CN110819350A - Acid soil remediation improver and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Acid soil remediation improver and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/06—Calcium compounds, e.g. lime
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The invention provides an acid soil remediation improver which is prepared from 4.5-5.5 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum, 2.5-3.5 parts by weight of dolomite, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of potassium feldspar, a potassium hydroxide solution and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient; the application also provides a preparation method of the acid soil remediation improver. The acid soil remediation improver can improve the pH of acid soil through the synergistic effect of the components, improves the water and fertilizer retention effect of the soil, and does not introduce heavy metals to cause heavy metal pollution to the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil conditioners, in particular to an acid soil remediation conditioner and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The application of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production is indispensable, but the application of chemical fertilizers causes the soil acidification condition of cultivated lands to be intensified, particularly soil in south China, and the soil acidification is particularly obvious due to climate and other reasons, so that the yield and the quality of crops are seriously influenced. From 80 s of the last century to the present, the pH value of farmland soil in China is averagely reduced by 0.5 unit; for example: since the year 1980, the pH of the cultivated land of the whole province is reduced to 6.01 from 6.46, which is 0.45 unit lower, corresponding to the acid content (H) of the soil+) Increased by 1.94 times on the original basis. The acidification condition of the farmland soil is very serious and is in urgent needAnd (5) improvement.
The existing soil conditioner has more acidified soil restoration improving agents, but most of the existing soil conditioners have the problem of formula and process, and the soil acidified restoration effect cannot be lasting. Part of the soil restoration improving agents have the soil improvement physicochemical property and the soil fertility improvement characteristic, but the effect is slow, particularly aiming at the problem of soil acidification of farmlands, field fallow measures need to be taken in the restoration process of most of the soil restoration improving agents, and crops cannot be planted in the farmlands, so that the yield of the crops is reduced, and the income of farmers is reduced. In general, the formula, the process and the effectiveness of the current soil acidification remediation modifying agent are all insufficient.
In conclusion, the soil remediation improver in the prior art is low in soil acidification and improvement efficiency, and may influence physical and chemical properties of soil in an improvement process, damage a soil body structure, and possibly introduce heavy metals to cause heavy metal pollution to the soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the acid soil remediation improver, and the acid soil remediation improver can improve the pH value of acid soil, reduce heavy metal pollution and improve soil fertility.
In view of the above, the application provides an acid soil remediation improver, which is prepared from 4.5-5.5 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum, 2.5-3.5 parts by weight of dolomite, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of potash feldspar, a potassium hydroxide solution and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient.
Preferably, the content of the desulfurized gypsum is 5 parts by weight, the content of the dolomite is 3 parts by weight, and the content of the potassium feldspar is 2 parts by weight.
Preferably, the nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient is urea and calcium superphosphate.
Preferably, the acid soil remediation improver further comprises an edible-grade coloring agent.
The application also provides a preparation method of the acid soil remediation improver, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and crushing desulfurized gypsum, dolomite and potash feldspar according to a ratio, mixing the obtained mixture with a potassium hydroxide solution, drying, mixing with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient, and forming to obtain the acid soil conditioner.
Preferably, the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 3 wt% to 10 wt%, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of the mixture to the potassium hydroxide solution is 1: 1.
Preferably, the size of the crushed particles is at least 40 meshes of sieve.
Preferably, the mixture is shaken for 1-2 h at 25-45 ℃ in the mixing process of the mixture and the potassium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, the forming mode is drum granulation, and a binder is added in the drum granulation process.
The application provides an acid soil remediation improver which is prepared from 4.5-5.5 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum, 2.5-3.5 parts by weight of dolomite, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of potassium feldspar, a potassium hydroxide solution and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient; the desulfurized gypsum in the acid soil remediation improver contains a large amount of trace and major elements, so that the water permeability of the soil can be remarkably improved, the loss of nutrients such as available phosphorus, water-soluble organic matters and the like in the soil can be reduced, the pH value of the soil can be effectively regulated, and the excessive alkalization or acidification of the soil can not be caused; the pH value of the dolomite is alkaline, so that the dolomite has a good improvement effect on an acid soil conditioner, and can form a stable compound with heavy metal elements such as Pd, Cu, Pb and the like through surface precipitation, thereby reducing the bioavailability of the heavy metal elements and having a remarkable passivation effect on soil heavy metals; the potassium feldspar is rich in elements such as potassium, silicon and the like required by plant growth, and when the potassium feldspar, the dolomite and the desulfurized gypsum are soaked by KOH, a complex reaction is carried out, and a certain amount of potassium is released. Therefore, the acid soil remediation improver provided by the application can effectively improve the pH value of acid soil, reduce heavy metal pollution and improve soil fertility through the matching and synergistic effect of the raw materials.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
In view of the problems that the acid soil restoration modifier in the prior art is not high in soil acidification improvement efficiency, may influence the physical and chemical properties of soil, damages the structure of the soil body and may introduce heavy metals, the application provides the acid soil restoration modifier which utilizes multiple alkaline materials and is matched with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient, and finally obtains the acid soil restoration modifier which can improve the pH value of the soil and increase the fertility of the soil. Specifically, the acid soil remediation improver is prepared from 4.5-5.5 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum, 2.5-3.5 parts by weight of dolomite, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of potash feldspar, a potassium hydroxide solution and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient.
The application provides an acid soil restoration improver, wherein desulfurization gypsum, dolomite, potassium feldspar, potassium hydroxide solution and nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient are the synergism, finally make acid soil restoration improver when improving acid soil, improve acid soil's fertility, and can not introduce heavy metal pollution.
Specifically, the main component of the desulfurized gypsum is CaSO4·2H2O, contains a large amount of trace and major elements, is weak alkaline, can obviously improve the water permeability of the soil after being applied to the soil, reduces the loss of nutrients such as available phosphorus, water-soluble organic matters and the like in the soil, and can effectively regulate the pH value of the soil without over-alkalization or acidification of the soil; however, the desulfurized gypsum can cause the enrichment of heavy metal elements such as Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu and the like on the soil surface after being used, and has the potential risk of causing the heavy metal pollution of the soil. The content of the desulfurized gypsum is 4.5-5.5 parts by weight, and in a specific embodiment, the content of the desulfurized gypsum is 5 parts by weight; the excessive content of the desulfurized gypsum can cause the soil to have too strong permeability, the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil to be deteriorated, the physical and chemical properties to be poor, the heavy metal enrichment to be overproof and the content to be too low, so the pH adjusting effect of the acid soil is not ideal.
The pH value of the dolomite is alkaline, so that the dolomite has a good improvement effect on acid soil, and meanwhile, the dolomite and heavy metal elements such as Cd, Cu, Pb and the like form a stable compound through surface precipitation, so that the bioavailability of the heavy metal elements is reduced, and the dolomite has a remarkable passivation effect on soil heavy metals. The content of the dolomite is 2.5-3.5 parts by weight, in a specific embodiment, the content of the dolomite is 3 parts by weight; the content of dolomite is too high, then leads to soil cation exchange capacity too high, and the basicity saturation is too high, is unfavorable for the promotion of soil water conservation fertilizer retention performance, and soil permeability variation, the content of dolomite is low excessively, and then passivation heavy metal effect is unsatisfactory, probably can lead to soil heavy metal pollution.
The potassium feldspar comprises the main component K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2The material is rich in elements such as potassium, silicon and the like required by plant growth, and after the material is soaked by KOH solution, potassium feldspar, dolomite and desulfurized gypsum can carry out complex reaction in alkaline solution to release a certain amount of potassium. Because the potassium fertilizer is high in price, the potassium content in the fertilizer can be effectively increased by using the method, and the production cost is effectively reduced. The content of the potassium feldspar is 1.5-2.5 parts by weight, and in a specific embodiment, the content of the potassium feldspar is 2 parts by weight. If the content of the potash feldspar is too high, the cation exchange capacity of the soil is too high, the saturation of the base is too high, the water and fertilizer retention performance of the soil is not facilitated, and the permeability of the soil is poor; the content of the potassium feldspar is too low, the release of soil nutrients is insufficient, and the supplement of soil nutrient elements is insufficient.
According to the invention, the acid soil remediation improver also comprises potassium hydroxide, and the potassium hydroxide is prepared by taking part in the formation of the potassium hydroxide, so that more K elements can be provided, the pH value can be increased, and an activation reaction environment for the desulfurized gypsum, dolomite and potash feldspar can be provided.
According to the nutrient requirements of crops, the acid soil remediation improver further comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient which is well known to those skilled in the art and can be specifically selected from urea and calcium superphosphate. The edible coloring agent can be added according to the requirements of actual conditions.
The application provides a desulfurization gypsum and dolomite in the acid soil restoration agent mainly play and adjust soil pH, improve acid soil pH and physicochemical property, reduce the effect of heavy metal validity in the soil, desulfurization gypsum is used back, heavy metal such as heavy metal Pb, Cd, Cu has the enrichment effect, and through adding a certain amount of dolomite powder, can effectively reduce the risk of soil heavy metal pollution, potassium feldspar is owing to itself be rich in K element, the alkaline environment that the KOH solution provided is recycled, can promote dolomite, desulfurization gypsum, potassium feldspar to react, release a small part of K element, potassium feldspar contains K simultaneously and highly, can improve K's total amount in the soil, effectively promote the growth of crop. Therefore, the acid soil remediation improver can improve the pH value of acid soil, improve the water and fertilizer retention effect of the soil, and does not introduce heavy metals to cause heavy metal pollution to the soil.
The application also provides a preparation method of the acid soil remediation improver, which comprises the following steps:
mixing and crushing desulfurized gypsum, dolomite and potash feldspar according to a ratio, mixing the obtained mixture with a potassium hydroxide solution, drying, mixing with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient, and forming to obtain the acid soil conditioner.
In the process of preparing the acid soil remediation improver, the desulfurized gypsum, the dolomite and the potassium feldspar are firstly mixed and crushed, so that the crushed particles can pass through a sieve of 40 meshes at least. After the crushed mixture is obtained, the crushed mixture is mixed with a potassium hydroxide solution, and an activation reaction environment for the desulfurized gypsum, the dolomite and the potash feldspar is provided, so that the effects of the desulfurized gypsum, the dolomite and the potash feldspar can be fully exerted. The concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 3 wt% -10 wt%, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of the mixture to the potassium hydroxide solution is 1: 1; the pH value of the acid soil restoration modifier is too high due to too high concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution, the subsequent fertilizer element addition and forming procedures are not facilitated, the activation effect of the material is poor due to too low concentration of the potassium hydroxide, and the performances of the desulfurized gypsum, dolomite and potash feldspar cannot be fully exerted. In the mixing process, the temperature is kept at 25-45 ℃ and the oscillation is carried out for 1-2 h.
The application finally dries the mixed sample, then mixes the dried sample with the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient, and obtains the acid soil conditioner after molding. The shaping is well known to those skilled in the art and may be carried out by drum granulation. During the molding process, an adhesive, which is well known to those skilled in the art, may be added, and the present application is not particularly limited thereto.
The acid soil remediation improver provided by the invention can obviously improve the pH of soil within half a year, improve the content of available nutrients in the soil and increase the biomass of crops, and has the following specific effects: 1) the acid soil restoration modifier can obviously improve the pH value of soil, and has extremely obvious restoration and improvement effects on acidified soil; 2) the fertilizer has the functions of soil conditioning and fertilizer efficiency, can effectively improve the soil fertility, can effectively improve the content of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the soil, and can supplement nutrients required by plants such as calcium, magnesium, silicon and the like, and the used raw materials contain various slightly soluble substances and have lasting effect; 3) the production materials are proportioned properly, the nutrient release rate accords with the growth rule of crops, and the biomass of the crops can be obviously improved; 4) the production material selected by the invention is convenient to obtain, low in price and simple in process.
For further understanding of the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the acid soil remediation improver and the preparation method thereof in detail, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
1) Mixing and crushing 5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 3 parts of dolomite and 2 parts of potassium feldspar, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, putting a mixed sample into a 3.5% KOH solution with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:1, and oscillating for 1.5 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃;
2) removing moisture of the sample in the step 1), and then drying the sample;
3) and (3) mixing urea, calcium superphosphate and the dried sample in the step 2), and performing drum granulation to obtain the acid soil remediation improver.
Example 2
1) Mixing and crushing 5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 3 parts of dolomite and 2 parts of potassium feldspar, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, putting a mixed sample into a 10% KOH solution, keeping the solid-liquid ratio at 1:1, and oscillating for 1 hour at the temperature of 25 ℃;
2) removing moisture of the sample in the step 1), and then drying the sample;
3) and (3) mixing urea, calcium superphosphate and the dried sample in the step 2), and performing drum granulation to obtain the acid soil remediation improver.
Comparative example 1
1) Mixing and crushing 1 part of desulfurized gypsum, 1 part of dolomite and 1 part of potassium feldspar, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, putting a mixed sample into a 5% KOH solution with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:1, and maintaining the temperature at 40 ℃ and shaking for 2 hours;
2) removing moisture of the sample in the step 1), and then drying the sample;
3) and (3) mixing urea, calcium superphosphate and the dried sample in the step 2), and performing drum granulation to obtain the acid soil remediation improver.
Comparative example 2
1) Mixing and crushing 5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 3 parts of dolomite and 2 parts of potassium feldspar, sieving by a 40-mesh sieve, putting the mixed sample into purified water at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:1, and maintaining the temperature at 40 ℃ and shaking for 2 hours to obtain an acid soil remediation improver;
2) removing moisture of the sample in the step 1), and then drying the sample;
3) and (3) mixing urea, calcium superphosphate and the dried sample in the step 2), and performing drum granulation to obtain the acid soil remediation improver.
Applying the acid soil remediation preparation prepared in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2 into acidified farmland soil, and normally planting garlic crops, wherein the index of the acidified farmland soil is shown in table 1; after 6 months, indexes such as soil-related nutrient content, pH, crop biomass and the like are determined, and the results are shown in table 2; measuring the pH of the soil by using a pH measuring instrument; alkali diffusion dispersion method is used for soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content; measuring the content of the available phosphorus in the soil by sodium bicarbonate oscillation and a molybdenum blue method; measuring the effective potassium content by a flame photometer; the garlic biomass is determined by a drying method, and comprises an overground part and an underground part.
TABLE 1 data sheet of indexes before planting crops in soil
| pH | Basic hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg) | Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) | Effective potassium (mg/kg) |
| 4.7 | 28.2 | 12.6 | 37.9 |
TABLE 2 data table of soil and garlic indexes treated in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2
Comparative example 3
1) Mixing and crushing 5 parts of desulfurized gypsum, 3 parts of dolomite and 2 parts of quartz sand (which is not easy to decompose and has no elements), sieving with a 40-mesh sieve, putting a mixed sample into purified water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:1, and maintaining the temperature at 40 ℃ and shaking for 2 hours;
2) removing moisture of the sample in the step 1), and then drying the sample;
3) and (3) mixing urea, calcium superphosphate and the dried sample in the step 2), and performing drum granulation to obtain the acid soil remediation improver.
The test is carried out by using a pot culture mode, garlic is planted, the soil remediation modifier of the experimental example 1 and the comparative example 3 is applied to soil according to the weight of 300mg/kg, the indexes of the soil are shown in the table 3, and the natural condition is simulated; indexes such as soil-related nutrient content, pH, crop biomass and the like after artificial culture for 6 months; the soil pH was measured with a pH meter, and the results are shown in table 4; alkali diffusion dispersion method is used for soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content; measuring the content of the available phosphorus in the soil by sodium bicarbonate oscillation and a molybdenum blue method; measuring the effective potassium content by a flame photometer; the garlic biomass is determined by a drying method, and comprises an overground part and an underground part.
TABLE 3 data sheet of indexes before planting crops in soil
| pH | Basic hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg/kg) | Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) | Effective potassium (mg/kg) |
| 4.1 | 25.4 | 18.7 | 42.1 |
Table 4 index data table of soil treated in example 1 and comparative example 3 and garlic
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. An acid soil remediation improver is prepared from 4.5-5.5 parts by weight of desulfurized gypsum, 2.5-3.5 parts by weight of dolomite, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of potash feldspar, a potassium hydroxide solution and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient.
2. An agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the desulfurized gypsum is contained in an amount of 5 parts by weight, the dolomite is contained in an amount of 3 parts by weight, and the potassium feldspar is contained in an amount of 2 parts by weight.
3. An acidic soil remediation improver according to claim 1 wherein the nitrogen phosphorus potassium nutrient is urea and calcium superphosphate.
4. The acid soil remediation improver of claim 1 further comprising a food grade coloring agent.
5. A method for preparing an acid soil remediation improver as claimed in claim 1 including the steps of:
mixing and crushing desulfurized gypsum, dolomite and potash feldspar according to a ratio, mixing the obtained mixture with a potassium hydroxide solution, drying, mixing with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium nutrient, and forming to obtain the acid soil conditioner.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution is 3 to 10 wt%, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of the mixture to the potassium hydroxide solution is 1: 1.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the size of the crushed particles is at least 40 mesh.
8. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the mixture is shaken at 25-45 ℃ for 1-2 h during the mixing process with the potassium hydroxide solution.
9. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the forming mode is drum granulation, and the adhesive is added in the drum granulation process.
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