CN110808730A - Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor - Google Patents
Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110808730A CN110808730A CN201911098542.6A CN201911098542A CN110808730A CN 110808730 A CN110808730 A CN 110808730A CN 201911098542 A CN201911098542 A CN 201911098542A CN 110808730 A CN110808730 A CN 110808730A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mct
- resistor
- current
- inductor
- circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/04—Modifications for accelerating switching
Landscapes
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of electronics, and particularly relates to a direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on a cathode short-circuit grid-controlled thyristor. The invention mainly comprises a first DC power supply (V)1) And a load (Z)L) And a first CS-MCT (T)1) The main loop is composed of a first diode (D)1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) And a third CS-MCT (T)3) First resistance (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) The current conversion circuit comprises a current conversion circuit consisting of a current conversion capacitor (C), an inductor (L) and a third resistor (R), a monitoring unit consisting of a Hall current sensor and a voltage comparator and a grid control unit. The method is characterized in that: the rapid interruption of the fault current can be achieved by using a CS-MCT with low on-resistance, high di/dt capability as a semiconductor switch in combination with a monitoring unit and a gate control unit. Compared with the traditional solid-state circuit breaker, the solid-state short-circuiting device based on the CS-MCT has the advantages of low power consumption and high response speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductors, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on a Cathode Short-circuit gate-Controlled Thyristor (CS-MCT for Short).
Background
With the rapid development of economic society, the demand of various energy sources is continuously increased. Among them, electric energy is used as "blood" in the information-based era nowadays, and advances in the economic and technological levels are promoted. Meanwhile, the user puts forward a plurality of new requirements on the power system, such as environment friendliness, improvement of safety and reliability, better quality and economy, support of bidirectional interaction between the user and the power grid, and the like. At present, renewable clean energy based on photovoltaic, wind, electricity as representative is attracting attention due to less environmental cost. In order to more fully and flexibly utilize the clean energy to meet the demand of load increase, reduce environmental pollution, improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy and the like, direct current transmission (distribution) networks are produced and rapidly developed. Compared with the traditional alternating current power transmission (distribution) network, the direct current power transmission (distribution) network not only can interconnect the renewable energy sources and the traditional energy sources in a wide area, fully improves the utilization rate of the renewable energy sources, but also can reduce the line loss, increase the transmission capacity and the transmission distance, and simultaneously solves the problem of stability of synchronous operation of the system.
However, since the system impedance of the dc transmission (distribution) network is small, once a fault short circuit occurs, the current rises quickly and the peak value is high, which is very easy to damage the safety of the system. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional alternating current transmission (distribution) power, the direct current transmission (distribution) power network lacks voltage zero crossing points, so that the short-circuit fault is difficult to effectively eliminate. The above situations all put higher requirements on various performances of the direct current circuit breaker. A traditional Mechanical Circuit Breaker (MCB) generates an electric arc in a fault interruption process, so that a contact head is ablated and the service life of the contact head is influenced; meanwhile, the MCB has long corresponding time and is difficult to meet the speed requirement under the direct current application. With the development of the semiconductor industry, Solid State Circuit Breakers (SSCBs) based on power semiconductor devices are receiving attention due to advantages of short response time, longer lifetime, and convenience for intelligent monitoring.
However, the main disadvantage of the SSCB is the large power consumption compared to the MCB. The power consumption of the SSCB mainly comes from the conduction power consumption of the power device. Currently, the mainstream of the SSCB mainly uses an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) as a switching device, but when the IGBT is turned on, due to the existence of a reverse biased PN junction on the emitter side, the turn-on voltage drop is large. In addition, thyristors (SCRs) with low turn-on voltage drops are also used in SSCB applications. However, since the thyristor is a current control device, the driving and protection design is complicated. SiC, GaN based wide bandgap semiconductor devices have low on-state power consumption, but their application is limited by device reliability and cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a high-efficiency direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on a cathode short-circuit grid-controlled thyristor (CS-MCT). Due to the fact that the thyristor structure with the short-circuited cathode exists inside the CS-MCT, the CS-MCT has small conducting voltage drop. The invention realizes the direct current solid-state circuit breaker with low power consumption, high response speed, low cost and small volume by utilizing the silicon-based power device with simple driving, low conduction power consumption and high reliability and matching the circuit breaker topology with simple structure and the driving strategy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a high-efficiency direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on CS-MCT, wherein the topological structure of the circuit breaker is shown in figure 1; the circuit breaker comprises a main circuit, a current conversion circuit, a monitoring unit and a grid control unit. The main circuit comprises a DC power supply (V)1) And a load (Z)L) And a first CS-MCT (T)1) (ii) a The commutation loop comprises a diode (D)1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) And a third CS-MCT (T)3) First resistance (R)1) And a second resistance (R)2) A commutation capacitor (C), an inductor (L) and a third resistor (R); the monitoring unit comprises a Hall current sensor and a voltage comparator. The method is characterized in that: the first CS-MCT (T)1) Is connected to a direct current power supply (V)1) Anode and diode (D)1) The anode of (1); the first CS-MCT (T)1) Is connected to a load (Z)L) One end of (a); the other end of the load is connected to a direct current power supply (V)1) The negative electrode of (1); the first resistor (R)1) Are respectively connected with a diode (D)1) And a second CS-MCT (T)2) Are connected together; said firstResistance (R)1) And the other end of the first inductor (L) and the third CS-MCT (T) are respectively connected with one end of the inductor (L) and the third inductor (L)3) Are connected together; the other end of the inductor (L) is connected with one end of a third resistor (R); the other end of the third resistor (R) is connected with one end of a commutation capacitor (C), and the other end of the commutation capacitor (C) is respectively connected with a second CS-MCT (T)2) Cathode, second resistance (R)2) Are connected together at one end; the other end of the second resistor is connected with the third CS-MCT (T)3) Are connected together to a first DC power supply V1A negative electrode; the main loop current line passes through the Hall current sensor; the output end of the Hall current sensor is connected to the input end of the voltage comparator; the comparison voltage VTThe other input end of the voltage comparator is connected; the output end of the voltage comparator is connected to the input end of the grid control unit; the output end of the grid control unit is connected to a first CS-MCT (T)1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) And a third CS-MCT (T)3) On the gate electrode.
Further, the gate control unit may control the first CS-MCT (T) according to a comparison result between the output signal of the current monitoring unit and an internally preset trigger protection signal1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) And a third CS-MCT (T)3) And (5) controlling. And the preset trigger protection signal can be set according to specific application occasions.
Furthermore, the circuit topology adopted by the invention is compact, only fewer passive devices and power devices are needed, and the converter capacitor C can be pre-charged by the direct-current power supply of the main loop without an additional charging power supply, so that the cost and the volume of the circuit breaker are greatly reduced.
Furthermore, the commutation loop of the invention can trigger circuit protection by only one signal, and greatly simplifies the complexity of a monitoring unit and a grid control unit, and improves the response speed of the power circuit breaker and the reliability of breaking current by combining the voltage control characteristic of the CS-MCT.
Furthermore, the CS-MCT adopted by the invention has extremely high di/dt capability and extremely low conduction voltage drop, and can greatly optimize the efficiency of the circuit breaker and reduce the breaking time.
The circuit breaker has the advantages that the circuit breaker has lower power loss, and compared with a circuit breaker based on a thyristor, the circuit breaker has a more compact circuit, simpler driving control and faster response speed; compared with a circuit breaker based on a wide-bandgap device, the circuit breaker has higher reliability and lower cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit topology diagram of a high-efficiency dc breaker based on CS-MCT in the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operating waveforms of the circuit breaker of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a CS-MCT according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of withstand voltage test of CS-MCT;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of forward conduction tests for CS-MCT and several mainstream semiconductor devices with similar current ratings;
fig. 6 is a test chart of transient characteristics of the circuit breaker of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the circuit topology of the CS-MCT-based bidirectional dc circuit breaker of the present invention includes a main circuit, a commutation circuit, a monitoring unit, and a gate control unit. The basic working principle of the circuit is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 2, when the DC system is in normal operation, T1In the on state, T2And T3In an off state; the current flows through the main circuit on the one hand and through V on the other hand1-D1-R1-L-R-C-R2The loop pre-charges the up and V of the converter capacitor C1The same voltage, the voltage polarity is right positive and left negative. When a short-circuit fault occurs on the load side, the short-circuit current of the main circuit will rise sharply, and the rising rate depends on the direct-current power supply voltage and the short-circuit impedance. At the same time, the output voltage signal of the Hall current sensor is increased due to the rising of the main loop current.When the voltage value is increased to exceed the preset voltage value, the grid driving module is triggered to work, and T is closed1And simultaneously turn on T2And T3. So that the commutation capacitor C passes through the loop C-R-L-T3-T1-D1-T2Discharge, this current flows through T1In the opposite direction to the short circuit current. Since the rate of rise of the discharge current is larger than that of the short-circuit current, T is forced1The current above drops to zero, so T1The device can be naturally shut down, and effectively and quickly cut off the fault. T is1After the circuit is switched off, the converter capacitor C passes through a loop C-R-L-T3-V1-D1-T2Resonance is performed. Until the current on the loop drops to T2And T3Maximum current-off capability, then T2And T3And (6) turning off. After that, the commutation capacitor C passes through the loop V1-D1-R1-L-R-C-R2Recharging the DC power supply V1The same voltage, the polarity of which is positive right and negative left, is prepared for the next open circuit protection.
During normal operation of the system, most of the power consumption generated on the circuit breaker is conducted power consumption and driving power consumption from the solid-state switching device. There is therefore a need to improve the efficiency of circuit breakers by optimizing the power consumption of solid state switching devices. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of CS-MCT. The CS-MCT has a simpler driving circuit than a flow controlled device (e.g., SCR) because of the voltage controlled nature of the insulated gate. Meanwhile, the CS-MCT internally has a parasitic thyristor structure which is triggered to be turned on when the CS-MCT is conducted, so that the CS-MCT has low-resistance characteristic when being conducted. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the withstand voltage test of CS-MCT. It was found that the withstand voltage of CS-MCT reached 1348V. Figure 5 is a graph comparing the turn-on characteristics of CS-MCT and several commercially available mainstream devices with similar current ratings. Under the condition that the conduction current is 25A, the conduction voltage drop of a 1200V/25A IGBT (IKW25N120T2) is 1.7V, the conduction voltage drop of a 1200V/26A silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET (IMW120R060M1H) is 1.5V, and the conduction voltage drop of a 1200V/25A thyristor (TN4050-12PI) is 1.3V. The conduction voltage drop of the CS-MCT adopted by the invention is only 1.1V, which is lower than that of the plurality of commercial mainstream semiconductor devices. This means that CS-MCT based dc solid state breakers have higher efficiency. Fig. 6 shows transient test results of the dc solid-state circuit breaker of the present invention when the dc voltage is 600V, and it can be seen that the circuit breaker of the present invention can cut off the fault current in a time of the order of microseconds, which confirms the feasibility of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on a cathode short-circuit grid-controlled thyristor is characterized by comprising a first direct current power supply (V)1) Load (Z)L) First CS-MCT (T)1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) A third CS-MCT (T)3) A first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R)2) A third resistor (R), a commutation capacitor (C), an inductor (L) and a diode (D)1) The Hall current sensor and the voltage comparator;
the first CS-MCT (T)1) Is connected to a direct current power supply (V)1) Anode and diode (D)1) First CS-MCT (T)1) Is connected to a load (Z)L) One end of (a); the other end of the load is connected to a DC power supply (V)1) The negative electrode of (1); the first resistor (R)1) Are respectively connected with a diode (D)1) And a second CS-MCT (T)2) Is connected to the anode of a first resistor (R)1) And the other end of the first inductor (L) and the third CS-MCT (T) are respectively connected with one end of the inductor (L) and the third inductor (L)3) The anode of (2) is connected; the other end of the inductor (L) is connected with one end of a third resistor (R), the other end of the third resistor (R) is connected with one end of a commutation capacitor (C), and the other end of the commutation capacitor (C) is respectively connected with a second CS-MCT (T)2) Cathode, second resistance (R)2) Is connected with one end of the connecting rod; the second resistor (R)2) And the other end of (a) is connected with a third CS-MCT (T)3) Are connected together to a first DC power supply V1A negative electrode; first CS-MCT (T)1) And a load (Z)L) The output end of the Hall current sensor is connected to one input end of a voltage comparator, and the other input end of the voltage comparator is connected with a comparison voltage VTThe output terminal of the voltage comparator is connected to the grid controlAn input of the system unit; the output of the gate control unit is connected to a first CS-MCT (T)1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) And a third CS-MCT (T)3) A gate electrode of (1);
DC power supply (V)1) Load (Z)L) And a first CS-MCT (T)1) Form the main loop, i.e. the first CS-MCT (T) during normal operation1) In a conducting state;
diode (D)1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) A third CS-MCT (T)3) A first resistor (R)1) A second resistor (R)2) The commutation capacitor (C), the inductor (L) and the third resistor (R) form a commutation loop, and the commutation loop is used for passing through a direct current power supply (V) in a normal working state1) Diode (D)1) A first resistor (R)1) An inductor (L), a third resistor (R), a commutation capacitor (C) and a second resistor (R)2) The circuit formed pre-charges the converter capacitor (C) and the DC power supply (V)1) The same voltage;
the Hall current sensor is used for detecting the current of the main loop, when the current of the main loop rises, the output voltage signal of the Hall current sensor increases, and the Hall current sensor and a preset comparison voltage V are connected through the voltage comparatorTComparing, when the output voltage of the Hall current sensor exceeds the preset comparison voltage VTTriggering the grid driving module to work;
the gate drive module is used for controlling the first CS-MCT (T)1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) And a third CS-MCT (T)3) Will turn off the first CS-MCT (T) after the gate driving module is triggered1) And turns on the second CS-MCT (T)2) And a third CS-MCT (T)3) At the moment, the commutation loop passes through a commutation capacitor (C), a third resistor (R), an inductor (L) and a third CS-MCT (T)3) First CS-MCT (T)1) Diode (D)1) And a second CS-MCT (T)2) The circuit is discharged, and a discharge current flows through the first CS-MCT (T)1) In the opposite direction to the short circuit current.
2. According to the rightThe high-efficiency direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on the cathode short-circuit grid-controlled thyristor according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the grid control unit compares the first CS-MCT (T) according to the comparison result of the output signal of the current monitoring unit and an internally preset trigger protection signal1) A second CS-MCT (T)2) And a third CS-MCT (T)3) And (5) controlling.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911098542.6A CN110808730B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911098542.6A CN110808730B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110808730A true CN110808730A (en) | 2020-02-18 |
| CN110808730B CN110808730B (en) | 2021-03-30 |
Family
ID=69502045
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911098542.6A Active CN110808730B (en) | 2019-11-12 | 2019-11-12 | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110808730B (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112311366A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-02 | 电子科技大学 | Isolated bidirectional direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
| CN112803373A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-05-14 | 株洲中车时代半导体有限公司 | Power semiconductor device protection circuit, control method, storage medium, and apparatus |
| CN114448408A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-06 | 电子科技大学 | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5640300A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-06-17 | Harris Corporation | Interrupter circuit with MCTS and pulse resonant commutation for rapidly switching off kilo-AMP AC load currents |
| CN100590973C (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-02-17 | 西门子公司 | Electronic switching device, in particular circuit-breaker and associated operating method |
| CN106159881A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2016-11-23 | Ls产电株式会社 | Dc circuit breaker and the method using dc circuit breaker |
| CN107370119A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-21 | 上海交通大学 | Solid-state direct-current breaker and its control method based on capacitance energy storage |
| CN107592101A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of DC solid circuit breaker based on negative electrode short circuit grid-controlled transistor |
| CN108233897A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-29 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of pulse forming network based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled transistor |
-
2019
- 2019-11-12 CN CN201911098542.6A patent/CN110808730B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5640300A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-06-17 | Harris Corporation | Interrupter circuit with MCTS and pulse resonant commutation for rapidly switching off kilo-AMP AC load currents |
| CN100590973C (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-02-17 | 西门子公司 | Electronic switching device, in particular circuit-breaker and associated operating method |
| CN106159881A (en) * | 2015-05-13 | 2016-11-23 | Ls产电株式会社 | Dc circuit breaker and the method using dc circuit breaker |
| CN107370119A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-21 | 上海交通大学 | Solid-state direct-current breaker and its control method based on capacitance energy storage |
| CN107592101A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2018-01-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of DC solid circuit breaker based on negative electrode short circuit grid-controlled transistor |
| CN108233897A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-06-29 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of pulse forming network based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled transistor |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| WANJUN CHEN等: ""Application of CS-MCT in DC solid state circuit breaker (SSCB)"", 《2018 IEEE 30TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND ICS (ISPSD)》 * |
| 陶宏: ""基于栅控晶闸管的固态直流断路器优化设计"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112311366A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-02-02 | 电子科技大学 | Isolated bidirectional direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
| CN112311366B (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2023-05-26 | 电子科技大学 | Isolated bidirectional direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short-circuit gate-controlled thyristor |
| CN112803373A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-05-14 | 株洲中车时代半导体有限公司 | Power semiconductor device protection circuit, control method, storage medium, and apparatus |
| CN114448408A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-06 | 电子科技大学 | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110808730B (en) | 2021-03-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN110768651B (en) | Bidirectional direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor | |
| CN110808730B (en) | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short circuit grid-controlled thyristor | |
| EP3131166B1 (en) | Passive high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker and implementation method therefor | |
| WO2015024509A1 (en) | High-voltage large-current direct-current circuit breaker and control method therefor | |
| CN112653087B (en) | Direct-current circuit breaker adopting composite solid-state switch and control method thereof | |
| CN106024497B (en) | Auxiliary circuit for high-short-circuit turn-off direct-current circuit breaker and control method thereof | |
| CN113765076A (en) | Bidirectional solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on thyristor | |
| CN112311366B (en) | Isolated bidirectional direct current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short-circuit gate-controlled thyristor | |
| CN107592101A (en) | A kind of DC solid circuit breaker based on negative electrode short circuit grid-controlled transistor | |
| Ye et al. | A novel hybrid DC circuit breaker based on precharged capacitors | |
| CN202949231U (en) | Intelligent zero-crossing switching silicon controlled combination switch | |
| Zhang et al. | Performance of the new generation emitter turn-off (ETO) thyristor | |
| CN109861189B (en) | Arc extinguishing type low-voltage direct current breaker | |
| CN115528659B (en) | Direct current breaker with automatic and controllable turn-off capability and use method thereof | |
| CN116613712A (en) | Low-voltage direct-current hybrid circuit breaker based on thyristors and control method thereof | |
| CN113904573B (en) | Half-bridge improved MMC submodule topological structure and control method thereof | |
| CN116014666A (en) | IGCT-based superconducting hybrid direct current breaker and working method thereof | |
| CN114448408B (en) | Direct-current solid-state circuit breaker based on cathode short-circuit gate-controlled thyristor | |
| CN114243648A (en) | Pre-current-limiting type hybrid direct current circuit breaker and control method thereof | |
| CN216413920U (en) | Bidirectional solid-state direct-current circuit breaker based on thyristor | |
| CN103023044A (en) | Combination switch with intelligent zero-crossing switching function | |
| Zheng et al. | Designing and research of a novel current limiting DC hybrid circuit breaker with the combinatorial electronic switch | |
| CN111211541B (en) | Direct current solid-state circuit breaker | |
| CN202949232U (en) | Intelligent zero-crossing switching combination switch | |
| CN214799444U (en) | AC electronic switch device |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |