CN110799188B - 基于托品酰胺的眼用制剂 - Google Patents

基于托品酰胺的眼用制剂 Download PDF

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CN110799188B
CN110799188B CN201880041752.9A CN201880041752A CN110799188B CN 110799188 B CN110799188 B CN 110799188B CN 201880041752 A CN201880041752 A CN 201880041752A CN 110799188 B CN110799188 B CN 110799188B
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塞巴斯蒂亚诺·曼贾菲科
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包含托品酰胺、至少一种浓度小于2.5%的环糊精、至少一种浓度小于2.5%的表面活性剂的眼用组合物。所述组合物在中性pH下是物理稳定的。

Description

基于托品酰胺的眼用制剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包含托品酰胺(tropicamide)、浓度小于2.5%的至少一种环糊精、浓度小于2.5%的至少一种表面活性剂的眼用组合物。所述组合物在中性pH下是物理稳定的。
背景技术
托品酰胺是一种以通常0.5%-1%浓度在眼用制剂中使用的具有散瞳和睫状肌麻痹作用的合成分子。主要应用是用于诊断目的,用于检查眼底和其他眼部结构。对于结膜炎、角膜炎、虹膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎和葡萄膜炎的病例已经报道了治疗指征。
托品酰胺(式I)
Figure BDA0002328920360000011
是一种弱碱且其水溶性相当低,并且在通常存在于制剂中的赋形剂如缓冲剂、渗透剂、防腐剂存在下可能会进一步降低(Saettone et al.,Int J Pharm 1988,43;67-76)。
托品酰胺的水溶性随着pH的降低而增加。1%的托品酰胺溶液需要约5的pH。
泪液的生理pH在6.5~7.6的范围内变化,平均值为7.0±0.20(Abelson MB,ArchOphthalmol 1981,99;301)。给予pH超出此范围的滴眼液对人眼而言耐受性很差,这会通过诱导流泪反应而恢复生理pH。作为必然的后果,诱导的流泪会降低活性成分的生物利用度(Lee VHL et al.,J Ocular Pharmacol 1986,2:67-108)。
当前可用的托品酰胺滴眼剂在4.0-5.8的酸性pH下进行配制(Lik Thai Lim etal.,Int J Ophtalmol 2014,7:1067-1068),并且应该以重复的剂量进行给药,在某些情况下甚至以5'的距离给药3-4次。由于被酸性溶液刺激的眼睛需要20-40分钟才能恢复其生理pH值,因此这种给药方式会给患者带来长期不适感(William H et al.,British JOphthalmol,1984,68:549-552)。
Cappello等人(Int J Pharmaceutics 2001,213:75-81)描述了在0.02M磷酸盐缓冲液中以pH 7.4获得了物理稳定的1%托品酰胺溶液:物理稳定性通过添加4%的羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)而获得。尽管HP-β-CD的浓度不高,但包括成本、毒性和甚至生物利用度在内的有效原因也促使同一作者要降低HP-β-CD的含量。Cappello等人报道,实际上,与0.1%羟丙基甲基纤维素结合使用,在高压釜中120℃下加热所述制剂20分钟,然后室温下搅拌所述溶液6天,能够将HP-β-CD的浓度从4%降低至0.9%。显然,这种工序,特别是对于所需的高温和定时而言,不可能进行工业规模化。
Carmignani C等(Drug Development Industrial Pharmacy 2002,28:101-105,2002)获得具有表面活性剂的1%TRP溶液。描述了四种1%TRP溶液,分别包含泰洛沙泊(tyloxapol)(TY)、普卢尼克(pluronic)P85(PL),克列莫佛(Cremophor)(CR)以及CR和PL的缔合。在这4种溶液中,只有前2种在中性pH(7.0-7.2)下配制,而对于其他2种pH不超过6.2,因此低于眼睛的耐受极限。关于表面活性剂,对于TY,对RAW 264.7细胞(鼠巨噬细胞样)和NIH/3T3细胞(鼠成纤维细胞)具有相当大的体外毒性。通常而言,TY毒性通过其与二棕榈酰磷脂酰胆碱缔合而降低,这限制了TY与细胞膜的相互作用(Jung-Hua Steven Kuo PharmRes 2006,23)。对于PL,由不同比例和不同分子量的聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯共聚物嵌段组成的聚合物表面活性剂在眼科领域用途广泛。5,252,246描述了相对安全地使用普鲁尼克85高达10%。在Carmignani et al.中,普鲁尼克P85反而以高于15%的浓度使用,该浓度高于所述安全限值。因此,即使在中性pH下,在pH 7.2下溶解1%TRP需要15%PL,如此高的百分比也是难以耐受的。
因此,强烈感觉到需要对眼睛具有良好耐受性而使之与目前可获得的组合物所观察到的相比获得了更长的角膜前停留时间而因此具有更大药物生物利用度的具有中性pH的基于托品酰胺的水性制剂。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种中性pH组合物,包含0.1%-1.2%,优选0.2%-1%,更加优选0.4%-0.8%的TRP,浓度低于2.5%的至少一种环糊精和浓度低于2.5%的至少一种表面活性剂。
如本发明中所描述的配制的所述组合物,当施用于眼睛时,被证明具有良好的耐受性,并且在24个月内是物理稳定的。
以下实施例证实了两种赋形剂环糊精和表面活性剂结合使用时如何出乎意料地表现出协同增溶作用而使之容许降低在它们各自使用时所需体积的浓度。这意味着由在中性pH下将托品酰胺保持于溶液中所需的环糊精和表面活性剂总和所提供的总含量比单独使用环糊精或表面活性剂所需的含量低。
通过环糊精和表面活性剂之间的协同作用,实现了采用根据本发明的制剂观察到的有利效果,其中所述表面活性剂由除环糊精以外的化合物组成。
根据本发明的组合物在室温下进行配制,而不需要长时间溶解托品酰胺。
所述环糊精优选是γ-环糊精或β-环糊精,更加优选HP-β-CD。HP-β-CD的浓度为0.5%-2.5%,优选0.8%-2.0%。
所述表面活性剂选自包括季铵盐、亲水性非离子表面活性剂如聚乙二醇(15)-羟基硬脂酸酯(Solutol HS 15SOL)、聚乙二醇(40)的组中。优选地,所述表面活性剂是聚乙二醇(15)-羟基硬脂酸酯,并且浓度范围为0.5%-2.5%,优选0.8%-2.0%。
为了获得中性pH,该组合物包含pH范围为6.5-7.4且优选为pH 6.8-7.2的磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐或硼酸盐缓冲剂。为了校正pH,可以使用强酸性溶液或强碱。
在一个实施方式中,所述组合物包含优选选自包括甘油、山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、海藻糖和氯化钠的组的渗透剂。
在一个实施方式中,所述组合物还包含浓度为0.01%-0.25%或0.08%-0.2%的粘性聚合物,优选选自包括卡波姆(Carbopol)、聚乙烯醇、羟丙基纤维素、HP-瓜尔胶、葡聚糖和透明质酸的组,优选透明质酸钠(HA)。
在一个实施方式中,所述组合物还包含防腐剂,优选选自包含乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、苯扎氯铵或聚己缩胍(polyhexanide)(PHMB)的组。
具体实施方式
在以下实施例中举例说明了根据本发明的组合物。
实施例1-3:不同TRP浓度的TRP+HP-β-CD+SOL制剂
Figure BDA0002328920360000051
实施例4-6:包含Me-β-CD、Sb-β-CD或γ-CD的1%TRP制剂
Figure BDA0002328920360000052
Figure BDA0002328920360000061
实施例7-9:包含克列莫弗、吐温80、普朗尼克85(Pluronic 85)的1%TRP制剂
Figure BDA0002328920360000062
实施例10-14:包含增稠剂的1%TRP制剂
Figure BDA0002328920360000063
Figure BDA0002328920360000071
实施例15-19(比较):类似于实施例10-14的制剂但不包含环糊精的制剂
Figure BDA0002328920360000072
实施例20-22(比较):类似于实施例7-9的制剂但不包含表面活性剂的制剂
Figure BDA0002328920360000081
实施例23-24(比较):类似于实施例1-2的制剂但不包含表面活性剂的制剂
Figure BDA0002328920360000082
以下给出与实施例1-24的制剂有关的稳定性研究。
应当指出的是,对于比较实施例15-24,由于在25℃或在制备后的一个月内操作时所述制剂中的TRP没有溶解到溶液中,出现了沉淀物的形成,因此不能进行相同的研究。
相反,对于包含根据本发明的组分的制剂,获得了以下数据。
实施例1-5的制剂在25±2℃的温度下的稳定性。
Figure BDA0002328920360000091
实施例6-10的制剂在25±2℃的温度下的稳定性。
Figure BDA0002328920360000092
Figure BDA0002328920360000101
实施例11-14的组合物以与实施例2和实施例10的组合物中所包含的相同浓度包含TRP、HP-β-CD和Solutol,不同之处在于存在增稠剂。所获得的稳定性数据可以与不存在增稠剂时获得的数据重叠,这证实了由于环糊精和表面活性剂的协同作用而获得了稳定效果,并且这不受增稠剂添加的影响。

Claims (7)

1.一种眼用组合物,包含托品酰胺、至少一种环糊精、至少一种表面活性剂,其中所述至少一种环糊精是浓度为0.8%-2.0%的HP-β-CD,所述至少一种表面活性剂是浓度为0.8%-2.0%的聚乙二醇(15)-羟基硬脂酸酯,所述托品酰胺的浓度为0.1%-1.2%,并且所述组合物还包含磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐或硼酸盐缓冲剂,并且处于6.5-7.4的pH范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述托品酰胺的浓度为0.2%-1%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述托品酰胺的浓度为0.4%-0.8%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述组合物处于pH 6.8-pH 7.2的pH范围内。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的组合物,还包含渗透剂和/或增稠聚合物和/或防腐剂。
6.一种为滴眼剂的药物制剂,包含根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的组合物和药用赋形剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制剂,用于在检查眼底和其他眼部结构,在治疗性处理结膜炎、角膜炎、虹膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎和/或葡萄膜炎中使用。
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