CN110810526B - Method for preparing milk powder and product thereof - Google Patents
Method for preparing milk powder and product thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110810526B CN110810526B CN201911204384.8A CN201911204384A CN110810526B CN 110810526 B CN110810526 B CN 110810526B CN 201911204384 A CN201911204384 A CN 201911204384A CN 110810526 B CN110810526 B CN 110810526B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/16—Agglomerating or granulating milk powder; Making instant milk powder; Products obtained thereby
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
- A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of dairy products, and particularly relates to a method for preparing milk powder, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing the raw materials with at least one gas selected from carbon dioxide and air to obtain a mixed material; wherein the raw materials comprise a milk protein providing raw material, an optional fat providing raw material, an optional carbohydrate providing raw material, an optional food additive and an optional water; (2) carrying out low-temperature spray granulation on the mixed material to obtain solid particles; (3) and (4) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the solid particles to obtain the milk powder. The invention also relates to the prepared milk powder. The method has the advantages of high freeze-drying efficiency, good solubility of the prepared milk powder, long shelf life and good taste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dairy products, and particularly relates to a method for preparing milk powder and a prepared milk powder product.
Background
It is well known that breast milk is the best natural food for infants, containing almost all the nutritional ingredients required by infants. However, women in the modern society face pressure in various aspects of work and life, problems of insufficient lactation, flawless lactation and the like often occur after delivery, and the infant formula milk powder becomes a breast milk substitute in many times.
Infant formulas are of a wide variety and function, and have been subjected to two stages until now: the first stage is nutrition fortification, mainly fortification of vitamins and minerals in infant formula; the second stage is component simulation, which mainly adjusts the types and proportions of fat, protein and the like in the infant formula milk powder to make the infant formula milk powder close to breast milk. But these two phases are limited to nutrients closer to breast milk.
With the progress of modern science, a great deal of epidemiological studies show that breast feeding can effectively reduce the possibility of infection diseases and death caused by the infection diseases within 6 months of newborns, which indicates that breast feeding can protect newborns from infection caused by immune insufficiency, wherein the active substances of immunoglobulin and lactoferrin in breast milk play a role. However, in the conventional process for preparing the infant formula milk powder, the infant formula milk powder needs to be heated and dried, and the active substances such as immunoglobulin, lactoferrin, heat-sensitive vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics and the like are easily inactivated or lost through thermal processing. Therefore, the development of infant formulas faces the problem of how to keep the bioactive substances closer to breast milk.
The vacuum freeze-drying technology (freeze-drying for short) is a technology that a water-containing material is frozen at a low temperature (the temperature is lower than the eutectic point of the material), so that water in the material is changed into solid ice, then the ice is directly sublimated into water vapor under a proper vacuum degree, and the water vapor is collected and condensed by a water vapor condenser (water catcher) in a vacuum system, so that a high-quality dry product is obtained at a low temperature and a low pressure. The technology can retain the biological activity of the substance without high temperature processing. Among them, regarding the low-temperature freezing of water-containing materials, some domestic and foreign documents introduce a technique of obtaining frozen solid particles by spraying water-containing materials into a low-temperature (lower than the eutectic point temperature of the materials) medium, i.e., a low-temperature spray granulation technique; compared with the traditional method of directly freezing the water-containing material in a whole block, the low-temperature spray granulation technology improves the efficiency of vacuum freeze drying to a certain extent. Some researchers try to prepare the milk powder by adopting a low-temperature spray granulation-vacuum freeze drying method, but because raw materials (especially main raw material milk liquid) for preparing the milk powder are different from common materials, the components are complex, the sugar content is high, the fat content is high, the moisture contained in solid particles obtained by the raw materials through low-temperature spray granulation cannot be effectively sublimated, the freeze drying efficiency is low, the prepared milk powder has poor solubility and short shelf life or quality guarantee period, and the product quality is seriously influenced.
At present, the method for preparing the milk powder by utilizing the vacuum freeze-drying technology has the advantages of high freeze-drying efficiency, good solubility of the prepared milk powder and long shelf life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing milk powder, which adopts a vacuum freeze-drying technology to prepare the milk powder, and has high freeze-drying efficiency, good dissolubility, long shelf life and good taste. On the basis, the invention also provides milk powder.
The invention relates in a first aspect to a method for preparing milk powder comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing the raw materials with at least one gas selected from carbon dioxide and air to obtain a mixed material; wherein the raw materials comprise a milk protein providing raw material, an optional fat providing raw material, an optional carbohydrate providing raw material, an optional food additive and an optional water;
(2) carrying out low-temperature spray granulation on the mixed material to obtain solid particles;
(3) and (4) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the solid particles to obtain the milk powder.
In certain embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in step (1), the mixing is carried out at a temperature of from 10 ℃ to 30 ℃, e.g., 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 28 ℃.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in step (1), the mixing is performed at 0.1 to 1MPa, such as 0.2MPa, 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa, 0.8MPa, 0.9 MPa.
In certain embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in step (1), the volume of the gas is 1 to 10 times, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 times the volume of the raw material.
In certain embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in step (1), the mixing is performed by a gas-liquid mixing tank.
In certain embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in step (1), the gas is pumped into the gas-liquid mixing tank by a high-pressure pump.
In one embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, in the step (1), carbon dioxide gas or air is injected into the raw material to obtain a mixed material; preferably, carbon dioxide gas or air is injected through the gas distributor.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the carbon dioxide gas is sterile carbon dioxide gas.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the air is sterile air.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the raw materials are those conventionally used in the art for the preparation of milk powder.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the raw materials comprise a milk protein providing raw material, a fat providing raw material, an emulsifier, optionally a carbohydrate providing raw material, optionally a nutritional enhancer and optionally water, the emulsifier consisting of phospholipids and sodium caseinate in a weight ratio of (1-4): 1.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the weight ratio of phospholipid to sodium caseinate in the emulsifier is (2-3): 1, e.g. 1.5:1, 2.5:1, 3.5: 1.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the feedstock comprises:
in some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the raw material providing the milk protein is selected from the group consisting of fresh milk, purified milk, reconstituted milk, milk powder, whey protein powder and whey protein liquid.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the fat-providing material is selected from vegetable fats and oils and animal fats and oils.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the carbohydrate-providing starting material is selected from the group consisting of maltodextrins and maltooligosaccharides.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the nutritional supplement is selected from the group consisting of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and choline.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the mineral is selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, copper, iodine, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and food-acceptable compounds thereof.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the vitamin is selected from vitamin A, vitamin B1Vitamin B2Vitamin B4Vitamin B5Vitamin B6Vitamin B9Vitamin B12Vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin H, vitamin P, vitamin PP, vitamin M, vitamin T and vitamin U.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the amino acid is selected from the group consisting of taurine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and histidine.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the feedstock comprises:
in certain embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the starting material is prepared by steps (i), (ii), (iii) and optionally (iii') as follows:
(i) mixing a milk protein providing raw material, sodium caseinate, an optional carbohydrate providing raw material and an optional water phase to obtain a first mixture;
(ii) mixing a fat-providing material with a phospholipid to obtain a second mixture;
(iii') mixing the various fortifiers to provide a third mixture;
(iii) mixing the first mixture, the second mixture, and optionally the third mixture.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the step of preparing the starting material comprises one or more of the following a to h:
a. in step (i), the temperature of mixing is 30 ℃ to 50 ℃, for example 40 ℃;
b. in the step (i), the mixing time is 10-60 minutes, such as 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, and 50 minutes;
c. in step (ii), the temperature of mixing is 50 ℃ to 70 ℃, for example 60 ℃;
d. in the step (ii), the mixing time is 10 to 90 minutes, such as 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes, 60 minutes, 70 minutes, and 80 minutes;
e. in step (iii'), the mixing is carried out at-0.9 to-0.1 bar, such as-0.8 bar, -0.7bar, -0.6bar, -0.5bar, -0.4bar, -0.3bar, -0.2 bar;
f. in step (iii'), the mixing time is 10 to 60 minutes, for example, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes;
g. in step (iii), the temperature of mixing is 50 ℃ to 70 ℃, for example 60 ℃;
h. in step (iii), the mixing time is 10 to 60 minutes, for example, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 40 minutes, 50 minutes.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, step (2) comprises one or more of the following a to D:
A. the diameter of the spray nozzle for low-temperature spray granulation is 0.1-1.5 mm, such as 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.7mm, 0.9mm, 1.0mm, 1.2mm, 1.4 mm;
B. the spray pressure for low-temperature spray granulation is 180-400 bar, such as 200bar, 220bar, 240bar, 250bar, 270bar, 280bar, 300bar, 310bar, 330bar, 350bar, 360bar, 380bar, 390 bar;
C. the spraying angle of the low-temperature spraying granulation is 60-100 degrees, such as 65 degrees, 70 degrees, 75 degrees, 80 degrees, 85 degrees, 90 degrees, 95 degrees and 98 degrees;
D. liquid nitrogen is used as a low-temperature medium for low-temperature spray granulation.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the spray opening is of a flared configuration, and the spray angle refers to its flare angle.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in the step (3), the solid particles are stacked in a low temperature medium to form a layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 2cm (e.g., 0.2cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 1cm, 1.2cm, 1.5cm, 1.7cm, 2cm, 2.1cm, 2.3cm), and vacuum freeze-dried.
In certain embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in step (3), the cryogenic medium is liquid nitrogen.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in step (3), the solid particles are stacked in a stainless steel container to form a layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 2 cm.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, in step (3), the vacuum freeze-drying is performed under a vacuum degree of 0.5 to 10Pa (e.g., 0.5Pa, 1Pa, 1.5Pa, 2Pa, 3Pa, 4Pa, 5Pa, 6Pa, 8 Pa).
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the vacuum freeze-drying procedure is a procedure conventional in the art.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the vacuum freeze-drying procedure is: the temperature is maintained at-60 ℃ to-40 ℃ (e.g., -50 ℃) for 30 to 80 minutes (e.g., 60 minutes), at a rate of 3 ℃/minute to 8 ℃/minute (e.g., 5 ℃/minute) to-20 ℃ to 0 ℃ (e.g., -10 ℃), at that temperature for 2000 to 4000 minutes (e.g., 3600 minutes), at a rate of 3 ℃/minute to 8 ℃/minute (e.g., 5 ℃/minute) to 10 ℃ to 40 ℃ (e.g., 25 ℃), at that temperature for 200 to 500 minutes (e.g., 300 minutes).
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, prior to step (1), the method further comprises step (1-1): and degassing the raw materials to obtain a degassed material.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, between step (1-1) and step (1), the method further comprises step (1-2): and concentrating the degassed material to obtain a concentrated material.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, between step (1-2) and step (1), the method further comprises step (1-3): and homogenizing the concentrated material to obtain a homogenized material.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, between step (1-3) and step (1), the method further comprises step (1-4): and (5) sterilizing the homogenized material to obtain a sterilized material.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprises one or more of the following 1) to 9):
1) in the step (1-1), the temperature of the degassing treatment is 45 ℃ to 90 ℃, for example, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 78 ℃, 80 ℃ and 85 ℃;
2) in the step (1-1), the pressure of the degassing treatment is-0.1 to-0.01 MPa, for example, -0.09MPa, -0.08MPa, -0.07MPa, -0.06MPa, -0.05MPa, -0.04MPa, -0.03MPa, or-0.02 MPa;
3) in step (1-2), the dry matter content in the concentrated material is 30-50% by weight, e.g. 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%, 42%, 43%, 45%, 47%, 49%;
4) in the step (1-2), concentration is performed by reduced pressure evaporation;
preferably, the reduced pressure evaporation is carried out at 40 ℃ to 75 ℃ (e.g., 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃);
preferably, the evaporation is carried out under reduced pressure at 1 to 5kPa (e.g., 1.5kPa, 2kPa, 2.5kPa, 3kPa, 3.5kPa, 3.7kPa, 4kPa, 4.5kPa, 5 kPa);
5) in the step (1-3), the temperature of the homogenization treatment is 50 ℃ to 90 ℃, for example, 55 ℃, 60 ℃, 65 ℃, 70 ℃, 75 ℃, 80 ℃ and 85 ℃;
6) in the step (1-3), the primary pressure of the homogenization treatment is 10-25 MPa, such as 15MPa, 18MPa, 20MPa, 23 MPa;
7) in the step (1-3), the secondary pressure of the homogenization treatment is 1-9 MPaa, such as 2MPa, 3MPa, 4MPa, 5MPa, 6MPa, 7MPa, 8 MPa;
8) in the step (1-4), the sterilization temperature is 80 ℃ to 120 ℃, for example, 85 ℃, 90 ℃, 95 ℃, 100 ℃, 105 ℃, 110 ℃ and 115 ℃;
9) in the step (1-4), the sterilization time is 100-600 s, such as 200s, 300s, 400s, and 500 s.
In some embodiments of the first aspect of the present invention, the purified milk is prepared by: cleaning fresh milk at 20-40 deg.C, such as 25 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 35 deg.C, 38 deg.C;
preferably, the fresh milk is selected from fresh cow milk, fresh goat milk, fresh deer milk, fresh camel milk and fresh horse milk.
Preferably, the milk is purified by a centrifugal milk purifier;
more preferably, the centrifugal rotation speed is 5000-12000 rpm, such as 6000rpm, 7000rpm, 9000rpm, 11000 rpm;
more preferably, the feed rate is 80% to 95%, e.g. 85%, 90%, 92% of the nominal feed rate of the centrifugal milk cleaner.
The second aspect of the invention relates to milk powder prepared by the method of the first aspect of the invention.
The invention achieves one or more of the following advantages:
1. the milk powder prepared by the method has good dissolubility.
2. The method has high freeze-drying efficiency.
3. The milk powder prepared by the method has long shelf life and long shelf life.
4. The milk powder prepared by the method has good taste.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying examples, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of lyophilized milk powder 1
(1) Sterilizing and purifying fresh milk by a centrifugal milk purifier, wherein the purified milk temperature is 30-35 ℃, the feeding amount is reduced by 12 percent compared with the rated amount, and the centrifugal rotating speed is 8000 rpm to obtain milk liquid for storage and standby;
(2) mixing vitamin A15 g and vitamin B32 g129g of vitamin B2Adding 60g of vitamin C, 6000g of calcium lactate, 100g of ferrous sulfate, 40g of zinc gluconate, 12g of sodium selenite, 400g of choline and 75g of taurine into a vacuum mixing tank, mixing for 30-35 minutes under negative pressure of-0.4 bar to-0.75 bar, adding 5000kg of milk obtained in the step (1), and mixing for 30 minutes at 55-60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;
(3) degassing the mixed material obtained in the step (2) through a degassing tank at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the pressure of-0.05 MPa to obtain a degassed material;
(4) cooling the degassed material obtained in the step (3) to 50-60 ℃, and then performing reduced pressure evaporation at 48-65 ℃ under the condition of 1.5-3 kPa to obtain a concentrated material with the dry matter weight percentage content of 40-42%;
(5) homogenizing the concentrated material obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of the homogenization is 60-70 ℃, the primary pressure of the homogenization is 17-18 MPa, and the secondary pressure of the homogenization is 3-4 MPa, so as to obtain a homogenized material; preserving the temperature of the homogenized material at 95 +/-5 ℃ for 300s for sterilization to obtain a sterilized material;
(6) cooling the sterilized material obtained in the step (5) to 15-19 ℃, injecting the sterilized material into a gas-liquid mixing tank, pumping compressed carbon dioxide into the gas-liquid mixing tank through a gas high-pressure pump, keeping the pressure in the gas-liquid mixing tank at 0.2MPa, and performing gas-liquid mixing at 20 ℃ by using a gas distributor in the tank, wherein the inflation volume of carbon dioxide gas is 3 times that of the sterilized material, so as to obtain a material containing carbon dioxide gas;
(7) injecting a material containing carbon dioxide gas into a spray gun of a liquid nitrogen granulation system, wherein the diameter of a spray nozzle is 2mm, the spray pressure is 150bar, the spray angle is 20 degrees, the sprayed material is rapidly condensed into solid particles in liquid nitrogen, a freeze-drying tray made of 304 stainless steel is adopted to collect the solid particles, and the freeze-drying tray containing the solid particles is placed into a front bin of a vacuum freeze-drying machine;
(8) and (3) paving solid particles in the freeze-drying plate into a laminar object with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm, and drying the solid particles in the plate through a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain the freeze-dried milk powder 1. The degree of vacuum was 1.33Pa, and the vacuum freeze-drying procedure was as shown in Table 1.
(9) And (3) carrying out aseptic nitrogen-filled packaging on the freeze-dried milk powder 1.
TABLE 1
EXAMPLE 2 preparation of lyophilized milk powder 2
(1) Sterilizing and purifying fresh milk by a centrifugal milk purifier, wherein the purified milk temperature is 30-35 ℃, the feeding amount is reduced by 12 percent compared with the rated amount, and the centrifugal rotating speed is 8000 rpm to obtain milk liquid for storage and standby;
(2) mixing vitamin A15 g and vitamin B32 g129g of vitamin B2Adding 60g of vitamin C, 6000g of calcium lactate, 100g of ferrous sulfate, 40g of zinc gluconate, 12g of sodium selenite, 400g of choline and 75g of taurine into a vacuum mixing tank, mixing for 30-35 minutes under negative pressure of-0.4 bar to-0.75 bar, adding 5000kg of milk obtained in the step (1), and mixing for 30 minutes at 55-60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;
(3) degassing the mixed material obtained in the step (2) through a degassing tank at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the pressure of-0.05 MPa to obtain a degassed material;
(4) cooling the degassed material obtained in the step (3) to 50-60 ℃, and then performing reduced pressure evaporation at 48-65 ℃ under the condition of 1.5-3 kPa to obtain a concentrated material with the dry matter weight percentage content of 40-42%;
(5) homogenizing the concentrated material obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of the homogenization is 60-70 ℃, the primary pressure of the homogenization is 17-18 MPa, and the secondary pressure of the homogenization is 3-4 MPa, so as to obtain a homogenized material; preserving the temperature of the homogenized material at 95 +/-5 ℃ for 300s for sterilization to obtain a sterilized material;
(6) cooling the sterilized material obtained in the step (5) to 15-19 ℃, injecting the sterilized material into an inflation liquid mixing tank, pumping compressed air into a gas-liquid mixing tank through a gas high-pressure pump, keeping the pressure in the gas-liquid mixing tank at 0.2MPa, and performing gas-liquid mixing at 20 ℃ by using a gas distributor in the tank, wherein the inflation volume is 3 times of that of the sterilized material, so as to obtain a material containing air;
(7) injecting the air-containing material obtained in the step (6) into a spray gun of a liquid nitrogen granulation system, wherein the diameter of a spray nozzle is 2mm, the spray pressure is 150bar, the spray angle is 20 degrees, the sprayed material is rapidly condensed into solid particles in liquid nitrogen, a freeze-drying tray made of 304 stainless steel is adopted to collect the solid particles, and the freeze-drying tray containing the solid particles is placed into a front bin of a vacuum freeze-drying machine;
(8) and (3) paving the solid particles in the freeze-drying plate into a laminar object with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm, and drying the solid particles in the plate by using a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain the freeze-dried milk powder 2. The degree of vacuum was 1.33Pa, and the vacuum freeze-drying procedure was as shown in Table 1.
(9) And (3) carrying out sterile nitrogen-filled packaging on the freeze-dried milk powder 2.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of lyophilized milk powder 3
(1) Adding 700kg of milk powder, 100kg of whey protein powder, 85kg of maltodextrin, 1kg of sodium caseinate and 667kg of water into a batching tank 1, and mixing for 30 minutes at 40 ℃ to obtain a first mixture; adding 100kg of vegetable oil and 4kg of phospholipid into a mixing tank 2, and mixing for 30 minutes at 55-60 ℃ to obtain a second mixture;
(2) mixing vitamin A22 g and vitamin B47 g143g of vitamin B289g of vitamin C, 8872g of calcium lactate, 148g of ferrous sulfate, 59g of zinc gluconate, 18g of sodium selenite, 591g of choline and 111g of taurine are put into a vacuum mixing tank, mixed for 30 to 35 minutes under negative pressure of-0.4 bar to-0.75 bar, and then the first mixture and the second mixture are added and mixed for 30 minutes at 55 ℃ to 60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;
(3) degassing the mixed material obtained in the step (2) through a degassing tank at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the pressure of-0.05 MPa to obtain a degassed material;
(4) cooling the degassed material obtained in the step (3) to 50-60 ℃, and then performing reduced pressure evaporation at 48-65 ℃ under the condition of 1.5-3 kPa to obtain a concentrated material with the dry matter weight percentage content of 40-42%;
(5) homogenizing the concentrated material obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of the homogenization is 60-70 ℃, the primary pressure of the homogenization is 17-18 MPa, and the secondary pressure of the homogenization is 3-4 MPa, so as to obtain a homogenized material; preserving the temperature of the homogenized material at 95 +/-5 ℃ for 300s for sterilization to obtain a sterilized material;
(6) cooling the sterilized material obtained in the step (5) to 15-19 ℃, injecting the sterilized material into a gas-liquid mixing tank, pumping compressed carbon dioxide into the gas-liquid mixing tank through a gas high-pressure pump, keeping the pressure in the gas-liquid mixing tank at 0.2MPa, and performing gas-liquid mixing at 20 ℃ by using a gas distributor in the tank, wherein the inflation volume of carbon dioxide gas is 3 times that of the sterilized material, so as to obtain a material containing carbon dioxide gas;
(7) injecting a material containing carbon dioxide gas into a spray gun of a liquid nitrogen granulation system, wherein the diameter of a spray nozzle is 2mm, the spray pressure is 150bar, the spray angle is 20 degrees, the sprayed material is rapidly condensed into solid particles in liquid nitrogen, a freeze-drying tray made of 304 stainless steel is adopted to collect the solid particles, and the freeze-drying tray containing the solid particles is placed into a front bin of a vacuum freeze-drying machine;
(8) and (3) paving the solid particles in the freeze-drying plate into a laminar object with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm, and drying the solid particles in the plate by using a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain the freeze-dried milk powder 3. The degree of vacuum was 1.33Pa, and the vacuum freeze-drying procedure was as shown in Table 1.
(9) And (3) carrying out aseptic nitrogen-filled packaging on the freeze-dried milk powder 3.
EXAMPLE 4 preparation of lyophilized milk powder 4
(1) Sterilizing and purifying fresh milk by a centrifugal milk purifier, wherein the purified milk temperature is 30-35 ℃, the feeding amount is reduced by 12 percent compared with the rated amount, and the centrifugal rotating speed is 8000 rpm to obtain milk liquid for storage and standby;
(2) mixing vitamin A15 g and vitamin B32 g129g of vitamin B2Adding 60g of vitamin C, 6000g of calcium lactate, 100g of ferrous sulfate, 40g of zinc gluconate, 12g of sodium selenite, 400g of choline and 75g of taurine into a vacuum mixing tank, mixing for 30-35 minutes under negative pressure of-0.4 bar to-0.75 bar, adding 5000kg of milk obtained in the step (1), and mixing for 30 minutes at 55-60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;
(3) degassing the mixed material obtained in the step (2) through a degassing tank at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the pressure of-0.05 MPa to obtain a degassed material;
(4) cooling the degassed material obtained in the step (3) to 50-60 ℃, and then performing reduced pressure evaporation at 48-65 ℃ under the condition of 1.5-3 kPa to obtain a concentrated material with the dry matter weight percentage content of 40-42%;
(5) homogenizing the concentrated material obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of the homogenization is 60-70 ℃, the primary pressure of the homogenization is 17-18 MPa, and the secondary pressure of the homogenization is 3-4 MPa, so as to obtain a homogenized material; preserving the temperature of the homogenized material at 95 +/-5 ℃ for 300s for sterilization to obtain a sterilized material;
(6) cooling the sterilized material obtained in the step (5) to 15-19 ℃, injecting the sterilized material into a gas-liquid mixing tank, pumping compressed carbon dioxide into the gas-liquid mixing tank through a gas high-pressure pump, keeping the pressure in the gas-liquid mixing tank at 0.2MPa, and performing gas-liquid mixing at 20 ℃ by using a gas distributor in the tank, wherein the inflation volume of carbon dioxide gas is 3 times that of the sterilized material, so as to obtain a material containing carbon dioxide gas;
(7) injecting a material containing carbon dioxide gas into a spray gun of a liquid nitrogen granulation system, wherein the diameter of a spray nozzle is 0.6mm, the spray pressure is 200bar, the spray angle is 90 degrees, the sprayed material is rapidly condensed into solid particles in liquid nitrogen, a freeze-drying tray made of 304 stainless steel is adopted to collect the solid particles, and the freeze-drying tray containing the solid particles is placed into a front bin of a vacuum freeze-drying machine;
(8) and (3) paving the solid particles in the freeze-drying plate into a laminar object with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm, and drying the solid particles in the plate by using a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain freeze-dried milk powder 4. The degree of vacuum was 1.33Pa, and the vacuum freeze-drying procedure was as shown in Table 1.
(9) And (4) carrying out aseptic nitrogen-filled packaging on the freeze-dried milk powder 4.
EXAMPLE 5 preparation of lyophilized milk powder 5
(1) Adding 700kg of milk powder, 100kg of whey protein powder, 85kg of maltodextrin, 1kg of sodium caseinate and 667kg of water into a batching tank 1, and mixing for 30 minutes at 40 ℃ to obtain a first mixture; adding 100kg of vegetable oil and 4kg of phospholipid into a mixing tank 2, and mixing for 30 minutes at 55-60 ℃ to obtain a second mixture;
(2) mixing vitamin A22 g and vitamin B47 g143g of vitamin B289g of vitamin C, 8872g of calcium lactate, 148g of ferrous sulfate, 59g of zinc gluconate, 18g of sodium selenite, 591g of choline and 111g of taurine are put into a vacuum mixing tank, mixed for 30 to 35 minutes under negative pressure of-0.4 bar to-0.75 bar, and then the first mixture and the second mixture are added and mixed for 30 minutes at 55 ℃ to 60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;
(3) degassing the mixed material obtained in the step (2) through a degassing tank at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the pressure of-0.05 MPa to obtain a degassed material;
(4) cooling the degassed material obtained in the step (3) to 50-60 ℃, and then performing reduced pressure evaporation at 48-65 ℃ under the condition of 1.5-3 kPa to obtain a concentrated material with the dry matter weight percentage content of 40-42%;
(5) homogenizing the concentrated material obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of the homogenization is 60-70 ℃, the primary pressure of the homogenization is 17-18 MPa, and the secondary pressure of the homogenization is 3-4 MPa, so as to obtain a homogenized material; preserving the temperature of the homogenized material at 95 +/-5 ℃ for 300s for sterilization to obtain a sterilized material;
(6) cooling the sterilized material obtained in the step (5) to 15-19 ℃, injecting the sterilized material into an inflation liquid mixing tank, pumping compressed carbon dioxide into a gas-liquid mixing tank through a gas high-pressure pump, keeping the pressure in the gas-liquid mixing tank at 0.2MPa, and performing gas-liquid mixing at 20 ℃ by using a gas distributor in the tank, wherein the inflation volume of the carbon dioxide gas is 3 times that of the sterilized material, so as to obtain a material containing carbon dioxide gas;
(7) injecting a material containing carbon dioxide gas into a spray gun of a liquid nitrogen granulation system, wherein the diameter of a spray nozzle is 0.6mm, the spray pressure is 200bar, the spray angle is 90 degrees, the sprayed material is rapidly condensed into solid particles in liquid nitrogen, a freeze-drying tray made of 304 stainless steel is adopted to collect the solid particles, and the freeze-drying tray containing the solid particles is placed into a front bin of a vacuum freeze-drying machine;
(8) and (3) paving the solid particles in the freeze-drying plate into a laminar object with the thickness of 0.5-1 cm, and drying the solid particles in the plate through a vacuum freeze dryer to obtain the freeze-dried milk powder 5. The degree of vacuum was 1.33Pa, and the vacuum freeze-drying procedure was as shown in Table 1.
(9) And (5) carrying out aseptic nitrogen-filled packaging on the freeze-dried milk powder 5.
EXAMPLE 6 preparation of lyophilized milk powder 6
(1) Adding 700kg of milk powder, 100kg of whey protein powder, 85kg of maltodextrin, 1kg of sodium caseinate and 667kg of water into a batching tank 1, and mixing for 30 minutes at 40 ℃ to obtain a first mixture; adding 100kg of vegetable oil and 4kg of phospholipid into a mixing tank 2, and mixing for 30 minutes at 55-60 ℃ to obtain a second mixture;
(2) mixing vitamin A22 g and vitamin B47 g143g of vitamin B289g of vitamin C, 8872g of calcium lactate, 148g of ferrous sulfate, 59g of zinc gluconate, 18g of sodium selenite, 591g of choline and 111g of taurine are put into a vacuum mixing tank, mixed for 30 to 35 minutes under negative pressure of-0.4 bar to-0.75 bar, and then the first mixture and the second mixture are added and mixed for 30 minutes at 55 ℃ to 60 ℃ to obtain a mixed material;
(3) degassing the mixed material obtained in the step (2) through a degassing tank at the temperature of 60-70 ℃ and the pressure of-0.05 MPa to obtain a degassed material;
(4) cooling the degassed material obtained in the step (3) to 50-60 ℃, and then performing reduced pressure evaporation at 48-65 ℃ under the condition of 1.5-3 kPa to obtain a concentrated material with the dry matter weight percentage content of 40-42%;
(5) homogenizing the concentrated material obtained in the step (4), wherein the temperature of the homogenization is 60-70 ℃, the primary pressure of the homogenization is 17-18 MPa, and the secondary pressure of the homogenization is 3-4 MPa, so as to obtain a homogenized material; preserving the temperature of the homogenized material at 95 +/-5 ℃ for 300s for sterilization to obtain a sterilized material;
(6) cooling the sterilized material obtained in the step (5) to 15-19 ℃, injecting the sterilized material into an inflation liquid mixing tank, pumping compressed air into a gas-liquid mixing tank through a gas high-pressure pump, keeping the pressure in the gas-liquid mixing tank at 0.2MPa, and performing gas-liquid mixing at 20 ℃ by using a gas distributor in the tank, wherein the inflation volume is 3 times of that of the sterilized material, so as to obtain a material containing air;
(7) injecting the air-containing material obtained in the step (6) into a spray gun of a liquid nitrogen granulation system, wherein the diameter of a spray nozzle is 0.6mm, the spray pressure is 200bar, the spray angle is 90 degrees, the sprayed material is rapidly condensed into solid particles in liquid nitrogen, a freeze-drying tray made of 304 stainless steel is adopted to collect the solid particles, and the freeze-drying tray containing the solid particles is placed into a front bin of a vacuum freeze-drying machine;
(8) and (3) paving the solid particles in the freeze-drying plate to be 0.5-1 cm thick, and drying the solid particles in the plate through a vacuum freeze-drying machine to obtain freeze-dried milk powder 6. The degree of vacuum was 1.33Pa, and the vacuum freeze-drying procedure was as shown in Table 1.
(9) And (5) carrying out sterile nitrogen-filled packaging on the freeze-dried milk powder 6.
Comparative example 1
The step (6) in the example 1 is omitted, the sterilized material obtained in the step (5) is directly injected into a spray gun of a liquid nitrogen granulation system to carry out the steps (7) to (9), and the rest is the same as the example 1, so that the freeze-dried milk powder A is obtained.
Comparative example 2
The ratio of the volume of carbon dioxide gas to the volume of the sterilization material in the step (6) of example 1 was adjusted to 1:1, and the rest was the same as in example 1, thereby obtaining freeze-dried milk powder B.
Comparative example 3
The solid particles in the freeze-dried dish in the step (8) of example 1 were spread out into a 2.5 cm thick layer, and the rest was the same as in example 1, to obtain freeze-dried milk powder C.
Comparative example 4
Steps (1) to (5) are the same as in example 1;
cooling the sterilization material obtained in the step (5) to 60-70 ℃, carrying out high-pressure spraying through a spray head, fully contacting with clean hot air at 150-180 ℃, exchanging heat, and rapidly evaporating water in the emulsion to rapidly turn the emulsion into spherical powder, and continuously discharging the hot air and water vapor to enable the drying tower to be in a negative pressure environment; and carrying out secondary drying and cooling on the obtained powder by using a fluidized bed, and screening by using a vibrating screen to obtain the milk powder D with uniform granularity.
Test example 1 solubility test
And testing the water solubility of the freeze-dried milk powder 1-6, the freeze-dried milk powder A-C and the milk powder D.
The test method comprises the following steps: the daily consumer usage habits were simulated, using 10% concentration as the test concentration. Adding 10g of milk powder sample into a glass beaker filled with 90g of purified water, keeping the recommended milk powder dissolution temperature at 55 ℃ for dissolution, and beginning to dissolve by only simulating human hand shaking frequency with a shaker at 120 revolutions per minute.
Adding a milk powder sample into purified water, timing until all the blocks are dissipated, and recording as the time consumed for dissolving completely;
pouring all the dissolved liquid on a glass flat plate, and observing the number of visible particles with the particle size of more than 1 mm;
and thirdly, observing the wall hanging condition of the liquid after the dissolution is finished.
The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the solubility of the milk powder prepared by the method of the present invention was better than that of the freeze-dried milk powders A to C. The milk powder prepared by the method of the invention retains more bioactive substances than the milk powder D. Moreover, the gas-liquid mixing treatment, the emulsification treatment and the liquid nitrogen granulation conditions (the diameter of a spray nozzle is 0.6mm, the spray pressure is 200bar, and the spray angle is 90 degrees) adopted by the method are all beneficial to the improvement of the solubility of the milk powder.
Test example 2 examination of Freeze drying efficiency
The water content of the freeze-dried milk powder 1-6 and the water content of the freeze-dried milk powder A-C are detected according to the method of the national standard GB5009.3-2016 'determination of water content in food safety national standard food', and the result is shown in Table 3. Wherein, the lower the water content of the sample, the higher the freeze-drying efficiency; conversely, the lower the lyophilization efficiency.
TABLE 3
| Sample (I) | Water content |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 1 | 2.8 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 2 | 3.0 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 3 | 2.5 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 4 | 2.4 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 5 | 2.2 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 6 | 2.3 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder A | 4.2 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder B | 3.9 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder C | 3.9 |
As can be seen from Table 3, the method of the present invention has higher lyophilization efficiency than the comparative examples 1 to 3. In addition, the gas-liquid mixing treatment, the emulsification treatment and the liquid nitrogen granulation conditions (the diameter of a spray nozzle is 0.6mm, the spray pressure is 200bar, and the spray angle is 90 degrees) adopted by the method are favorable for improving the freeze-drying efficiency.
Test example 3 surface oil content and shelf life investigation
GB5009.6 ' determination of fat in national food safety Standard ' Soxhlet extraction method ' is adopted to determine the surface oil content of freeze-dried milk powder 1-6 and freeze-dried milk powder A-C which are placed for 24 months at normal temperature, and the results are shown in Table 4. Wherein, the higher the surface oil content is, the more easily the product is oxidized and generates unpleasant odor in the shelf life, and the shorter the shelf life of the product is.
TABLE 4
| Sample (I) | Surface oil content |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 1 | 9.8 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 2 | 9.5 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 3 | 4.5 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 4 | 8.9 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 5 | 4.3 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder 6 | 4.7 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder A | 10.2 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder B | 9.9 |
| Freeze-dried milk powder C | 9.6 |
As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the freeze-dried milk powders A to C, the freeze-dried milk powder prepared by the method has lower surface oil content and longer shelf life, and particularly, the freeze-dried milk powders 3 to 6 have obviously lower surface oil content and can obviously prolong the shelf life of products. The gas-liquid mixing treatment, the emulsification treatment and the liquid nitrogen granulation conditions (the diameter of a spray nozzle is 0.6mm, the spray pressure is 200bar, and the spray angle is 90 degrees) adopted by the method are favorable for prolonging the quality guarantee period of the product.
Test example 4 taste evaluation
The taste of the freeze-dried milk powder 1-6, the taste of the freeze-dried milk powder A-C and the taste of the milk powder D are evaluated by 25 professionals, the full score of each index is 10, and the higher the score is, the higher the index evaluation is. The average score and the average total score of each index are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the freeze-dried milk powders A to C and the milk powder D, the average total score of the taste evaluation of the freeze-dried milk powder prepared by the method is higher, the cream taste of the freeze-dried milk powder is stronger than that of the freeze-dried milk powders A to C, and the mouth feel and the fineness are better than that of the milk powder D.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (28)
1. A method of preparing milk powder comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing the raw materials with carbon dioxide gas or air to obtain a mixed material; wherein the raw materials comprise a raw material for providing milk protein, an optional raw material for providing fat, an optional raw material for providing carbohydrate, an optional food additive and optional water, the volume of the gas is 2-10 times of the volume of the raw materials, and the mixing is carried out at 10-30 ℃ and 0.1-1 MPa;
(2) carrying out low-temperature spray granulation on the mixed material to obtain solid particles;
(3) and (4) carrying out vacuum freeze drying on the solid particles to obtain the milk powder.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the mixing is performed by a gas-liquid mixing tank.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise a milk protein providing raw material, a fat providing raw material, an emulsifier, optionally a carbohydrate providing raw material, optionally a nutritional fortifier and optionally water, the emulsifier consisting of phospholipids and sodium caseinate in a weight ratio of (1-4) to 1.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the feedstock comprises:
5. the method of claim 4, wherein the feedstock comprises:
6. a process according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the feedstock is prepared by steps (i), (ii), (iii) and optionally (iii') as follows:
(i) mixing a milk protein providing raw material, sodium caseinate, an optional carbohydrate providing raw material and an optional water phase to obtain a first mixture;
(ii) mixing a fat-providing material with a phospholipid to obtain a second mixture;
(iii') mixing the various fortifiers to provide a third mixture;
(iii) mixing the first mixture, the second mixture, and optionally the third mixture.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized by one or more of the following a to h:
a. in the step (i), the mixing temperature is 30-50 ℃;
b. in the step (i), the mixing time is 10-60 minutes;
c. in the step (ii), the mixing temperature is 50-70 ℃;
d. in the step (ii), the mixing time is 10-90 minutes;
e. in step (iii'), the mixing is carried out at-0.9 to-0.1 bar;
f. in the step (iii'), the mixing time is 10 to 60 minutes;
g. in the step (iii), the mixing temperature is 50-70 ℃;
h. in the step (iii), the mixing time is 10 to 60 minutes.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step (2) is characterized by one or more of the following A to D:
A. the diameter of a spray nozzle for low-temperature spray granulation is 0.1-1.5 mm;
B. the spraying pressure of the low-temperature spraying granulation is 180-400 bar;
C. the spraying angle of the low-temperature spraying granulation is 60-100 ℃;
D. liquid nitrogen is used as a low-temperature medium for low-temperature spray granulation.
9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (3), the solid particles are stacked in a low-temperature medium to form a layer with the thickness of 0.1-2 cm, and vacuum freeze drying is carried out.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (3), the cryogenic medium is liquid nitrogen.
11. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the step (3), the solid particles are stacked in a stainless steel container to form a layer with a thickness of 0.1-2 cm.
12. The method according to claim 9, wherein in the step (3), the vacuum freeze-drying is performed under a vacuum degree of 0.5 to 10 Pa.
13. The method according to claim 9, wherein in step (3), the vacuum freeze-drying procedure is as follows: preserving heat at-60 ℃ to-40 ℃ for 30-80 minutes, increasing the temperature to-20 ℃ to 0 ℃ at the rate of 3 ℃/min to 8 ℃/min, preserving heat at the temperature for 2000-4000 minutes, increasing the temperature to 10 ℃ to 40 ℃ at the rate of 3 ℃/min to 8 ℃/min, and preserving heat at the temperature for 200-500 minutes.
14. The method according to claim 1, wherein, prior to step (1), the method further comprises step (1-1): and degassing the raw materials to obtain a degassed material.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein, between step (1-1) and step (1), the method further comprises step (1-2): and concentrating the degassed material to obtain a concentrated material.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein, between step (1-2) and step (1), the method further comprises step (1-3): and homogenizing the concentrated material to obtain a homogenized material.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein, between step (1-3) and step (1), the method further comprises step (1-4): and (5) sterilizing the homogenized material to obtain a sterilized material.
18. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized by one or more of the following:
1) in the step (1-1), the temperature of the degassing treatment is 45-90 ℃;
2) in the step (1-1), the pressure of the degassing treatment is-0.1 to-0.01 MPa.
19. A method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein in step (1-2) the dry matter content of the concentrated material is between 30% and 50% by weight.
20. The process according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein, in step (1-2), the concentration is carried out by evaporation under reduced pressure.
21. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the temperature of the homogenization treatment in step (1-3) is 50 ℃ to 90 ℃.
22. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the primary pressure of the homogenization treatment in step (1-3) is 10 to 25 MPa.
23. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the secondary pressure of the homogenization treatment in step (1-3) is 1-9 MPa.
24. The method according to claim 17, wherein the sterilization temperature in the step (1-4) is 80 ℃ to 120 ℃.
25. The method according to claim 17, wherein in the step (1-4), the sterilization time is 100-600 s.
26. The method according to claim 20, wherein in the step (1-2), the evaporation under reduced pressure is performed at 40 ℃ to 75 ℃.
27. The method according to claim 20, wherein in the step (1-2), the reduced pressure evaporation is carried out at 1 to 5 kPa.
28. A milk powder made by the method of any one of claims 1 to 27.
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| CN101530129A (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-16 | 张保钢 | Production method of freeze-dried milk powder |
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| CN101530129A (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-09-16 | 张保钢 | Production method of freeze-dried milk powder |
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