CN110793769A

CN110793769A - Civil engineering frame construction's test device

Info

Publication number: CN110793769A
Application number: CN201911290125.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 高旭东; 宋武; 罗小博; 宋彧
Original assignee: Lanzhou University of Technology
Current assignee: Lanzhou University of Technology
Priority date: 2019-12-16
Filing date: 2019-12-16
Publication date: 2020-02-14
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-16
Also published as: CN110793769B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering tests, and discloses a test device of a civil engineering frame structure, which is provided with a plane design characteristic system of a test piece, a vertical design characteristic system of the test piece and a test installation system; a load carrying system presenting a constant load characteristic to the building structure through the mounting system and a load carrying system presenting a forward load and a return load. The plane rigidity, the bearing capacity and the test cost of the structural model are all remarkably reduced, the plane rigidity is reduced by more than 10 times, the bearing capacity is reduced by more than 5 times, and the test cost is reduced by nearly 2 times. In terms of bearing capacity, the test which can be completed only by 800 tons of horizontal force originally can be completed only by less than 200 tons of horizontal force, and the test quality is equivalent; the test effect of the plane arrangement of the invention keeps the advantages of the shape of the field, supplements the defects of the shape of the mouth, reduces the test difficulty and is an ideal test piece mode for researching the frame structure.

Description

Civil engineering frame construction's test device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering tests, and particularly relates to a test device for a civil engineering frame structure, which comprises a test piece system and a load system.

Background

In a structural test room, a basic test of a structural test is a single component test, such as a beam, a plate, a column, a node, a support, a foundation and other stressed parts, the test technology is low in difficulty and easy to realize, but the structural test can only stand on the side surface of a component to recognize the structure, and after the structural integrity, particularly the structural space effect is considered, the structural characteristics of the component can be observed and verified only through the research of the component, and the structural characteristics of the component after the structural integrity is coordinated and deformed cannot be observed and examined. Therefore, the knowledge of the overall performance of the structure is a link of the overall test of the structure. In the integrity test of the frame structure, the plane arrangement of the test piece which accords with the stress characteristic of the frame structure is in a field shape, namely, the test piece has two spans, two divisions and three vertical layers, and the conventional concept of the frame structure can be completely covered by the test piece.

Compared with the component test, the obvious defect of the test of the 'field' -shaped test piece is that the test cost is high due to large test load. And the proportion of the single-span single-bay vertical three-layer test piece arranged in the mouth-shaped plane can contain the conventional structural concept of the frame structure is low, for example, in the test of the mouth-shaped plane arrangement, the concepts of a center pillar, a center pillar node, a continuous beam, a continuous plate and the like are deleted, namely the test of the mouth-shaped plane arrangement does not have the representativeness of the frame. Therefore, a certain transverse edge of the field and a corresponding vertical edge of the field are removed (namely, a cross part in the middle of the field-shaped arrangement is reserved), and the field is in a shape (offset for short) that the left or right of two transverse edges are only extended from one side, namely 8 arrangement shapes in fig. 1. The square black blocks in fig. 1 indicate the position of the pillars and the solid lines indicate the position of the beams.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: for the test of a single component, although the test difficulty is small and the organization is easy, the aim of investigating, knowing and verifying the overall performance of the structure is difficult to achieve; the test load of the test piece test arranged in the field-shaped plane is large, the test cost is high, and the test difficulty is large; the test of the mouth-shaped plane arrangement test piece with lower test difficulty does not have the representativeness of the performance of the frame structure.

The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: the device effectively solves the representative problem that the test piece test arranged on the square plane does not have the frame structure performance, and effectively solves the problems of large test load, high test cost and large test difficulty of the test piece test arranged on the square plane.

The testing device can enable the frame structure test to be technically equivalent to the test piece test arranged on the square plane, and the quality of the test piece test arranged on the square plane is equivalent to that of the test piece test arranged on the square plane in effect, and the frame structure test is the best testing device in terms of consumption of people and property and occupation of time and space.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a testing device for a civil engineering frame structure.

The invention is realized in such a way that the test device of the civil engineering frame structure is provided with a plane design characteristic system of a test piece, a vertical design characteristic system of the test piece and a test installation system; a load carrying system for presenting building structure deadload characteristics through the mounting system and a load carrying system for presenting the applied load and the counter load.

The invention relates to a test device of a civil engineering frame structure, which is provided with a plane design characteristic system of a test piece (the plane design of the original test device is either 'field' shaped or 'mouth' shaped, and the improved plane design is that beams at two sides which are vertically and horizontally adjacent are cantilevered outwards on the basis of the 'mouth' to form a 'open' shape with a head deviating shape), a vertical design characteristic system of the test piece (corresponding to the change of the plane shape, 4 cantilever beams, 2 plates supported at three sides, 1 plate supported at an adjacent side and other members are vertically arranged, so that at least 1 (block) of the members such as a beam plate column and the like of each layer on the test piece can present the stress characteristic of the frame structure) and a mounting system of the test (the contents comprise two parts of an anchoring system and a load implementation system of the test piece, wherein the load implementation system is divided into three contents such as a vertical constant load implementation system, a horizontal reciprocating load implementation system and a vertical reciprocating load implementation system adapted to the vertical load implementation system) (ii) a A load carrying system which presents building structure deadload characteristics through the test installation system and a load carrying system which presents the applied load and the counter load.

Furthermore, the test piece mounting system for the test is provided with a ground beam, bolt holes matched with a test bed of a test room are reserved on the ground beam, and the test piece is anchored on the test bed through the bolt holes by using screws.

Furthermore, a distribution beam which is vertically applied to transmit loads upwards or downwards (namely vertical reciprocating loads adaptive to horizontal reciprocating loads) is further arranged in the implementation system, the top layer is a vertical load layer, and the beam and the column of the vertical load layer are hinged and do not transmit bending moments mutually.

Furthermore, the implementation system keeps the size and the direction unchanged through the vertical load of the load layer, and the constant-load characteristic of the building structure is presented.

Further, in the load applying system: when a first forward load and a second forward load in the reciprocating loads are horizontally applied, a first vertical load (namely, a vertical reciprocating load adaptive to the horizontal reciprocating load) and a second vertical load which are downward and matched with the first forward load and the second forward load are required to be synchronously applied to a distribution beam connected with a cantilever beam;

when a first complex load and a second complex load in the reciprocating loads are horizontally applied, a vertical first vertical load (namely, a vertical reciprocating load adaptive to the horizontal reciprocating load) and a second vertical load which are upward and matched with the first complex load and the second complex load are applied to a distribution beam connected with a cantilever beam synchronously.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: before improvement, each layer of the beam is provided with 9 columns, 12 beams and 4 plates; after improvement, each layer comprises 4 columns, 4 beams and 1 plate. Namely, after improvement, 5 columns are reduced for each layer of columns, 8 whole beams are reduced, 4 sections of cantilever beams and plates are reserved, and 3 blocks of whole plates are reduced. The change in the number of members before and after the improvement is shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 List of the number of components per layer before and after modification

Name (R)	Column	Beam	Board
				Before improvement	9	12	4
After improvement	4	4	1
				Reduce	5	8	3

The structural plane rigidity before improvement is regarded as 1, and only 1/10 is left after improvement; the bearing capacity of the structure before improvement is regarded as 1, only 1/4 is left after improvement, the test cost before improvement is regarded as 1, and the test cost after improvement is only about 1/2. In terms of bearing capacity, namely the test which originally needs 800 tons of horizontal force to be completed, the test which needs less than 200 tons of force after the improvement can be completed with the same test quality as that before the improvement.

The improved structure plane arrangement keeps the advantages of the shape of the field, supplements the defects of the shape of the mouth, obviously reduces the test difficulty and is an ideal test piece mode for researching the frame structure.

Taking 8 stories as an example, compared with the test of the 'field' -shaped plane arrangement, the magnitude of the test implementation load before and after the improvement is shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 summary of test difficulty variations before and after improvement

Name (R)	Required vertical load/ton	Required horizontal load/ton	Deadweight/ton of test piece
				Before improvement	150	800	40
After improvement	60	200	20
				Is reduced/doubled	2.5	4.0	2.0

Compared with the prior art, the device provided by the invention is provided with a plane design characteristic system of the test piece, a vertical design characteristic system of the test piece and a test installation system; a load carrying system presenting a constant load characteristic to the building structure through the mounting system and a load carrying system presenting a forward load and a return load. Under the same condition, compared with the original traditional test piece with the flat surface arranged in a 'field' shape, the plane rigidity of the improved test piece is reduced by more than 10 times, the bearing capacity is reduced by more than 5 times, and the test cost is reduced by nearly 2 times. In terms of bearing capacity, the test which can be completed only by 800 tons of horizontal force originally is completed, the test can be completed only by less than 200 tons of horizontal force after improvement, and the test quality before and after improvement is equivalent. The improved spatial arrangement of the structural model reserves the spatial characteristics of the original frame structure, the test effect of the planar arrangement reserves the advantages of the shape of the field and supplements the defects of the shape of the mouth, the test difficulty is obviously reduced, and the test piece model is an ideal test piece model for researching the frame structure.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of 8 plane layouts of a test piece in the prior art provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an 8-plate extension arrangement of an improved test piece provided by an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a test piece applied to a load and a layout diagram of a test load according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a two-layer and three-layer structure applied to a load test piece according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a ground beam; 2. bolt holes; 3. a load layer; 4. loading; 5-1, first forward load; 5-2, second forward load; 5-1', a first compound load; 5-2' and a second compound load; 6. a cantilever beam; 7. a distribution beam; 8-1 (8-1'), a first vertical load; 8-2 (8-2'), and a second vertical load.

Detailed Description

In order to further understand the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are illustrated and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a testing apparatus for civil engineering frame structure, which is described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4.

The plane arrangement form of the test piece structure layer is the shape of two horizontal left or right single-side extending heads (offset heads for short) or the symmetrical state of the offset heads, namely the arrangement shape in 8 of fig. 1.

The beam at the head-out side is a cantilever beam, and the floor slab extends to the end of the cantilever beam to the dotted line, as shown by ABCD in fig. 2. Solid loads can be deposited on the entire panel, with the square black blocks in figure 2 indicating the position of the columns and the solid lines the position of the beams.

Distribution beams which can transfer loads upwards or downwards or are arranged clearly or secretly are arranged at the positions of dotted lines on the edges of the plate shown in figure 2.

The top layer is a vertical load layer, and the beam and the column are hinged and do not transfer bending moment mutually.

The arrangement of the beam-column plate is illustrated in fig. 2a, and the implementation process of the technology is described as follows:

1) a bolt hole 2 matched with a test bed of a test room is reserved on the ground beam 1, and a test piece is anchored on the test bed through the bolt hole 2 by a screw;

2) the vertical load 4 of the load layer 3 keeps unchanged in size and direction, and the constant-load characteristic of the building structure is presented;

3) when a first forward load 5-1 and a second forward load 5-2 in reciprocating loads are horizontally applied, a first vertical load 8-1 and a second vertical load 8-2 which are downward and matched with the first forward load 5-1 and the second forward load 5-2 are required to be synchronously applied to a distribution beam 7 connected with a cantilever beam 6, as shown in fig. 3, wherein ABCD is a floor slab;

4) when a first complex load 5-1 'and a second complex load 5-2' in reciprocating loads are horizontally applied, a vertical first vertical load 8-1 'and a vertical second load 8-2' which are upward and matched with the first complex load 5-1 'and the second complex load 5-2' are synchronously applied to a distribution beam 7 connected with a cantilever beam 6, as shown in figure 4, wherein ABCD is a floor slab;

when 3) and 4) are alternately carried out, a low-cycle reciprocating load, i.e., pseudo-static force, can be achieved. Tests of this nature are called low cycle reciprocating tests, or pseudo-static tests.

The single-opening single-span four-column 'mouth' -shaped column net is arranged in a plane, and the structural planes of the two layers and the three layers are arranged in a 'open' two-horizontal or left or right single-side head-outlet shape, as shown in figure 1;

the distribution beam 7 placed on the cantilever beam 6 can bear vertical upward pulling force (or upward jacking) and vertical downward pulling force, namely, the end of the cantilever beam 6 is used as a simply supported beam for hinged support, and can bear bending moment generated by load required by a test in the upper and lower directions;

the testing method is characterized in that a forward (or a complex) load 5-1, 5-2 (or a 5-1 ', 5-2' corresponding to a position) in the horizontal direction is matched with a vertical load 8-1, 8-2 (or a 8-1 ', 8-2' corresponding to a position) for use, so that a pseudo-static force is realized, and the conventional elements of the frame structure can realize the hysteretic characteristic without obvious defects under the reciprocating load action;

among the four posts, can realize a corner post (corner post node), a vertical side post (vertical side post node), a horizontal side post (horizontal side post node), a center pillar (center pillar node) for the test piece representative ratio reaches the biggest.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the drawings of the present invention are within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. The test device of the civil engineering frame structure is characterized in that the test device of the civil engineering frame structure is provided with a plane design characteristic system of a test piece, a vertical design characteristic system of the test piece and a test installation system; a load carrying system for presenting building structure deadload characteristics through the mounting system and a load carrying system for presenting the applied load and the counter load.

2. The civil engineering frame structure test device of claim 1, wherein the test piece mounting system is provided with a ground beam, a bolt hole matched with the test bed of the test room is reserved on the ground beam, and the test piece is anchored on the test bed through the bolt hole by a screw.

3. The civil engineering frame structure test device of claim 1, wherein the mounting system is further provided with a distribution beam for vertically applying a vertical reciprocating load corresponding to the horizontal reciprocating load for transferring the load upwards or downwards, the top layer of the test piece is a vertical load layer, and the beam of the vertical load layer is hinged with the column of the test piece at the top of the column without transferring bending moment with each other.

4. The civil engineering framework test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the implementation system is characterized by the building structure constant load by keeping the vertical load of the loading layer constant in magnitude and direction.

5. A civil engineering frame structure test apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the load carrying system:

when a first forward load and a second forward load in reciprocating loads are horizontally applied, a first vertical load and a second vertical load which are downward and matched with the first forward load and the second forward load are required to be synchronously applied to a distribution beam connected with a cantilever beam;

when a first complex load and a second complex load in the reciprocating loads are horizontally applied, a vertical first vertical load and a vertical second vertical load which are upward and matched with the first complex load and the second complex load are applied to a distribution beam connected with the cantilever beam in a synchronous manner.

6. A civil engineering frame work test apparatus as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the first vertical load is a vertical reciprocating load compatible with a horizontal reciprocating load.