CN110813449B - Rock sample grinding and separating device and method - Google Patents

Rock sample grinding and separating device and method Download PDF

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CN110813449B
CN110813449B CN201911080431.2A CN201911080431A CN110813449B CN 110813449 B CN110813449 B CN 110813449B CN 201911080431 A CN201911080431 A CN 201911080431A CN 110813449 B CN110813449 B CN 110813449B
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rock
grinding
gas
rock sample
sample
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CN110813449A (en
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高之业
薛子鑫
姜振学
范毓鹏
王鑫
熊书苓
李慧
玄麒祥
成雨
梁祝
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/10—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/183—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B02C17/1835—Discharging devices combined with sorting or separating of material
    • B02C17/184—Discharging devices combined with sorting or separating of material with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/183—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B02C17/186—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy
    • B02C17/1865—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy after crushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/183—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B02C17/186—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy
    • B02C17/1875—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy passing gas through crushing zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/20—Disintegrating members

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock sample grinding and separating device and a method, wherein the device comprises: a housing, a grinder disposed in the housing, the grinder including a body having abrasive particles movably disposed therein, the body having an axis of rotation about which the body can rotate to cause the abrasive particles to grind a rock sample; the body is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, and an openable feeding channel is formed between the shell and the feeding hole; the gas device is communicated with the body through a pipeline and is used for blowing gas to the rock sample of the body; the cleaning device is communicated with the body through a pipeline and is used for supplying cleaning liquid to the body; and the rock separation system is communicated with the discharge port and comprises screens with different meshes. The invention can grind the target rock sample efficiently, safely and controllably.

Description

Rock sample grinding and separating device and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum geology experiments, in particular to a rock sample grinding and separating device and method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.
Shale hydrocarbons are important unconventional hydrocarbon resources. At present, the exploration and development of shale oil and gas are in a rapid development state. Shale oil and gas are mainly stored in the pores of the shale reservoir, and the development degree of the pores in the shale reservoir is the basic premise that shale has good oil and gas containing property. For shale reservoirs, the reservoir volume for hydrocarbons is concentrated primarily in pores below 1 μm. Conventional means such as core description and slice analysis cannot describe pores with such dimensions, and experimental testing means such as X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, carbon dioxide adsorption and methane isothermal adsorption are often required to determine the texture characteristics and the reservoir performance of the shale rock reservoir. Powder rocks are needed for the experiments, and the number of the rocks needed by different experiments is different. In order to prepare rock samples with specific meshes for different experiments, rock grinding and screening are generally performed for different experiments for multiple times to obtain corresponding rock samples.
At present, the centrifugal grinder is the main existing rock grinder in the oil and gas industry. When the grinder works, the main shaft drives a plurality of metal circular rings with different sizes to rotate in a centrifugal mode, and shale rocks are ground into powdery samples through centrifugal force.
The shale of the target layer, which is intensively researched in the shale oil and gas exploration process in China, has high siliceous content or calcareous content and high rock hardness. When the existing grinder for the laboratory is used for grinding high-hardness shale, the shale rock is often not thoroughly ground, and the obtained powder quantity does not meet the experimental requirements.
After a certain amount of powder is obtained by means of a grinding mill, it is necessary to separate rocks of different mesh sizes contained in the powder. The existing rock separation with different meshes is mainly realized by screens with different meshes. The screening process is generally carried out manually by laboratory workers, screens with different meshes are superposed, and rock samples with different meshes are obtained by vibration.
In summary, the prior art rock sample acquisition technology has the following problems in use:
1. in the shale which is successfully exploited in China at present, the marine shale is represented by Wufeng-Longmaxi shale, the continental shale is represented by prolonged shale, the high-yield marine shale has high siliceous content, and the high-yield continental shale has high carbonate content. The hardness of shale rock is increased due to high contents of siliceous materials and calcareous materials, and the conditions of insufficient grinding, large sample loss and the like are often generated in the grinding process by using the existing method and device, so that the development of experiments is not facilitated.
2. The existing method and the device can not combine the two processes of rock grinding and rock separation, and only can respectively carry out the two processes of grinding and screening, so that the required time and workload are large, and the experimental efficiency is low.
3. In the experiment process by adopting the existing method and device, if the time interval between the two processes of grinding and screening is longer, the ground shale powder can react with substances such as oxygen, water vapor and the like in the atmosphere, and the shale powder absorbs water or suffers from oxidation, so that the property of the shale is damaged, and the subsequent experiment result is deviated.
4. The acquisition technique of current rock sample is because mostly open, does not have the external equipment protection, can produce a large amount of dusts and rubble grinding and screening process, can have the danger that causes the health damage to the experimenter, also can cause the pollution to the atmospheric environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one defect in the prior art, the invention provides a rock sample grinding and separating device and a rock sample grinding and separating method, which can grind a target rock sample efficiently, safely and controllably.
The embodiment of the application discloses rock sample grinds and separator, and this rock sample grinds and separator includes: a housing, a grinder disposed in the housing, the grinder including a body having abrasive particles movably disposed therein, the body having an axis of rotation about which the body can rotate to cause the abrasive particles to grind a rock sample; the body is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, and an openable feeding channel is formed between the shell and the feeding hole; the gas device is communicated with the body through a pipeline and is used for blowing gas to the rock sample of the body; the cleaning device is communicated with the body through a pipeline and is used for supplying cleaning liquid to the body; and the rock separation system is communicated with the discharge port and comprises screens with different meshes.
In a preferred embodiment, the body is a hollow cylinder, and the inner wall of the body is provided with a sharp bulge.
In a preferred embodiment, the kinetic energy of the abrasive particles generated when the wall of the body collides against the rock sample is calculated as follows:
Figure GDA0002891571280000031
in the above formula:
Figure GDA0002891571280000032
n represents the rotational speed of the body; n iscRepresenting a critical rotational speed of the body; ψ represents a rotation speed rate; m represents the mass of the abrasive grain and R represents the radius of the body.
In a preferred embodiment, the rotation speed of the body is any one of the following: 150r/min, 300r/min and 450 r/min.
In a preferred embodiment, the grinding particles are stainless steel pellets with a predetermined diameter, the diameter and the material of the steel pellets are the same, and the diameter of the steel pellets is 10 cm.
In a preferred embodiment, the rock separation system comprises: the support device is arranged below the discharge port, and the screen is arranged in the support device in a detachable mode.
In a preferred embodiment, the cleaning device is provided with a water pump, and the fluid pushed by the water pump comprises: at least one of distilled water, ethanol and tetrachloromethane, and the injection fluid velocity of the water pump is not less than 0.01m3/min。
In a preferred embodiment, the gas blown by the gas device comprises: at least one of air, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide or argon, wherein the gas injection pressure of the gas device is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the gas injection rate of the gas device is greater than or equal to 0.1m3/min。
In a preferred embodiment, the rock sample grinding and separating device further comprises a recovery system, one end of the rock separation system is communicated with the discharge port, and the other end of the rock separation system is communicated with the recovery system.
A rock sample grinding and separating method based on the rock sample grinding and separating device comprises the following steps:
starting a grinder to obtain the crushing degree of the rock, starting a gas device to inject gas into the grinder based on the crushing degree of the rock after the grinder grinds for a certain time, and pushing the crushed rock into a rock separation system;
obtaining the grinding condition of the rock sample, increasing the air inflow of the gas device when no obvious blocky rock exists, and pushing the rock sample obtained by grinding into a rock separation system;
when no rock sample exists in the grinding machine, closing the grinding machine, keeping the gas injection of the gas device for a certain period of time, and taking out rock samples with different mesh numbers from a screen of the rock separation system after closing the gas device;
the cleaning device and the mill are opened to clean any retained and residual shale powder.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that: the invention provides a device and a method for grinding and separating a rock sample, which can automatically finish two processes of grinding and screening the shale rock sample in a short time when the device is used for carrying out experiment operation, can prevent the influence of heat accumulation on the property of the shale rock in the experiment process, and ensure the accuracy of the experiment result. Meanwhile, the experimental process is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the timeliness and the accuracy of the shale rock experiment are improved. The automatic screening and cleaning process can also reduce the dust pollution and debris hazard of a laboratory, and the operation safety is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly of a rock sample grinding and separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application:
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a grinder in the rock sample grinding and separating apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating the working principle of a rock sample grinding and separating apparatus provided in the present application;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating the steps of a rock sample grinding and separation method provided herein.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a housing; 2. a grinder; 3. a steel pellet; 4. a gas device; 5. a water pump; 6. a rock separation system; 7. screening a screen; 8. a recovery system; 9. a rock sample; 10. an external support device; 11. a sample inlet; 12. an air supply valve; 13. a liquid supply valve; 14. a control switch is arranged on the screen; 15. air holes; 16. a drive shaft; 17. a protrusion; 18. a sample collection tank; 19. a connecting member.
Detailed Description
The details of the present invention can be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments of the present invention. However, the specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Any possible variations based on the present invention may be conceived by the skilled person in the light of the teachings of the present invention, and these should be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, communications between two elements, direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, and the like. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The applicant found that: in the existing rock sample grinding process, no water or other coolants are used for cooling, and heat generated by collision between a grinding instrument and the rock sample cannot be discharged. This not only can cause the influence to the nature of rock itself, also can lead to experimental facilities overheated, damages equipment, improves the experiment cost. In addition, in the process of grinding the rock sample, a large amount of rock powder is exposed to the air due to vibration when the sample is taken out, and the physical health of an operator is easily affected.
The invention provides a device and a method for grinding and separating a rock sample, which can automatically finish two processes of grinding and screening the shale rock sample in a short time when the device is used for carrying out experiment operation, can prevent the influence of heat accumulation on the property of the shale rock in the experiment process, and ensure the accuracy of the experiment result. Meanwhile, the experimental process is simplified, the cost is reduced, and the timeliness and the accuracy of the shale rock experiment are improved. The automatic screening and cleaning process can also reduce the dust pollution and debris hazard of a laboratory, and the operation safety is improved.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a rock sample grinding and separating apparatus mainly includes: a housing 1, a grinder 2, a gas device 4, a cleaning device, a rock separation system 6, a recovery system 8.
In this embodiment, the casing 1 is used as the casing of the whole rock sample grinding and separating device, and is used for covering the grinding machine 2 and the rock separating system 6 in a relatively closed space, so that the danger of causing physical damage to experimenters and pollution to the atmospheric environment due to a large amount of dust and gravels generated in the grinding and screening processes is avoided.
Specifically, the housing 1 may have various shapes, for example, a square shape, a cylindrical shape, or the like. The shape of the housing 1 may be determined according to the volume and shape of the device actually disposed in the housing 1, and the shape of the housing 1 is not particularly limited in this application. In order to ensure the rigidity and durability of the housing 1, the housing 1 may be made of metal, such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel, etc.
In order to allow the operator to conveniently place a rock sample 9 into the grinding mill 2, an openable feed channel is formed between the housing 1 and the grinding mill 2. The feed channel may comprise a sample inlet 11 arranged on the housing 1, the sample inlet 11 arranged on the sample inlet 11 being switched.
In order to enable an operator to observe the grinding process, the sample inlet 11 arranged on the shell 1 can be internally provided with two layers, one layer is an external metal layer, the whole rapid grinding and separating system for the rock sample 9 is a closed system, and the other layer is an internal visible transparent layer. The transparent piece can be a colorless transparent piece or a transparent piece with a certain color, and the material of the transparent piece can be PVC or plastic. Before the grinding operation is performed in the housing 1, an operator can open the sample inlet 11 to put the rock sample 9, and then close the sample inlet 11, so that the system is in a closed state. In the process of grinding operation in the shell 1, an operator can open the metal layer of the sample inlet 11 and keep the transparent layer closed so as to observe the state of the shale core in the device.
In the present embodiment, the mill 2 is arranged in the housing 1, and the rock sample 9 can be introduced into the mill 2 through the feed channel. The grinding machine 2 comprises a body in which abrasive particles are movably arranged, the body having an axis of rotation about which the body can be rotated to bring the abrasive particles to grind a rock sample 9. The body has a feed inlet and a discharge outlet. The feed channel is arranged between the shell 1 and the feed inlet. Wherein the abrasive particles may be pellets having a size and a mass. In the present embodiment, the abrasive grains are mainly wear-resistant steel grains 3, and reference may be made to the embodiment of the steel grains 3 for abrasive grains of other materials.
Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the main body of the grinding machine 2 may be a hollow cylinder, two ends of the main body are connected to transmission shafts 16, and the extending direction of the transmission shafts 16 is the central axis direction of the main body and the rotating axis direction of the main body. The body is able to rotate about its central axis under the action of the drive shaft 16.
When the rock sample 9 is placed inside the grinding mill 2, the grinding mill 2 will rotate relative to the housing 1. The grinding machine 2 is rotated along the central axis compared to the housing 1. Wherein the central axis may be parallel to the bottom surface of the housing 1. This rotation is in the axial direction with a clockwise or counterclockwise rolling motion, which drives the inner steel pellets 3 to rotate with the barrel along the barrel wall in the mill 2.
Referring to fig. 3, when the grinding machine 2 rotates uniformly at a rotation speed N, the steel balls on the wall of the cylinder generally move close to the wall of the cylinder under the action of gravity G, friction force F, and normal reaction force N. When the steel ball rotates to an angle alpha 0 in fig. 3, the reaction force N is reduced to 0, the friction force F disappears, the steel ball falls off the wall of the well bore along a parabolic track under the action of gravity G, and the rock sample 9 is further ground.
In this type of grinder 2, the actual rotational speed during grinding is generally indicated by the letter n; the critical rotation speed is such thatThe rotation speed at which the internal steel pellets 3 are strongly vibrated is the upper limit of the maximum rotation speed during the grinding process, and exceeding this rotation speed generally causes the damage of the apparatus, and is generally ncAnd (4) showing. The ratio between these two types of rpm is defined as the rpm ratio ψ, and the calculation of the rpm ratio is shown in equation (1).
Figure GDA0002891571280000071
In fig. 3, the trajectory of the steel ball from point B to point a follows the shape of the inner surface of the grinding machine 2 completely, and can be regarded as a movement with a circular trajectory, while a movement from point a to point B is a typical parabolic movement. In the two processes, the rising height of the steel ball and the falling height of the inner wall boundary can be represented by alpha and beta respectively. The smaller alpha represents the higher the steel ball rises, and the larger beta represents the greater the falling height of the steel ball. A. And the height difference H between the two points B is the falling height of the steel ball. Since the grinding process of the present invention has the specially designed sharp protrusions 17 on the inner wall surface of the grinding mill 2, the steel pellets 3 in contact with the inner wall surface are the most important contributors in the grinding process, and thus the impact force that can be caused by this portion of the steel pellets 3 is calculated, demonstrating the advantages of the present invention in the grinding process.
In the process of moving the steel ball, the separation angle alpha of the steel ball is controlled by centrifugal force and is only related to the rotating speed rate, and alpha is arccos (psi)2). Beta can be obtained by conversion according to alpha, and beta is 3 alpha-pi/2 is 3arccos (psi)2)-π/2。
In the process of grinding, the force for crushing the shale is mainly determined by the collision force of the steel ball and the shale on the inner wall surface of the grinder in the falling process of the steel ball. The magnitude of this force is related to the kinetic energy of the steel ball drop. In the process of moving the steel ball, the steel ball is mainly under the action of gravity, so that the kinetic energy of the steel ball is only related to the mass of the steel ball and the falling height H. The drop height can be replaced with a radius according to the correlation in fig. 3.
H＝4.5Rsin2(α)cos(α)＝4.5RΨ2sin2(arccos(Ψ2) Formula (2)
At point B, when the steel ball reaches the edge of the inner wall, in order to calculate the momentum, the moving speed of the steel ball at point B needs to be decomposed into a horizontal speed and a vertical speed, and the horizontal speed and the vertical speed can be respectively calculated according to the speed of the steel ball at point A. According to the speed vB、vxAnd vyAnd the momentum generated when the wall surface of the steel ball collides with the shale sample can be calculated.
(vx)2＝(vcosα)2＝gRΨ6Formula (3)
Figure GDA0002891571280000081
Figure GDA0002891571280000082
Figure GDA0002891571280000083
Therefore, the collision energy generated when grinding the rock sample 9 is mainly related to the mass of the steel balls 3, the rotation speed of the grinder 2, and the radius of the body of the grinder 2. Since the present invention is directed to common laboratory designs, the radius of the mill 2 body will typically not exceed 0.5m, and the energy of the milled sample is primarily related to the mass of the steel shot 3 and the rotational speed of the mill 2. The weight and the rotating speed of the steel ball need to be set according to specific conditions. Wherein the rotational speed of the body of the mill 2 is related to the composition of the rock, the moisture content. The hardness of rock is generally between 1.5 and 5, and some are even higher. In addition, the size and shape of the sample to be ground can affect the grinding effect. Therefore, when the rotation speed is selected, the minimum rotation speed capable of crushing the shale can be roughly calculated according to the basic attribute of the shale, but the specific grinding degree needs to be selected according to the actual situation, so that samples with different mesh numbers can be obtained. Wherein the specific mesh number can be subsequently screened out by a screen 7. Typically, the minimum rotational speed of the body of the mill 2 is 100 r/min. For example, 150r/min, 300r/min, 450r/min may be selected.
In the present embodiment, a gas device 4 is provided outside the casing 1 for blowing gas into the grinding mill 2. During the specific use, gas device 4 can blow to grinding machine 2 in 9 grinding process of rock sample, and then plays the cooling effect to rock sample 9, has avoided the destruction and the damage of heat accumulation to rock sample 9. At the same time, the gas may facilitate the movement of the sample within the mill 2, allowing the sample to rapidly enter the rock separation system 6 after being milled.
In this embodiment, the cleaning means is arranged outside the housing 1 for pushing cleaning liquid into the rapid grinding and separation system for the rock sample 9. In particular, the cleaning device may comprise a water pump 5. During the specific use, the water pump 5 carries out fluidic pump in whole rock sample 9 grinds fast and the piece-rate system after rock sample 9 grinds, and through fluidic dissolution and viscous effect, the device is taken out completely to the remaining sample that the gas was not blown off completely from the device in the grinding process, plays the cleaning function to equipment. Compared with the prior art, the process can effectively reduce the workload of experimenters and reduce dust pollution, thereby completing the grinding and separation process of shale rocks more safely and efficiently.
In this embodiment, the gas means 4 and the cleaning means may both be in communication with the body of the mill 2 via a line. Since the line fitting with the body requires a dynamic seal, the gas device 4 and the cleaning device may share a part of the line in order to ensure the sealing property and reliability of the body while simplifying the structure. The non-common part may comprise a first line for connecting the gas means 4 and a second line for connecting the cleaning means. The first line may be provided with a gas supply valve 12 and the second line may be provided with a liquid supply valve 13.
In one embodiment, the gas device 4 is used to blow gas into the mill 2. The rock sample 9 generates a large amount of powder and debris during grinding in the grinder 2, and the gas device 4 can blow gas into the grinder 2 to make all ground powder particles during grinding as fast as possible enter the rock separation system 6, so as to reduce the adhesion and deposition of powder on the surface of the grinder 2. The gas blowing function of the gas device 4 can also take away heat generated in the grinding process, and reduce the property damage caused by heat accumulation possibly suffered by the rock sample 9.
In particular, the gas device 4 may be provided as an external gas source, for example, outside the housing 1. An external air supply is controlled by a valve through a pipeline and enters the grinding machine 2 in the shell 1 to provide the air blowing function in the system. The gas blown by the gas device 4 may include any one of air, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon and other gases, and other non-toxic and harmless gases may be selected according to actual experimental conditions. In addition, in order to ensure that the gas can achieve the ideal action effect, the gas injection pressure of the gas device 4 is greater than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the gas injection rate of the gas device 4 is greater than or equal to 0.1m3/min。
In one embodiment, a water pump 5 is used to push liquid into the entire system. Powder and debris can remain in the grinder 2 after the grinding process is complete. The liquid pumped by the pump 5 can quickly fill the grinder 2 and the waste sample remaining in the grinder 2 can be quickly discharged out of the system.
Specifically, the water pump 5 is provided as an external water pump 5, for example, outside the housing 1. An external water pump 5 is valved into the mill 2 in the housing 1 to provide a cleaning function within the system. The liquid pumped by the water pump 5 may include any one of distilled water, ethanol, tetrachloromethane and other liquids, and the rest of the liquids may be selected according to actual experimental conditions.
The body of the mill 2 may also be provided with an annular sample collection trough 18. The ground rock sample will automatically enter the sample collection tank 18 under the influence of centrifugal force. Further, at a position corresponding to the sample collection tank 18, a connection 19 for connecting the rock separation system 6 may be provided.
In this embodiment, the rock sample grinding and separation device is provided with a rock separation system 6. In particular, the rock separation system 6 may be divided into an outer support means 10 and an internally disposed plurality of layers of replaceable screens 7. The screen 7 may be provided with 10 layers at most. After the shale rock is ground into the rock separation system 6, rock particles of different sizes are separated by screens 7 of different mesh sizes.
In a particular embodiment, the rock separation system 6 comprises an outer support means and 5 layers of screen 7 arranged in the support means. The screen 7 can be disassembled, assembled and replaced. The replaceable screen 7 mesh comprises: 10 meshes, 25 meshes, 50 meshes, 75 meshes, 100 meshes, 125 meshes, 150 meshes, 175 meshes, 200 meshes, 250 meshes and 300 meshes.
Further, the rock sample grinding and separating apparatus may also be provided with a recovery system 8. Recovery system 8 is connected with rock piece-rate system 6, plays the recovery effect of abandonment rock sample 9 and waste liquid. The recovery system 8 may be in the form of a cylinder or cube or the like. For example, the recycling system 8 may be a cube with an open top and closed remaining sides leaving only the vent holes 15. Of course, the recycling system 8 may be determined according to the installation volume and shape of the actual installation, and the application is not limited thereto. A 12500-mesh filter screen can be arranged on the air holes 15 to prevent dust particles from entering air through the air holes 15.
The mill 2 employs a rotating pellet milling process in an enclosed space. The method is different from the rock grinding method which takes the centrifugal force of the gravity block as the grinding acting force in the grinding process in the prior art, can effectively improve the acting force of the rock grinding, and avoids damaging experimental instruments when grinding the rock sample 9 with over-high hardness. Meanwhile, the grinder 2 is in a closed system during both grinding and separation. The method is different from the prior art that in the grinding process, the separation process, the sample collection process and the experimental instrument cleaning process, a large amount of rock powder particles can cause dust pollution to the environment and influence the health of experimenters, the grinding process, the sample collection process, the recovery process and the cleaning process of the method are all completed in a closed system, the environmental pollution and the personal injury of the powder sample after collision are reduced as much as possible, and the rapid grinding and separation process of the rock sample 9 is completed more safely.
In practice, the rock powder ground by the grinding machine 2 is rapidly introduced into the rock separation system 6 by the gas blown by the gas device 4. The screen 7 in the rock separation system 6 is installed into the outer support means 10 from top to bottom according to mesh size from coarse to fine, for example, top to bottom may be arranged as: 10 meshes, 25 meshes, 50 meshes, 100 meshes and 150 meshes. The shale powder entering the rock separation system 6 is respectively retained on the sieve with the unused mesh according to the size of the particle size under the action of gravity and gas power. After the grinding process is finished, the screen meshes 7 with different meshes are taken out from the external supporting equipment, and rock samples 9 with different grain sizes are obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the process reduces the steps of manual screening in the screening process, reduces the quality loss and dust pollution of the shale sample in the screening process, improves the sample processing efficiency, and protects the health of operators.
Further, after the screen cloth 7 is removed, the connection of the outer support means 10 to the screen cloth 7 may be provided with a screen cloth installation control switch 14 which may be opened when the screen cloth 7 is placed into the outer support means 10 and closed after the screen cloth 7 is removed from the outer support means 10 to maintain the seal of the rock recovery system 8. The internal equipment can be ensured not to be polluted in a non-experimental state and a cleaning state, and the internal substances can not be wrongly discharged out of the system by the rock separation device.
In practice, a recovery system 8 is connected to the lower part of the external support device of the rock separation system 6 for recovering fine-grained rock samples 9 that are not needed during the experiment and also for recovering fluids discharged from the water pump 5 during cleaning for cleaning the system. Specifically, recovery system 8 can be cylindrical or cube, and its top is uncapped, is snap-fit connection with the bottom of rock separation system 6, can install or dismantle as required. When the fine rock sample 9 remaining from the experimental process is needed, the recovery system 8 needs to be removed from the rock separation system 6 before the cleaning process can begin and the fine shale rock can be collected. When the residual fine-grained shale rock is not needed in the experimental process, the recovery system 8 does not need to be separated from the rock separation system 6 in the grinding and separation processes, and the fine-grained shale rock directly enters the recovery system 8, is mixed with the waste liquid obtained after the cleaning process, and is treated together with the waste liquid.
Based on the rock sample grinding and separating device provided in the above embodiment, the present invention also provides a rapid grinding and separating method for a rock sample 9, which may include: starting a grinder 2 to obtain the crushing degree of the rock, starting a gas device 4 to inject gas into the grinder 2 based on the crushing degree of the rock after the grinder 2 grinds for a certain time, and propelling the crushed rock into a rock separation system 6; acquiring the grinding condition of the rock sample 9, increasing the air inflow of the gas device 4 when no obvious blocky rock exists, and pushing the rock sample 9 obtained by grinding into a rock separation system 6; when no rock sample 9 is in the grinder 2, the grinder 2 is closed, the gas device 4 is kept injecting gas for a certain period of time, and after the gas device 4 is closed, rock samples 9 with different meshes are taken out from the screen 7 of the rock separation system 6; the cleaning device and the mill 2 are opened to clean all the remaining and residual shale powder
Referring to fig. 4, the following description will specifically develop a detailed description of the rapid grinding and separation method of the rock sample 9 in conjunction with the actual operation process. The method comprises the following steps:
step S101: and (5) pretreating an experimental device.
And (3) connecting the gas device 4, the water pump 5, the grinder 2, the rock separation system 6 and the recovery system 8, and closing a screen installation control switch 14 which is in charge of an installation opening of the screen 7 in the rock separation system 6. Closing the gas valve and opening the liquid valve; starting a water pump 5 to inject volatile liquid into the system for 5 min; and stopping injecting the liquid. Closing the liquid valve, opening the gas valve, and opening the gas device 4 to inject gas into the system for 5 min; the gas injection was stopped. The liquid valve is closed and the gas valve is closed. And (4) waiting for the liquid for cleaning the inside of the system to be completely volatilized, cleaning the waste materials in the recovery system 8, and reinstalling the recovery system 8. And finishing the cleaning work of the system.
In this step, the gas blown out from the gas device 4 may be any one of air, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, argon, and the like; the liquid pumped by the water pump 5 includes any one of distilled water, ethanol, tetrachloromethane and other liquids. The speed of the injected fluid of the water pump 5 is more than or equal to 0.01m3Min, the gas injection pressure of the gas device 4 is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the gas injection speed of the gas device 4 is more than or equal to 0.1m3/min。
Step S102: a shale sample to be ground is obtained.
Selecting a shale rock sample 9, simply crushing the rock sample 9, and obtaining the rock sample 9 with the unilateral side length not more than 10cm according to the mass requirement of the powder sample, wherein the shape of the rock sample 9 can be irregular; the obtained shale sample is placed into the grinder 2 through the sample inlet 11 on the casing 11, and the sample inlet 11 on the casing 1 is closed. The screen 7 of the mesh required for the experiment is installed into the external support means 10 of the rock separation system 6.
S103: grinding of shale samples
And (3) opening a switch of the grinding machine 2 to enable the grinding machine 2 to start to roll and rotate along the axial direction, so that the steel balls 3 inside begin to collide with the shale rocks to crush and grind the shale rocks. And (3) opening a metal part of the sample inlet 11 on the shell 1, keeping the transparent part closed, and observing the crushing degree of the shale rock. After 30 seconds, the gas valve is opened, the gas device 4 is opened, gas injection into the mill 2 is started, and the crushed shale rocks are propelled into the rock separation system 6.
In this step, the mill 22 is set at a device rotation speed of 100r/min or more.
S104: separation of shale samples
The grinding condition of the shale rocks is observed through a transparent piece of the sample inlet 11 on the shell 1, when the shale rocks have no obvious blocky rocks, the air inflow of the gas device 4 is increased, and the ground shale rocks are pushed into each screen 7 in the rock separation system 6 more completely. When the shale rock particles are difficult to be observed in the grinding machine 2 by observing through the transparent piece, the grinding of the grinding machine 2 is stopped, and the gas injection is continued through the gas device 4. After 5 minutes, the gas device 4 is closed, the gas valve is closed, the gas injection is stopped, samples in the screens 77 in the shale rock separation system 6 are taken out respectively and placed into different sample bags, and rock samples 9 with different meshes corresponding to different experimental requirements are obtained.
S105: rapid cleaning of devices
After the desired sample is removed from the system, the screen installation control switch 14 of the rock separation system 6, which is responsible for the screen 7 installation port, is closed. The liquid valve is opened, and the water pump 5 is opened to inject a fluid into the system, wherein the fluid can be any one of liquids such as distilled water, ethanol, tetrachloromethane and the like. The mill 2 is turned on to allow fluid to flow evenly through each component in the overall system, completely cleaning all stagnant and residual shale powder. The final waste liquid is completely recovered by the recovery system 8. And finishing the shale rapid grinding and separating process.
The shale sample grinding and separating system is different from the prior art that a centrifugal grinder 2 is used for grinding and a manual screen 7 is used for screening samples with different meshes, and the device and the method achieve the purpose of completing two experimental analyses through one experiment. In rock grinding systems, a rotating pellet grinding process in a closed space is used. The method is different from the rock grinding method which takes the centrifugal force of the gravity block as the grinding acting force in the grinding process in the prior art, can effectively improve the acting force of the rock grinding, and avoids damaging experimental instruments when grinding the rock sample 9 with over-high hardness. According to the method, in the experimental process, the gas is used as the coolant for cooling, so that the heat accumulation generated after the gas collides with the shale rock is reduced, and the influence on the shale property is reduced.
Meanwhile, the grinder 2 is in a closed system throughout the grinding and separation. The method is different from the defects that the ground rock powder particles cause dust pollution to the environment in the grinding and separating processes in the prior art, the health of experimenters is affected, and the shale is exposed to be easy to oxidize and absorb water to be affected. And the environmental pollution and the personal injury of the powder sample after the powder sample is collided are reduced as much as possible, and the grinding and separating process of the rock sample 9 is completed more accurately, safely and quickly.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and the purpose of the embodiments is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A rock sample grinding and separating method of a rock sample grinding and separating apparatus, characterized in that the rock sample grinding and separating apparatus comprises:
a housing, a grinder disposed in the housing, the grinder including a body having abrasive particles movably disposed therein, the body having an axis of rotation about which the body can rotate to cause the abrasive particles to grind a rock sample; the body is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, and an openable feeding channel is formed between the shell and the feeding hole; a gas device disposed outside the housing, in communication with the body via a line, for blowing gas to a rock sample of the body; the cleaning device is arranged outside the shell and is communicated with the body through a pipeline, and the cleaning device is provided with a water pump for supplying cleaning liquid to the body; the gas device and the cleaning device share a part of pipeline; the non-common part comprises a first pipeline for connecting a gas device and a second pipeline for connecting a cleaning device; an air supply valve is arranged on the first pipeline, and a liquid supply valve is arranged on the second pipeline; the rock separation system is communicated with the discharge hole and comprises screens with different meshes;
the method comprises the following steps: a pretreatment step of the experimental device, the pretreatment step comprising: closing the gas valve and opening the liquid valve; starting a water pump to inject volatile liquid into the system for 5 min; stopping injecting liquid; closing the liquid valve, opening the gas valve, and opening the gas device to inject gas into the system for 5 min; stopping gas injection; closing the liquid valve and closing the gas valve; waiting for the liquid for cleaning the interior of the system to be completely volatilized, cleaning the waste materials in the recovery system, and reinstalling the recovery system; finishing the cleaning work;
starting a grinder to obtain the crushing degree of the rock, starting a gas device to inject gas into the grinder based on the crushing degree of the rock after the grinder grinds for a certain time, and pushing the crushed rock into a rock separation system;
obtaining the grinding condition of the rock sample, increasing the air inflow of the gas device when no obvious blocky rock exists, and pushing the rock sample obtained by grinding into a rock separation system;
when no rock sample exists in the grinding machine, closing the grinding machine, keeping the gas injection of the gas device for a certain period of time, and taking out rock samples with different mesh numbers from a screen of the rock separation system after closing the gas device;
the cleaning device and the mill are opened to clean any retained and residual shale powder.
2. The method for grinding and separating a rock sample as claimed in claim 1, wherein the body is a hollow cylinder and the inner wall of the body is provided with sharp protrusions.
3. The rock sample grinding and separating method of claim 1, wherein the kinetic energy of the abrasive particles generated when the wall of the body collides against the rock sample is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0002868609160000021
in the above formula:
Figure FDA0002868609160000022
n represents the rotational speed of the body; n iscRepresenting a critical rotational speed of the body; ψ represents a rotation speed rate; m represents the mass of the abrasive grain and R represents the radius of the body.
4. A method of grinding and separating a rock sample according to claim 3, wherein the body is rotated at any one of: 150r/min, 300r/min and 450 r/min.
5. The rock sample grinding and separation method of claim 3, wherein the grinding particles are stainless steel pellets having a predetermined diameter, the diameter and material of the steel pellets are the same, and the diameter of the steel pellets is 10 cm.
6. The rock sample grinding and separation method of claim 1, wherein the rock separation system comprises: the support device is arranged below the discharge port, and the screen is arranged in the support device in a detachable mode.
7. The rock sample grinding and separation method of claim 1, wherein the fluid pushed by the water pump comprises: at least one of distilled water, ethanol and tetrachloromethane, and the injection fluid velocity of the water pump is not less than 0.01m3/min。
8. The rock sample grinding and separation method of claim 1, wherein the gas blown by the gas device comprises: at least one of air, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or argon, and the gas injection pressure of the gas deviceThe force is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, and the gas injection rate of the gas device is more than or equal to 0.1m3/min。
9. The rock sample grinding and separation method of claim 1, further comprising a recovery system, wherein one end of the rock separation system is in communication with the discharge port and the other end is in communication with the recovery system.
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