CN110802110A - Plant restoration method suitable for cadmium-polluted soil in northern area of China - Google Patents
Plant restoration method suitable for cadmium-polluted soil in northern area of China Download PDFInfo
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- CN110802110A CN110802110A CN201911291713.7A CN201911291713A CN110802110A CN 110802110 A CN110802110 A CN 110802110A CN 201911291713 A CN201911291713 A CN 201911291713A CN 110802110 A CN110802110 A CN 110802110A
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- soil
- cadmium
- wild chrysanthemum
- china
- plant
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a phytoremediation method suitable for cadmium-polluted soil in northern areas of China, which comprises the steps of sowing wild chrysanthemum seeds in the cadmium-polluted soil in 3 months of the year, wherein the seed consumption is 0.1 g/m2The sowing depth is 5cm +/-1 cm; weeds are removed and irrigated in time during the growth period of the plants, and the soil moisture content is kept better; harvesting in the middle ten days of 9 months, cutting off the overground part of the plant, and leaving the root system of the plant in the soil; by 3 months in the next year, the wild chrysanthemum emits new seedlings from the root systems left in the soil. The method has high restoration efficiency, the wild chrysanthemum has a biological enrichment coefficient of cadmium in soil up to 7.76 through tests, the restoration method is simple and easy to master, and the restoration effect of the wild chrysanthemum on the cadmium-polluted soil in the north is far better than that of the existing method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a contaminated soil remediation technology, in particular to a phytoremediation method suitable for cadmium contaminated soil in northern areas of China.
Background
Cadmium is a common pollution heavy metal in soil and is one of the most main pollution heavy metals in soil in China. The main sources of cadmium in the polluted soil comprise waste liquid pollution discharged from the industries of non-ferrous metal mining and smelting, sewage irrigation, chemical engineering and the like. In unpolluted soil, the cadmium content is generally around 0.1 mg/kg, while the cadmium content in contaminated soil can reach 0.5-5 mg/kg or higher. Cadmium has carcinogenic effect on human body, and cadmium in the polluted soil can enter human body through drinking water, food, polluted soil particles and other ways, so that the health of human body is influenced.
The cadmium-polluted soil has various repairing methods, and from the current practical application condition, the methods of soil replacement, stabilizer addition, plant extraction and repair and the like are all effective repairing methods for the cadmium-polluted soil.
The phytoextraction remediation is one of remediation methods for heavy metal contaminated soil, and the method is suitable for heavy metals with high phytovalidity and mobility, such as cadmium. The basic principle of plant extraction and restoration is to plant restoration plants in the heavy metal contaminated soil, absorb heavy metals during the growth period of the plants, and then harvest and remove the plants, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the content of the heavy metals in the contaminated soil. In nature, most plants have a low capacity to absorb soil heavy metals. The index for describing the capability of plants to absorb the heavy metals in the polluted soil is a biological enrichment coefficient, the index refers to a quotient obtained by dividing the content of the heavy metals in the plants by the content of the heavy metals in the soil, and the biological enrichment coefficient value of most plants to the heavy metals in the soil is far less than 1.
For the plant extraction and restoration of heavy metal contaminated soil, a better restoration effect is achieved, and firstly, the biological enrichment coefficient of the heavy metal of the plant is higher; second, the yield of the plants is higher. At present, the plant with stronger extraction and repair capacity to the cadmium polluted soil is the sedum plumbizincicola. Sedum plumbizincicola is a Crassulaceae plant found in Zhejiang province, but the plant is not suitable for being planted in northern areas of China. In addition, the black nightshade and the bidens bipinnata can be used for the plant extraction and restoration of the cadmium-polluted soil in the north, but the plants have the defect that the biological enrichment coefficient of the cadmium in the soil is small, and the biological enrichment coefficient is between 2 and 3 under the general condition.
Therefore, under the current situation, no more effective repairing plant is found for the phytoremediation of the cadmium-polluted soil in northern areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a phytoremediation method suitable for cadmium-polluted soil in northern areas of China aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention can adopt the following technical scheme:
the phytoremediation method suitable for cadmium-polluted soil in northern areas of China comprises the following steps:
step one, sowing wild chrysanthemum seeds in cadmium-polluted soil in 3 months in the year, wherein the seed dosage is 0.1 g/m2The sowing depth is 5cm +/-1 cm;
secondly, removing weeds and irrigating in time during the growth period of the plants, and keeping the soil moisture content better;
harvesting in the middle ten days of 9 months, cutting off the overground part of the plant, and leaving the root system of the plant in the soil;
and fourthly, in 3 months in the next year, the wild chrysanthemum emits new seedlings from root systems left in the soil.
The wild chrysanthemum used by the invention has the Latin name ofDendranthema indicumIs a wild chrysanthemum variety produced in north China, northwest China and southwest China.
The method has the advantages of high remediation efficiency, simple remediation method and easy mastering, and the remediation effect on the cadmium-polluted soil in the north is far better than that of the existing method.
Chrysanthemum morifolium belongs to Compositae and is produced in the European and subambic regions. Is a perennial herb which can be used for appreciation and medicine, and the underground rhizome is drought-resistant and can overwinter underground in severe winter.
The application utilizes the characteristics of cold resistance and root hair of wild chrysanthemum to plant the wild chrysanthemum in the cadmium-polluted soil in the northern area of China, can continuously grow for many years by one-time sowing, has low cost and small labor capacity, and has good practicability for restoring the cadmium-polluted soil in the northern area of China.
Detailed Description
The present invention is discussed in greater detail below with respect to specific embodiments to facilitate understanding and application by those skilled in the art.
The applicant selects a cadmium-polluted soil area formed by lead smelting in suburbs of economic resources in Henan province of China as a test project area.
The project area is a flat area with the length of 20 m and the width of 4 m, the land utilization mode of the area is farmland, and the soil property is basically uniform. Collecting multi-point soil samples with the depth of 0-20 cm, mixing and then measuring the total cadmium content, wherein the result shows that the average value of the total cadmium content of the soil is 2.41 mg/kg.
In 2018, in 3 months, the soil in the project area is fertilized with N, P fertilizers2O5And K2O denotes compound fertilizers with contents of 15, 20 and 10 respectively. Spreading 30 kg of fertilizer in a project area, then cultivating by using a tractor, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and soil with the depth of 0-20 cm; and harrowing the land to level the land of the project area without large clods. Because the soil moisture content is better, irrigation is not needed before sowing.
Manually using a tool to ditch in the project area along the long edge direction, wherein the distance between two ditches is about 0.8 m, 6 ditches are ditched in total, and the depth of each ditch is about 5 cm. Then spreading wild chrysanthemum seeds into the ditch uniformly, wherein the dosage is 0.1 g/m2And controlling, wherein the usage amount of the whole project area is 10 g. The seeds are immediately covered with soil after being scattered to reduce water loss, and meanwhile, the soil is slightly treaded to promote the close contact of the soil and the seeds.
And (5) germinating the wild chrysanthemum seeds for about 7 days, and irrigating at proper time according to soil moisture content.
Before the end of 5 months, care should be taken to remove weeds in the field so as to promote the wild chrysanthemum to grow strongly.
And (3) irrigating for 2 times during the growth period of the wild chrysanthemum according to rainfall and soil moisture.
And (4) harvesting after the leaf leaves of the wild chrysanthemum are withered in 9 months and 15 days. During harvesting, the sickle is used for cutting the plant along the ground, and the plant root system is prevented from being pulled out or damaged in the operation process.
Weighing the overground part of all the plants on site, wherein the total weight is 631.1 kg, taking 3 parts of plant samples for a small number of times, each part of the plant samples is about 0.5 kg, weighing on site, recording the weight, and measuring the water content, wherein the weight is called a yield sample; another 3 parts of plant sample, each about 0.2 kg, is used for measuring the heavy metal content and is called as an analysis sample.
The above 6 samples were taken back into the chamber and the yield was measured at 70oDrying and weighing under C, and calculating the water content of the sample (the water content is the ratio of the water content of the sample to the wet weight of the sample); the water content of the 3 samples was tested to be 75.3%, 71.6% and 72.3%, respectively, with an average value of 73.1%. The dry weight yield of wild chrysanthemum is 1.70 kg/m calculated according to the water content2。
After the analysis samples were washed, dried and crushed, the cadmium content of the plants was measured, and the results of the cadmium content of 3 samples were 19.3, 18.7 and 18.2 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively, with the average value being 18.7 mg/kg. The absorption quantity of the wild chrysanthemum to the soil cadmium is 31.8 mg/m calculated according to the yield and the cadmium content of the wild chrysanthemum2. According to the cadmium content of the plant body, the biological enrichment coefficient of the wild chrysanthemum to the soil cadmium is 7.76.
The heavy metals absorbed by the plant during the growth period mostly come from a 0-20 cm soil layer, and the volume weight of the soil is 1300 kg/m3Then, 1 m2In the area, the dry weight of 0-20 cm soil is 260 kg, and the weight of cadmium in the soil is 626.6 mg according to the content of cadmium in the soil, so that the cadmium absorbed by the wild chrysanthemum accounts for 5.08 percent of the cadmium in the soil.
In 2019 spring, the wild chrysanthemum roots began to germinate.
Before 3 months of irrigation, urea is scattered in a project area, and the dosage is 10 kg.
The weed removal work is well done in 3-5 months; irrigating water at proper time during the growth period;
plants were harvested and tested at 9 months and 20 days according to the previous year's working method.
The results of yield measurement and analysis show that the wild chrysanthemum yield is 1.79 kg/m2The cadmium content is 18.0 mg/kg, and the cadmium absorption quantity of the wild chrysanthemum is 32.0 mg/m according to the wild chrysanthemum yield and the cadmium content2。
The total amount of cadmium absorbed by the wild chrysanthemum in the soil in two years is 63.8 mg/m2The absorption amount accounts for 10.2 percent of the cadmium content in the soil.
By the method, the aim of quickly reducing the cadmium in the cadmium-polluted soil in the north by using the wild chrysanthemum is fulfilled. The method is simple and easy to implement, low in investment and good in repairing effect.
Claims (2)
1. A plant restoration method suitable for cadmium contaminated soil in northern areas of China is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, sowing wild chrysanthemum seeds in cadmium-polluted soil in 3 months in the year, wherein the seed dosage is 0.1 g/m2The sowing depth is 5cm +/-1 cm;
secondly, removing weeds and irrigating in time during the growth period of the plants, and keeping the soil moisture content better;
harvesting in the middle ten days of 9 months, cutting off the overground part of the plant, and leaving the root system of the plant in the soil;
and fourthly, in 3 months in the next year, the wild chrysanthemum emits new seedlings from root systems left in the soil.
2. The phytoremediation method suitable for cadmium-contaminated soil in northern areas of China according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wild chrysanthemum is a wild chrysanthemum species produced in North China, northwest China and southwest China.
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| CN201911291713.7A CN110802110A (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Plant restoration method suitable for cadmium-polluted soil in northern area of China |
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| CN201911291713.7A CN110802110A (en) | 2019-12-16 | 2019-12-16 | Plant restoration method suitable for cadmium-polluted soil in northern area of China |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113814267A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-21 | 河南工业大学 | Method for repairing calcareous cadmium contaminated soil |
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| CN101462118A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for repairing and treating soil with heavy metal pollution using daisy |
| CN102500614A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 四川农业大学 | Method for restoring cadmium contaminated soil |
| CN109174937A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-11 | 上海邻肯园林科技有限公司 | A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil restorative procedure |
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2019
- 2019-12-16 CN CN201911291713.7A patent/CN110802110A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
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| CN101462118A (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for repairing and treating soil with heavy metal pollution using daisy |
| CN102500614A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 四川农业大学 | Method for restoring cadmium contaminated soil |
| CN109174937A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-01-11 | 上海邻肯园林科技有限公司 | A kind of heavy-metal contaminated soil restorative procedure |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 厦宜: "《园林地被植物》", 31 December 2008 * |
| 张亚静等: "《野菊对 Cd 元素吸收特性及其对药材品质的影响》", 《中国中药杂志》 * |
| 董霁红，房阿曼，戴文婷等: "《矿区复垦土壤重金属光谱解析与迁移特征研究》", 31 May 2018, 中国矿业大学出版社 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113814267A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-12-21 | 河南工业大学 | Method for repairing calcareous cadmium contaminated soil |
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Application publication date: 20200218 |
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