CN110801279A - 使用磁共振成像(mri)血流测量的球囊定位 - Google Patents

使用磁共振成像(mri)血流测量的球囊定位 Download PDF

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CN110801279A
CN110801279A CN201910721217.4A CN201910721217A CN110801279A CN 110801279 A CN110801279 A CN 110801279A CN 201910721217 A CN201910721217 A CN 201910721217A CN 110801279 A CN110801279 A CN 110801279A
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V.吉利纳
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Abstract

本发明题为“使用磁共振成像(MRI)血流测量的球囊定位”。本发明提供一种用于将装配在导管远侧端部处的球囊定位在患者的血管的口处的方法,该方法包括尝试在球囊与口的整个圆周之间实现周向物理接触。用磁共振成像(MRI)跨口对一个或多个切片成像,并且使用MRI估计沿口的圆周的血流程度。基于所估计的血流程度,向使用者指示球囊与口之间的周向物理接触的程度。

Description

使用磁共振成像(MRI)血流测量的球囊定位
技术领域
本发明整体涉及医疗探头的引导技术,并且具体地涉及使用MRI引导球囊导管。
背景技术
先前提出了用于体内探头的MRI引导的各种技术。例如,美国专利申请公布2010/0312096描述了MRI引导的心脏介入系统,该系统被配置成在MRI引导的规程期间生成患者解剖结构和医疗装置的动态(交互式)可视化,并且还可包括目标解剖结构(例如心脏的限定部分)的至少一个使用者可选的3D体积(组织表征)图。在一些实施方案中,可对齐图像切片以便在组织接触或消融能量激活时可视化装置,从而能够在接收治疗(例如消融能量)时可视化装置(例如,导管)、装置-组织界面和/或(心肌)组织。可使用患者的分段磁共振血管造影术(MRA)成像体积生成脉管组织特征图,该特征图可指示血管结构内血流增加的区域和/或较大和较小的通道。
又如,美国专利申请公布2011/0028829描述了一种针对非对比度增强肺静脉磁共振成像的系统和方法,该系统和方法基本上抑制了来自与左心房和肺静脉相邻的心脏组织的信号。左心房和肺静脉与相邻解剖结构之间的显著性因此十分明显。这样,有利于更准确地测量肺静脉血管口尺寸,以及在肺静脉隔离规程期间更准确地将成像体积与射频消融导管配准。此外,在不施用造影剂的情况下,得到左心房和肺静脉的更好三维体积视图。
发明内容
本发明的实施方案提供一种方法,该方法包括将装配在导管远侧端部处的球囊定位在患者的血管的口处,尝试在球囊与口的整个圆周之间实现周向物理接触。用磁共振成像(MRI)跨口对一个或多个切片成像,并且使用MRI估计沿口的圆周的血流程度。基于所估计的血流程度,向使用者指示球囊与口之间的周向物理接触的程度。
在一些实施方案中,该方法包括将球囊定位在肺静脉的口处。
在一些实施方案中,该方法包括基于所指示的周向物理接触的程度使用球囊执行治疗。
在一个实施方案中,该方法包括执行射频(RF)消融。
在另一个实施方案中,该方法包括进行低温消融。
在一个实施方案中,该方法包括执行激光消融。
在一些实施方案中,该方法包括施用不需要注射造影剂来显示血流的MRI协议。
在一些实施方案中,该方法包括采集切片随时间推移的序列。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,还提供了包括接口和处理器的医疗系统。接口被配置成接收由MRI系统跨患者的血管的口采集的一个或多个磁共振成像(MRI)切片,同时装配在导管远侧端部处的球囊定位在口处并且尝试在球囊与口的整个圆周之间实现周向物理接触。处理器被配置成使用MRI系统来估计沿口的圆周的血流程度,并且基于所估计的血流程度向使用者指示球囊与口之间的周向物理接触的程度。
结合附图,通过以下对本发明的实施方案的详细描述,将更全面地理解本发明,其中:
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的一个实施方案基于导管的位置跟踪和消融系统的示意性图解;
图2为根据本发明的一个实施方案定位在肺静脉的口处的消融球囊的示意性图解;并且
图3为示意性地示出根据本发明的一个实施方案使用磁共振成像(MRI)流量测量定位球囊的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
概述
充血器官(例如血管口)的有效球囊治疗规程在该球囊治疗于口的整个圆周上同时执行时,在球囊的整个圆周与口组织物理接触的情况下实现最佳执行。例如,对于射频(RF)消融治疗,这样的最佳球囊定位能够“一次”消融,其中所有RF电极被触发以同时消融周围的口组织。例如,对于肺静脉(PV)隔离规程,消融球囊的最佳位置为设置在球囊圆周上方的所有电极与口物理接触的位置。
如果例如在可获取荧光镜图像的规程中进行球囊治疗,则可通过将造影剂注射到血液中来确认球囊的正确定位。医师可随后看到球囊有效地“密封”(例如,PV的)口。
然而,在磁共振成像(MRI)规程中,荧光镜通常是不可用的,并且尽管仍可使用MRI造影剂,但它未得到充分成像,此外,MRI系统不实时成像造影剂。在这种情况下,可通过使用阻抗测量验证所有电极与例如口组织具有良好接触来确认球囊的正确定位。然而,阻抗测量是不可靠的,尤其是对于静脉组织存在问题(例如,疤痕或具有脂肪表面沉积物)的患者,因此这些测量可能无法给出良好接触的有效指示。
下文所述的本发明的实施方案将多种可能协议中的一种与MRI规程一起使用,从而能够在不注射造影剂的情况下测量和观察血流。此类协议的一个示例为相位对比成像(PC)MRI。PC-MRI提供来自目标口的整个横截面积的血流信息。基于该信息,处理器估计血流穿过口的圆周的程度。PC-MRI协议的详细描述可见于许多出版物中,诸如Valsangiacomo等人在杂志(Pediatric Radiology(《儿科放射学》),第33卷第9期,2003年9月,第607–613页)上发表的名为“Phase-contrast MR assessment of pulmonary venous blood flowin children with surgically repaired pulmonary veins”的文章。实际上,可使用针对MRI系统的商业包,其在心血管MRI中提供相位对比流动和速度成像以定量血流,诸如西门子针对MRI提供的syngo.via软件。
任何解剖位置和取向的任何血管都可使用MRI在所需平面(即,切片)上成像。为了准确测量PV的口的整个圆周上的血流,切片应在肺静脉口处垂直于肺静脉,如下所述。
在一些实施方案中,使用者诸如医师定位球囊,该球囊装配在轴的远侧端部处,用于在患者的血管的口处插入患者器官中。医师操作磁共振成像(MRI)系统以跨口对一个或多个切片成像,以便估计切片中的血流。基于所估计的血流,处理器向医师指示球囊与口的周围组织之间的周向物理接触的程度。血流在口周围的某个点处完全堵塞是在该点处良好物理接触的指示,反之亦然。
在一些实施方案中,医师使用位置跟踪系统在心脏的左心房中导航球囊。跟踪系统使用例如磁性位置传感器,该传感器包括在轴的远侧端部中,恰好在球囊的近侧。医师操纵球囊以阻塞PV的口。接下来,医师使用具有适于展示血流以便跨口对MRI切片成像的MRI协议的MRI系统。在一个实施方案中,处理器分析MRI切片以基于所展示的血流来指示球囊与口组织之间的物理接触质量(例如,程度)。如上所述,缺乏血流是良好接触的指示,反之亦然。
可大约每两到三秒钟采集重复切片,使得可相对于口操纵球囊,直至球囊圆周上的任何点处基本上无血流,其中无血流对应于(例如,作为处理器指示)良好的物理接触。
在一些实施方案中,即使口没有完全周向密封,MRI切片也显示哪些消融电极无血流。电极是可识别的(例如,使用位置传感器和/或通过电极的电信号),并且消融射频发生器被配置成仅向无血流的电极提供消融电流。
本发明所公开的技术不需要使用MRI造影剂,诸如基于钆的造影剂,如上所述,由于对造影剂注射时间有限制,因此难以准确地施用造影剂,并且已知造影剂与潜在的健康风险相关联。因此,本发明所公开的使用MRI血流测量来定位球囊的技术使得医师能够在MRI成像下执行更有效和更安全的球囊消融规程。
系统说明
图1为根据本发明的一个实施方案的基于导管的位置跟踪和消融系统20的示意性图解。系统20用于确定球囊40的位置,在插图25中,显示球囊装配在轴22的远侧端部处。通常,球囊40用于消融心脏组织,例如在左心房中的PV的口处的组织。
球囊40由医师30经由血管系统导航到患者28的心脏26中。在图示的示例中,医师30将导管21的轴22插入穿过护套23,同时使用接近导管近侧端部的操纵器32操纵轴22。如插图25中所示,磁位置传感器50包括在轴22的远侧端部处。
导管21的近侧端部连接到控制台24。控制台24包括处理器39(通常为通用计算机),该处理器具有用于接收来自导管21的信号以及用于通过导管21施加能量以消融心脏26中的组织并且用于控制系统20的其它部件的合适的前端和接口电路38。控制台24还包括被配置成驱动磁场发生器36的驱动电路34。控制台24驱动显示器27,其显示心脏26内的导管位置的远侧端部。
在心脏26中导航远侧端部22期间,控制台24响应于来自基于磁性导管的位置跟踪系统的外部场发生器36的磁场来接收来自传感器50的位置信号。磁场发生器36放置在患者28外部的已知位置,例如放置在患者所躺的工作台29的下方。
使用外部磁场的位置感测方法在各种医疗应用中实现,例如在由BiosenseWebster生产的CARTOTM系统中实现,并且详细地描述于美国专利5,391,199、6,690,963、6,484,118、6,239,724、6,618,612和6,332,089、PCT专利公布WO 96/05768、以及美国专利申请公布2002/0065455 A1、2003/0120150 A1和2004/0068178 A1中,这些专利的公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。
如进一步所见,患者28躺在MRI系统44的孔内。在一些实施方案中,处理器39被配置成接收肺静脉的口的切片的MRI图像,其示出了从肺静脉流入左心房的血流,同时球囊40抵靠口定位。基于所展示的血流,处理器41指示球囊与口组织之间的物理接触质量。在一个实施方案中,处理器41指示球囊与口组织完全接触(即,在整个球囊周边上)的程度。
在一些实施方案中,当系统20不包括磁性位置跟踪子系统时,处理器39使用基于电导管的位置跟踪方法,其中从心内电极(诸如设置在球囊40上方的电极)和/或从附接到患者28的皮肤的表面电极接收电位置信号。处理器39使用电位置信号,从而例如使用有功电流位置(ACL)方法来估计球囊40的位置。ACL方法在各种医疗应用中实现,例如在由Biosense-Webster Inc.(Irvine,California)生产的CARTOTM系统中实现,并且在美国专利7,756,576、7,869,865和7,848,787中有详细描述,这些专利的公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。
处理器39通常包括通用计算机,该通用计算机用软件进行编程,以执行本文所述的功能。该软件可通过网络以电子形式被下载到计算机,例如或者其可另选地或另外地设置和/或存储在非临时性有形介质(诸如磁学、光学或电子存储器)上。
使用MRI血流测量的球囊定位
图2为根据本发明的一个实施方案定位在肺静脉63的口62处的消融球囊的示意性图解。球囊40装配有多个射频(RF)消融电极55和磁性传感器50。如图所示,导管的轴22的远侧端部以这样的方式与口62对齐:使轴22的纵向轴线51垂直于跨口62的平面64。箭头61指示在球囊40与口62的组织之间的周向间隙65上的血流方向。
插图60示出了在平面64上成像的横截面PC-MRI切片,该平面示出了球囊40、口62和占大部分的“圆形”间隙65。随后,医师30向远侧推进球囊,以有效地“密封”静脉63(即,均匀地阻止血液流过间隙65的任何位置)。在PC-MRI模式下,切片中各点处的血流量(例如,流速或速度)可例如通过速度范围图例66以可视方式呈现给医师,其中图例提供通过平面64的单向速度灰度(或色标)编码。此信息也提供给处理器41。
在一个实施方案中,基于所展示的血流,处理器41指示球囊40是否以及在哪些点处物理地压贴口62的圆周。换句话讲,处理器41向医师指示哪个RF电极55与口62的组织接触。医师可使用此信息来操纵球囊,使得所有电极都与静脉口具有良好的物理接触。在一个实施方案中,随后在“密封”静脉63之后,医师30对口62进行“一次”RF消融,即同时在口62的整个圆周上进行。
图2中所示的示例性例证完全是为了概念清晰而选择的。图2仅示出了与本发明的实施方案相关的部件。设置在囊40上的其它系统元件诸如电生理感测电极被省略。在一个实施方案中,球囊40被配置成执行口62的低温消融。在另一个实施方案中,球囊40被配置成执行口62的激光消融。在本质上,初始周向间隙65具有比插图60中所示的圆形形式更一般的弯曲形式。然而,当球囊40充气并且其圆形横截面压贴口62时,示意性圆形表示充分地指示口62的形状与球囊形状一致。
图3为示意性地示出根据本发明的一个实施方案使用MRI血流测量定位球囊的方法的流程图。在球囊导航步骤70处,该过程首先由医师30将球囊40定位在肺静脉63的口62处。接下来,在MRI血流成像步骤72处,医师30跨口62采集PC-MRI切片,以成像来自肺静脉63的血流。在血流估计步骤74处,基于PC-MRI切片,处理器估计切片中的血流。如果在接触评估步骤76处,医师30断定物理接触质量不足,则在操纵步骤78处,医师进一步相对于口62操纵球囊40。
随后,过程循环回到步骤72,其中医师跨口62采集附加的MRI切片,以使用MRI展示的血流来验证接触质量。如果医师30得出的结论是在球囊圆周上的任何点处基本上无血流,则医师继续在治疗步骤80处执行“一次”消融。过程继续,直至医师完成消融规程。
图3中所示的示例性流程图完全是为了概念清晰而选择的。例如,在另选的实施方案中,即使没有完全密封静脉的MRI血流指示,MRI切片仍示出哪些电极无血流。在另选的治疗步骤中,医师30随后仅使用无血流的电极来消融一部分圆周上的组织。针对附加的口组织部分重复该过程,该附加的口组织部分被消融在口圆周,直至口62的整个圆周被消融。
虽然本文所述的实施方案主要涉及心脏应用,但本文所述的方法和系统也可用于使用消融球囊消融血管的其它应用,诸如神经病学和肾脏神经切除。
因此应当理解,上面描述的实施方案以举例的方式被引用,并且本发明不限于上文特定示出和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上文描述的各种特征的组合和子组合以及它们的变型和修改,本领域的技术人员在阅读上述描述时将会想到所述变型和修改,并且所述变型和修改并未在现有技术中公开。以引用方式并入本专利申请的文献被视为本申请的整体部分,不同的是如果这些并入的文献中限定的任何术语与本说明书中明确或隐含地给出的定义相冲突,则应仅考虑本说明书中的定义。

Claims (16)

1.一种方法,所述方法包括:
将装配在导管远侧端部处的球囊定位在患者的血管的口处,尝试在所述球囊与所述口的整个圆周之间实现周向物理接触;
用磁共振成像(MRI)跨所述口对一个或多个切片成像,并且使用所述MRI估计沿所述口的所述圆周的血流程度;以及
基于所估计的血流程度,向使用者指示所述球囊与所述口之间的所述周向物理接触的程度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中定位所述球囊包括将所述球囊定位在肺静脉的口处。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,并且包括基于所指示的所述周向物理接触的程度,使用所述球囊执行治疗。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中使用所述球囊执行所述治疗包括执行射频(RF)消融。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中使用所述球囊执行所述治疗包括执行低温消融。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中使用所述球囊执行所述治疗包括执行激光消融。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中成像所述切片包括施用不需要注射造影剂来显示血流的MRI协议。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中成像所述切片包括采集所述切片随时间推移的序列。
9.一种医疗系统,所述医疗系统包括:
接口,所述接口被配置成接收由MRI系统跨患者的血管的口采集的一个或多个磁共振成像(MRI)切片,同时装配在导管远侧端部处的球囊定位在所述口处并且尝试在所述球囊与所述口的整个圆周之间实现周向物理接触;和
处理器,所述处理器被配置成:
使用所述MRI系统来估计沿所述口的所述圆周的血流程度;以及
基于所估计的血流程度,向使用者指示所述球囊与所述口之间的所述周向物理接触的程度。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述球囊被配置成定位在肺静脉的口处。
11.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述处理器还被配置成基于所指示的所述周向物理接触的程度来指示使用所述球囊执行治疗。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述球囊被配置成执行射频(RF)消融治疗。
13.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述球囊被配置成执行低温消融治疗。
14.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述球囊被配置成执行激光消融治疗。
15.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述处理器被配置成基于不需要注射造影剂来显示血流的MRI协议来指示所述物理接触的程度。
16.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述MRI系统被配置成采集所述切片随时间推移的序列。
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