CN110808794A - Large-scale phased array calibration system based on dual-channel calibration circuit and control method - Google Patents
Large-scale phased array calibration system based on dual-channel calibration circuit and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110808794A CN110808794A CN201911068566.7A CN201911068566A CN110808794A CN 110808794 A CN110808794 A CN 110808794A CN 201911068566 A CN201911068566 A CN 201911068566A CN 110808794 A CN110808794 A CN 110808794A
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-scale phased array calibration system and a control method based on a double-channel calibration circuit, wherein an antenna unit finishes the radiation and the reception of space electromagnetic signals, a calibration network finishes the calibration of excitation signal power division/synthesis and a TR component to realize the low-noise amplification of echo signals and the amplification of emission excitation signals, and a digital module finishes the digital down-conversion, extraction, filtering and baseband signal generation of the echo signals; the dual-channel calibration circuit completes low-noise amplification of the array surface transmitting coupling signal and amplification of the calibration excitation signal, and completes digital down-conversion, extraction, filtering and generation of the calibration excitation signal of the array surface transmitting coupling signal; and the amplitude-phase calculation unit calculates the amplitude-phase difference among the channels according to the channel amplitude-phase data returned by the array surface digital module and the double-channel calibration circuit in the calibration state, and thereby completes the receiving and transmitting amplitude-phase calibration of each channel of the array surface. The invention simplifies the calibration system and effectively improves the calibration efficiency of the array system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of phased arrays, in particular to a calibration system of an active phased array radar.
Background
Calibration of the antenna is important for engineering solid state active phased arrays. The method can be used for periodically checking the working states of the active antenna and the T/R component and evaluating the performance of the active antenna. The purpose of monitoring is to measure the active device and compare with the expected result to judge whether the active channel is good or bad; the aim of calibration is to make the test result continuously approximate the design original intention of the antenna through closed-loop control.
The calibration method of the active antenna is many, and mainly comprises two modes of external calibration and internal calibration. The method is generally used for factory calibration of the array surface, and the method is difficult to meet the use environment in the normal use process of the antenna array surface; the internal calibration is divided into: the method comprises a front surface mutual coupling calibration method and an internal calibration network monitoring method, wherein the front surface mutual coupling calibration utilizes the mutual coupling among antenna units to realize the amplitude phase measurement and calibration of the front surface, the influence of the mutual coupling coefficient among the array elements, the manufacturing assembly error and the front surface edge effect is comprehensively considered, a certain unit in an array is set to transmit signals, the adjacent units receive the signals, the rest units are closed, and the amplitude phase distribution of the aperture of the array surface can be calculated by utilizing the amplitude and phase data of the measured received signals according to the physical definition of the mutual coupling, so that the method needs great calculation resources, the obtained parameter error is great, and the calibration requirement of the phased array antenna front surface is difficult to meet; the internal calibration network monitoring method requires an antenna array surface to be provided with a calibration channel for generating an excitation signal required by a calibration array surface receiving channel and amplifying a received transmission signal generated by the array surface channel in a calibration transmission state. All active channels of the array surface need to be provided with a calibration coupling feed network at an antenna feed port, and the calibration coupling feed network has the following functions: in the calibration transmitting state, transmitting a transmitting signal of a channel to be calibrated to a calibration channel for receiving through coupling feed, calculating to obtain the transmitting gain and the insertion phase shift of a channel to be measured, and storing and processing; in the calibration receiving state, the calibration channel generates an excitation signal, the excitation signal is transmitted to the calibrated receiving channel through the coupling feed network, the transmitting gain and the insertion phase shift of the measured channel are obtained through calculation, and storage and processing are carried out. The scheme needs to add a complex coupling feed network on the antenna array surface and add a separate calibration channel, thereby improving the complexity of the system.
Conventional phased array, the calibration port and the multiplexing of radiation port of calibration network, the radiation port of every antenna radiating element at the antenna array face increases the coupler promptly, low band broadband coupler size is great, it divides network composite design to be difficult to realize the calibration merit, the calibration problem of array face system is especially important when the array face is designed this moment, the calibration circuit system of present stage need promote the adaptability to radar system, improve calibration efficiency, need a new calibration system to solve the problem of array face calibration urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a large-scale phased array calibration system and a control method based on a dual-channel calibration circuit, which mainly aim at the calibration design of multiple active channels of a large-scale active phased array radar.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a large-scale phased array calibration system based on a dual-channel calibration circuit comprises two sub-array surfaces, the dual-channel calibration circuit and an amplitude and phase calculation unit;
the splitting plane comprises a plurality of antenna units, a calibration network for completing calibration of excitation signal power splitting/synthesis, TR components with the number of channels equal to that of the antenna units, and a digital module with the corresponding number of channels;
the system comprises an antenna unit, a calibration network, a TR component, a digital module and a baseband signal processing unit, wherein the antenna unit is used for completing radiation and reception of space electromagnetic signals, the calibration network is used for completing calibration excitation signal power division/synthesis, the TR component is used for realizing low-noise amplification of echo signals and amplification of emission excitation signals, and the digital module is used for completing digital down-conversion, extraction, filtering and baseband signal generation of the echo signals;
the ports of the TR component and the passive antenna array surface are interconnected, and comprise radiation ports and calibration ports, the radiation ports are interconnected with corresponding antenna units, and the calibration ports are interconnected with a calibration network for completing calibration excitation signal power division/synthesis;
the calibration network comprises a common port (a combining port of the power dividing network) and a plurality of calibration ports (the number of the calibration ports is consistent with that of the TR components).
A calibration port of the TR component corresponds to a load selection switch, and when the component is in a transmitting calibration state, except for the calibrated component, the other components are in a load state selected by the switch, so that a signal transmitted by the component is ensured to be kept in a matching state after being subjected to power division action of a calibration network; when the component is in a calibration state, the load selection switch is switched to a single-pole four-throw switch, and the load selection switch is used for selecting a corresponding channel to be calibrated; the port of each channel of the assembly, which is interconnected with the radiating end of the antenna, is connected with a coupler, and the function of the coupler comprises that: (1) in the transmitting state, the power coupling output is used for transmitting power real-time BIT detection; (2) in the transmitting calibration state, coupling of a transmitting signal to a calibration channel is completed, and finally, calibration of the transmitting channel is realized; (3) and in the receiving calibration state, completing the coupling input of the receiving calibration signal, and finally realizing the calibration of the receiving channel. The output of each coupler coupling end is connected with a single-pole double-throw switch, two output ends are respectively connected with the input ends of a single-pole four-throw switch of a power failure detection circuit and a calibration channel, the switch is communicated with the power failure detection circuit during normal operation, and the switch is communicated with the calibration channel when the transmitting and receiving calibration operation is started;
the dual-channel calibration circuit comprises two identical calibration transceiving channels and comprises an analog transceiving circuit and a digital transceiving circuit, wherein the analog transceiving circuit completes low-noise amplification of a transmitting coupling signal of a front surface and amplification of a calibration excitation signal; the digital transceiving circuit completes the generation of the digital down-conversion, extraction, filtering and calibration excitation signals of the transmitting coupling signals of the array surface.
And the amplitude and phase calculation unit calculates the amplitude and phase difference among the channels according to the channel amplitude and phase data returned by the array surface digital module and the double-channel calibration circuit in the calibration state, and thereby completes the receiving and transmitting amplitude and phase calibration of each channel of the array surface.
The invention also provides a control method of the large-scale phased array calibration system based on the dual-channel calibration circuit, which comprises the following specific steps:
in an internal field receiving calibration state, two paths of transmitting signals with power less than 1W are simultaneously generated by a two-channel calibration circuit and transmitted to calibration networks of two sub-array surfaces through two coaxial cables, input signals are divided and transmitted to calibration ports of TR components of the sub-array surfaces through the calibration networks, the calibration ports are switched to a single-pole four-throw switch at the same time, corresponding channels to be calibrated are selected, the input signals received by the calibration ports are coupled to receiving channels of the TR components through couplers, power low-noise amplification is achieved through the receiving channels, the amplified signals are transmitted to a digital module, amplitude phase information of the channels to be calibrated is extracted after sampling, extraction and filtering processing, the amplitude phase information is transmitted to an amplitude phase calculation unit, and amplitude phase differences of the channels are obtained through the amplitude phase calculation unit;
in an internal field emission calibration state, two paths of excitation generated by a certain channel (assumed channel number is 1) of a certain component (assumed component number is 1) of one of the array planes and a certain channel (calibrated channel) of a certain component (assumed component number is 1) of the other array plane are respectively transmitted to a public port of a network through the transmission action of a calibration power distribution network of the two array planes, and then are respectively transmitted to two receiving channels of a calibration component through two coaxial cables, the receiving channels sample, extract and filter the received two paths of signals, extract amplitude phase information of each channel to be calibrated, transmit the amplitude phase information to an amplitude phase calculation unit, and obtain the amplitude phase difference of each channel through the amplitude phase calculation unit. The two component transceiving switches for calibration are switched to a transmitting state, the single-pole four-throw switch is switched to a transmitting channel needing to be calibrated, and at the moment, except for the component generating the excitation signal, the other components control and switch the load selection switch to a load state, so that the stability of network transmission calibration is ensured, and the power supply of the other transmitting channels is closed;
according to the steps, after calibration of all transmitting channels of the sub-array surface to be measured is completed in sequence, calibration of transmitting channels of all channels (except the channel 1 of the component No. 1) of another sub-array surface is completed in sequence by using a certain channel (assuming that the channel number is 2) of a certain component (assuming that the component number is 2) of the calibrated array surface.
The invention has the advantages that the large-scale phased array calibration system based on the dual-channel calibration circuit is adopted, and the two calibration channels are adopted, so that the calibration process can be simplified, the calibration system is simplified, and particularly the design of a calibration network is simplified. Conventional phased array, the calibration port and the multiplexing of radiation port of calibration network, the radiation port of every antenna radiation unit at the antenna array face increases the coupler promptly, low band broadband coupler size is great, it divides network composite design to be difficult to realize the calibration merit, integrate into the TR subassembly with the coupler, then need introduce calibration mouth and single-pole four-throw switch, at this moment, utilize two calibration channels can effectively promote the calibration efficiency of array face system, simplify system design, the calibration network only need accomplish the function of power distribution this moment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a large-scale phased array calibration system based on a dual-channel calibration circuit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
A large-scale phased array calibration system based on a dual-channel calibration circuit comprises two sub-array surfaces, the dual-channel calibration circuit and an amplitude and phase calculation unit.
The partial front comprises: the device comprises a plurality of antenna units, a calibration network for completing calibration of excitation signal power division/synthesis, TR components with the number of channels equal to that of the antenna units, and digital modules with the corresponding number of channels.
The system comprises an antenna unit, a calibration network, a TR component, a digital module and a baseband signal processing unit, wherein the antenna unit is used for completing radiation and reception of space electromagnetic signals, the calibration network is used for completing calibration excitation signal power division/synthesis, the TR component is used for realizing low-noise amplification of echo signals and amplification of emission excitation signals, and the digital module is used for completing digital down-conversion, extraction, filtering and baseband signal generation of the echo signals;
the ports of the TR component and the passive antenna array surface are interconnected, the ports comprise radiation ports and calibration ports, the radiation ports are interconnected with corresponding antenna units, and the calibration ports are interconnected with a calibration network for completing calibration excitation signal power division/synthesis.
The calibration network comprises a common port (a combining port of the power dividing network) and a plurality of calibration ports (the number of the calibration ports is consistent with that of the TR components).
A calibration port of the TR component corresponds to a load selection switch, and when the component is in a transmitting calibration state, except for the calibrated component, the other components are in a load state selected by the switch, so that a signal transmitted by the component is ensured to be kept in a matching state after being subjected to power division action of a calibration network; when the component is in a calibration state, the load selection switch is switched to a single-pole four-throw switch, and the load selection switch is used for selecting a corresponding channel to be calibrated; the port of each channel of the assembly, which is interconnected with the radiating end of the antenna, is connected with a coupler, and the function of the coupler comprises that: (1) in the transmitting state, the power coupling output is used for transmitting power real-time BIT detection; (2) in the transmitting calibration state, coupling of a transmitting signal to a calibration channel is completed, and finally, calibration of the transmitting channel is realized; (3) and in the receiving calibration state, completing the coupling input of the receiving calibration signal, and finally realizing the calibration of the receiving channel. The output of each coupler coupling end is connected with a single-pole double-throw switch, two output ends are respectively connected with the input ends of a single-pole four-throw switch of a power failure detection circuit and a calibration channel, the switch is communicated with the power failure detection circuit during normal operation, and the switch is communicated with the calibration channel when the transmitting and receiving calibration operation is started;
the dual-channel calibration circuit comprises two identical calibration transceiving channels and comprises an analog transceiving circuit and a digital transceiving circuit, wherein the analog transceiving circuit completes low-noise amplification of a transmitting coupling signal of a front surface and amplification of a calibration excitation signal; the digital transceiving circuit completes the generation of the digital down-conversion, extraction, filtering and calibration excitation signals of the transmitting coupling signals of the array surface.
The amplitude and phase calculation unit mainly completes the channel amplitude and phase data returned by the array surface digital module and the double-channel calibration circuit in a calibration state, calculates the amplitude and phase difference among the channels, and completes the receiving and transmitting amplitude and phase calibration of each channel of the array surface.
In an internal field receiving calibration state, two paths of transmitting signals with power less than 1W are simultaneously generated by a two-channel calibration circuit and transmitted to calibration networks of two sub-array surfaces through two coaxial cables, input signals are divided and transmitted to calibration ports of TR components of the sub-array surfaces through the calibration networks, the calibration ports are switched to a single-pole four-throw switch at the same time, corresponding channels to be calibrated are selected, the input signals received by the calibration ports are coupled to receiving channels of the TR components through couplers, power low-noise amplification is achieved through the receiving channels, the amplified signals are transmitted to a digital module, amplitude phase information of the channels to be calibrated is extracted after sampling, extraction and filtering processing, the amplitude phase information is transmitted to an amplitude phase calculation unit, and amplitude phase differences of the channels are obtained through the amplitude phase calculation unit;
in an internal field emission calibration state, two paths of excitation generated by a certain channel (assumed channel number is 1) of a certain component (assumed component number is 1) of one of the array planes and a certain channel (calibrated channel) of a certain component (assumed component number is 1) of the other array plane are respectively transmitted to a public port of a network through the transmission action of a calibration power distribution network of the two array planes, and then are respectively transmitted to two receiving channels of a calibration component through two coaxial cables, the receiving channels sample, extract and filter the received two paths of signals, extract amplitude phase information of each channel to be calibrated, transmit the amplitude phase information to an amplitude phase calculation unit, and obtain the amplitude phase difference of each channel through the amplitude phase calculation unit. The two component transceiving switches for calibration are switched to a transmitting state, the single-pole four-throw switch is switched to a transmitting channel needing to be calibrated, and at the moment, except for the component generating the excitation signal, the other components control and switch the load selection switch to a load state, so that the stability of network transmission calibration is ensured, and the power supply of the other transmitting channels is closed;
after the calibration of all the transmitting channels of the sub-array surface to be measured is completed in sequence according to the steps, the transmitting channels of all the channels (except the channel 1 of the component No. 1) of the other sub-array surface are calibrated in sequence according to the steps by using a certain channel (assuming that the channel number is 2) of a certain component (assuming that the component number is 2) of which the calibration of the sub-array surface is completed.
A large-scale phased array calibration system based on a dual-channel calibration circuit adopts two calibration channels, can simplify the calibration flow, and simplifies the calibration system, especially the design of a calibration network. Conventional phased array, the calibration port and the multiplexing of radiation port of calibration network, the radiation port of every antenna radiation unit at the antenna array face increases the coupler promptly, low band broadband coupler size is great, it divides network composite design to be difficult to realize the calibration merit, integrate into the TR subassembly with the coupler, then need introduce calibration mouth and single-pole four-throw switch, at this moment, utilize two calibration channels can effectively promote the calibration efficiency of array face system, simplify system design, the calibration network only need accomplish the function of power distribution this moment.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a large-scale phased array calibration system based on binary channels calibration circuit which characterized in that:
the large-scale phased array calibration system based on the dual-channel calibration circuit comprises two sub-array surfaces, the dual-channel calibration circuit and an amplitude and phase calculation unit;
the splitting plane comprises a plurality of antenna units, a calibration network for completing calibration of excitation signal power splitting/synthesis, TR components with the number of channels equal to that of the antenna units, and a digital module with the corresponding number of channels;
the system comprises an antenna unit, a calibration network, a TR component, a digital module and a baseband signal processing unit, wherein the antenna unit is used for completing radiation and reception of space electromagnetic signals, the calibration network is used for completing calibration excitation signal power division/synthesis, the TR component is used for realizing low-noise amplification of echo signals and amplification of emission excitation signals, and the digital module is used for completing digital down-conversion, extraction, filtering and baseband signal generation of the echo signals;
the ports of the TR component and the passive antenna array surface are interconnected, and comprise radiation ports and calibration ports, the radiation ports are interconnected with corresponding antenna units, and the calibration ports are interconnected with a calibration network for completing calibration excitation signal power division/synthesis;
the calibration network comprises a common port and a plurality of calibration ports;
a calibration port of the TR component corresponds to a load selection switch, and when the component is in a transmitting calibration state, except for the calibrated component, the other components are in a load state selected by the switch, so that a signal transmitted by the component is ensured to be kept in a matching state after being subjected to power division action of a calibration network; when the component is in a calibration state, the load selection switch is switched to a single-pole four-throw switch, and the load selection switch is used for selecting a corresponding channel to be calibrated; the port of each channel of the assembly, which is interconnected with the radiating end of the antenna, is connected with a coupler, and the function of the coupler comprises that: (1) in the transmitting state, the power coupling output is used for transmitting power real-time BIT detection; (2) in the transmitting calibration state, coupling of a transmitting signal to a calibration channel is completed, and finally, calibration of the transmitting channel is realized; (3) in the receiving and calibrating state, completing the coupling input of a receiving and calibrating signal, and finally realizing the calibration of a receiving channel; the output of each coupler coupling end is connected with a single-pole double-throw switch, two output ends are respectively connected with the input ends of a single-pole four-throw switch of a power failure detection circuit and a calibration channel, the switch is communicated with the power failure detection circuit during normal operation, and the switch is communicated with the calibration channel when the transmitting and receiving calibration operation is started;
the dual-channel calibration circuit comprises two identical calibration transceiving channels and comprises an analog transceiving circuit and a digital transceiving circuit, wherein the analog transceiving circuit completes low-noise amplification of a transmitting coupling signal of a front surface and amplification of a calibration excitation signal; the digital transceiving circuit completes the generation of the array surface transmitting coupling signal digital down-conversion, extraction, filtering and calibration excitation signals;
and the amplitude and phase calculation unit calculates the amplitude and phase difference among the channels according to the channel amplitude and phase data returned by the array surface digital module and the double-channel calibration circuit in the calibration state, and thereby completes the receiving and transmitting amplitude and phase calibration of each channel of the array surface.
2. A control method for a large-scale phased array calibration system based on a dual-channel calibration circuit according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
in an internal field receiving calibration state, two paths of transmitting signals with power less than 1W are simultaneously generated by a two-channel calibration circuit and transmitted to calibration networks of two sub-array surfaces through two coaxial cables, input signals are divided and transmitted to calibration ports of TR components of the sub-array surfaces through the calibration networks, the calibration ports are switched to a single-pole four-throw switch at the same time, corresponding channels to be calibrated are selected, the input signals received by the calibration ports are coupled to receiving channels of the TR components through couplers, power low-noise amplification is achieved through the receiving channels, the amplified signals are transmitted to a digital module, amplitude phase information of the channels to be calibrated is extracted after sampling, extraction and filtering processing, the amplitude phase information is transmitted to an amplitude phase calculation unit, and amplitude phase differences of the channels are obtained through the amplitude phase calculation unit;
in an internal field emission calibration state, two paths of excitation generated by a certain channel of a certain component of one of the array planes and a certain channel of a certain component of the other array plane in a time-sharing manner are respectively transmitted to a public port of a network through the transmission action of a calibration power distribution network of the two array planes, and then are respectively transmitted to two receiving channels of a calibration component through two coaxial cables, the receiving channels sample, extract and filter the received two paths of signals, extract amplitude phase information of each channel to be calibrated, transmit the amplitude phase information to an amplitude phase calculation unit, and obtain the amplitude phase difference of each channel through the amplitude phase calculation unit; the two component transceiving switches for calibration are switched to a transmitting state, the single-pole four-throw switch is switched to a transmitting channel needing to be calibrated, and at the moment, except for the component generating the excitation signal, the other components control and switch the load selection switch to a load state, so that the stability of network transmission calibration is ensured, and the power supply of the other transmitting channels is closed;
according to the steps, after calibration of all transmitting channels of the sub array surface to be measured is completed in sequence, calibration of transmitting channels of all channels of another array surface is completed in sequence by using a certain channel of a certain component of the calibrated array surface.
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