CN110789432B - Medical decontamination integrated nuclear rescue vehicle and rescue method - Google Patents
Medical decontamination integrated nuclear rescue vehicle and rescue method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110789432B CN110789432B CN201911088524.XA CN201911088524A CN110789432B CN 110789432 B CN110789432 B CN 110789432B CN 201911088524 A CN201911088524 A CN 201911088524A CN 110789432 B CN110789432 B CN 110789432B
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- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 108010066278 cabin-4 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000006670 Multiple fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000002565 Open Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010066114 cabin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
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- 210000001061 forehead Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 206010003497 Asphyxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100438971 Caenorhabditis elegans mat-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000003322 Coinfection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000004756 Respiratory Insufficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002680 cardiopulmonary resuscitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012217 radiopharmaceutical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121896 radiopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002799 radiopharmaceutical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60P—VEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
- B60P3/00—Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R9/00—Supplementary fittings on vehicle exterior for carrying loads, e.g. luggage, sports gear or the like
- B60R9/06—Supplementary fittings on vehicle exterior for carrying loads, e.g. luggage, sports gear or the like at vehicle front or rear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R9/00—Supplementary fittings on vehicle exterior for carrying loads, e.g. luggage, sports gear or the like
- B60R9/08—Supplementary fittings on vehicle exterior for carrying loads, e.g. luggage, sports gear or the like specially adapted for sports gear
- B60R9/10—Supplementary fittings on vehicle exterior for carrying loads, e.g. luggage, sports gear or the like specially adapted for sports gear for cycles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of nuclear pollution protection, in particular to a medical decontamination integrated nuclear rescue vehicle and a rescue method. The nuclear rescue vehicle is provided with a small medical cabin, so that more wounded persons can be timely cured on site; meanwhile, the decontamination cabin is provided for decontamination of personnel and equipment vehicles in the vehicle, so that the continuous injury to the personnel caused by radioactive contamination is reduced to the greatest extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of nuclear pollution protection, in particular to a medical decontamination and decontamination integrated nuclear rescue vehicle and a rescue method.
Background
In the nuclear rescue process, rescue workers and equipment must be subjected to decontamination shower before entering a non-toxic region, thoroughly disinfected, and enter a protection region after decontamination so as not to be polluted. The existing domestic on-site operation has crude decontamination facilities, and the washbasin is used for carrying out local decontamination of hands and feet, so that a plurality of problems are exposed, and particularly, the decontamination effect is poor, and the possibility of recontamination exists. The decontamination of personnel and equipment is finished by using a decontamination shower vehicle abroad, but the decontamination shower vehicle is generally provided with a plurality of vehicle combination systems, and a single vehicle is carried without the functions, so that the cost is high.
Meanwhile, physical examination is required for wounded persons or coming rescue workers who are saved from the rescue site, and the current decontamination shower vehicle does not have a medical function.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a medical decontamination integrated nuclear rescue vehicle. The nuclear rescue vehicle integrates medical treatment and decontamination, has various functions and strong protection, and avoids secondary pollution.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a medical decontamination integrated nuclear rescue vehicle, characterized in that the nuclear rescue vehicle comprises a cab, a chassis vehicle and a carriage, the carriage is divided into an equipment cabin, an internal circulation purification decontamination cabin and a primary positive pressure medical cabin,
the equipment cabin is close to the cab, and equipment cabin doors are arranged on two sides of the equipment cabin;
the primary positive pressure medical cabin is positioned at the rear side of the equipment cabin;
the inner circulation purifying decontamination cabin is positioned at the rear side of the primary positive pressure medical cabin and is divided into a tertiary positive pressure dressing room, a secondary positive pressure transition cabin and a primary positive pressure decontamination room, wherein the tertiary positive pressure dressing room is provided with a decontamination cabin door, and when the decontamination cabin door is opened, the tertiary positive pressure dressing room is communicated with the outside; the secondary positive pressure transition cabin is communicated with the tertiary positive pressure dressing room and the primary positive pressure decontamination room through a first safety door and a second safety door respectively; the primary positive pressure decontamination chamber is communicated with the primary positive pressure medical cabin through a third safety door,
a high-pressure gas spray head is arranged in the secondary positive pressure transition cabin,
the tail of the carriage is provided with a hydraulic tail plate, and the hydraulic tail plate is provided with a motorcycle fixing device.
Further, the equipment compartment includes: the first rescue operation equipment cabin, the second rescue operation equipment cabin, the third rescue operation equipment cabin and the fourth rescue operation equipment cabin are located in the second rescue operation equipment cabin, and the distribution box and the toxin filtering ventilation equipment are located in the second rescue operation equipment cabin.
Further, the primary positive pressure decontamination chamber comprises:
the decontamination equipment comprises a decontamination pump, a water tank, a first decontamination agent tank, a second decontamination agent tank, a decontamination tent, a proportioning bracket and a decontamination agent spray head,
the water tank and the decontamination pump are connected with the proportioning bracket and the first decontamination agent tank through a pressure reducing valve;
the water tank and the decontamination pump are connected with the decontamination agent spray head and the second decontamination agent tank through a pressure reducing valve or directly;
the proportioning bracket is connected with an internal water tank and a decontamination pump which are arranged in the equipment room.
Further, the toxin filtering ventilation device comprises a filtering unit, an adsorption unit, a fan and an external shell;
a mask is arranged in the cab; the mask is connected with the toxin filtering and ventilating device through an air duct, and the toxin filtering and ventilating device can be manually or automatically controlled to convey clean air.
Further, the bottom of the decontamination tent is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected with a sewage collecting bag.
Further, the nuclear rescue vehicle further comprises a nuclear radiation protection system, and the nuclear radiation protection system is composed of a nuclear radiation probe, an overpressure detection device, an oxygen monitor, an oxygen generator, a nuclear protection device and a controller, wherein the nuclear radiation probe, the overpressure detection device, the oxygen generator and the nuclear protection device are all connected with the controller.
Further, the nuclear radiation probe is used for detecting the content of gamma rays in the outside environment of the vehicle, the overpressure detection device and the oxygen monitor the overpressure and the oxygen content in the vehicle in real time, the controller displays the overpressure, the nuclear radiation and the oxygen content value in real time, and when the gamma rays reach an alarm threshold or the oxygen content of the vehicle is lower than 18.5% under the airtight condition, the controller sends an alarm signal and simultaneously automatically starts the toxin filtering ventilation equipment to enter a protection state.
Furthermore, the primary positive pressure medical cabin and the internal circulation purifying decontamination cabin are protected by lead plates, and positive pressure is kept in the internal part.
Further, the first safety door, the second safety door and the third safety door are push-pull airtight doors.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: the rescuee is sent to a dressing room of the inner circulation purifying decontamination cabin through the decontamination cabin door, the clothing stained with the radiant substances is removed, and then the rescue worker is sent to the secondary positive pressure transition cabin;
step 2: the secondary positive pressure transition cabin compresses and discharges the radiation dust entering the internal circulation purification type decontamination cabin through high-pressure gas so as to ensure that the air entering the primary positive pressure decontamination chamber and the primary positive pressure medical cabin is clean and dust-free;
step 3: the rescuee is sent into a primary positive pressure decontamination chamber, and the decontamination equipment adopts a first decontamination agent and/or a second decontamination agent to carry out body surface decontamination operation on the rescuee;
step 4: after decontamination, the rescued personnel are sent into the primary positive pressure medical cabin to receive emergency treatment.
Further, the emergency treatment includes:
(1) Cleaning, closing and wrapping wounds;
(2) Prevention of radiation disease;
(3) Fix the non-open fracture part, prevent the broken bones from penetrating into other tissues such as viscera of the body, and avoid the condition of internal bleeding.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The nuclear rescue vehicle provided by the invention is provided with a small medical cabin, so that more wounded persons can be timely cured on site.
(2) The nuclear rescue vehicle provided by the invention is provided with the internal circulation purification type decontamination cabin for decontaminating personnel and equipment vehicles in the vehicle, so that the personnel in the rescue vehicle and trapped and injured personnel can be simply decontaminated, and the continuous injury to the personnel caused by radioactive contamination is reduced to the greatest extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows an exterior left side view of a nuclear rescue vehicle according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows an exterior right side view of a nuclear rescue vehicle according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a left side view of the interior of a nuclear rescue vehicle according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a right side view of the interior of a nuclear rescue vehicle according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows a top view of the interior of a nuclear rescue vehicle according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. chassis truck; 2. a first rescue operation equipment compartment; 3. a second rescue operation equipment compartment; 4. a primary positive pressure medical cabin; 5. An internal circulation purifying decontamination cabin; 6. decontamination cabin door; 7. a motorcycle; 8. a third rescue operation equipment compartment; 9. a fourth rescue operation equipment compartment; 10. a primary positive pressure decontamination chamber; 11. a hydraulic tail plate; 12. a row of trays on the left side; 13. A row of two-layer trays on the left side; 14. a row of three-layer trays on the left side; 15. a row of four-layer trays on the left side; 16. two rows of one layer of trays on the left side; 17. two rows of two layers of trays on the left side; 18. two rows of three layers of trays on the left side; 19. two rows of four layers of trays on the left side; 20. A medical supplies cabinet; 21. a protective clothing cabinet; 22. A medical instrument cabinet; 23. A clothes basket; 24. A secondary positive pressure transition cabin; 25. An oxygen cylinder; 26. medical deck chair; 27. a distribution box; 28. Two rows of one layer of trays on the right side; 29. Two rows of two layers of trays on the right side; 30. two rows of three layers of trays on the right side; 31. Two rows of four layers of trays on the right side; 32. A row of two-layer trays on the right side; 33. a row of three-layer trays on the right side; 34. a row of first trays on the right side; 35. A row of second trays on the right side; 37. a decontamination pump; 38. A water tank; 39. A first decontamination agent tank; 40. a second decontamination agent tank; 41. lifting lighting lamp.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Further, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. The present invention will be fully understood by those skilled in the art without the details described herein.
The nuclear radiation protection of the whole system should adopt collective protection to establish three-level positive pressure, prevent outside polluted air from entering a primary positive pressure decontamination chamber and a medical treatment chamber, and avoid polluting indoor air and instruments and equipment and causing injury to personnel.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the nuclear rescue vehicle according to the present embodiment 1 includes a cab, a chassis 1, and a cabin divided into an equipment compartment, an internal circulation decontamination compartment 5, and a primary positive pressure medical compartment 4.
The equipment cabin is close to the cab, is provided with a storage rack, an internal forehead water tank and toxin filtering ventilation equipment, and two sides of the equipment cabin are provided with equipment cabin doors. A lifting lamp 41 is also arranged in the equipment cabin. The equipment cabin comprises four parts, namely a first rescue operation equipment cabin 2, a second rescue operation equipment cabin 3, a third rescue operation equipment cabin 8 and a fourth rescue operation equipment cabin 9. The first rescue operation equipment cabin 2 is internally provided with a left row of one-layer trays 12, a left row of two-layer trays 13, a left row of three-layer trays 14 and a left row of four-layer trays 15. The second rescue operation equipment cabin 3 is internally provided with a left two-row one-layer tray 16, a left two-row two-layer tray 17, a left two-row three-layer tray 18 and a left two-row four-layer tray 19. The third rescue operation equipment compartment 8 is provided with a right row of two-layer trays 32, a right row of three-layer trays 33, a right row of one-layer first trays 34 and a right row of one-layer second trays 35. The fourth rescue operation equipment compartment 9 is provided with a right two-row one-layer tray 28, a right two-row two-layer tray 29, a right two-row three-layer tray 30 and a right two-row four-layer tray 31. The distribution box 27 and the poison filtering ventilation equipment are positioned in the second rescue operation equipment compartment 3.
The medical cabin 4 is positioned at the rear side of the equipment cabin and is internally provided with a medical supplies cabinet 20, a protective clothing cabinet 21, a medical equipment cabinet 22, an oxygen bottle 25 and a medical deck chair 26.
The decontamination cabin 5 is positioned at the rear side of the medical cabin 4 and is divided into a three-stage positive pressure dressing room, a two-stage positive pressure transition cabin 24 and a primary positive pressure decontamination cabin 10, wherein the dressing room is provided with a decontamination cabin door 6, and when the decontamination cabin door 6 is opened, the dressing room is communicated with the outside; the transition cabin 24 is communicated with the dressing room and the decontamination room 10 through a first safety door and a second safety door respectively; the decontamination chamber 10 communicates with the medical compartment 4 through a third safety door. A high pressure gas jet is provided in the transition chamber 24. The tail part of the carriage is provided with a hydraulic tail plate 11, and the hydraulic tail plate 11 is provided with a motorcycle fixing device for fixing the motorcycle 7. The safety door is a push-pull airtight door.
The clothes changing room is provided with a clothes basket 23.
The decontamination chamber 10 includes decontamination equipment including a decontamination pump (containing heating and pressurizing) 37, a water tank 38, a first decontamination agent (BX 29 or BX 40) tank 39, a second decontamination agent (BX 40 or BX 29) tank 40, a decontamination tent, a proportioning stand, and a decontamination agent spray head. And the device also comprises an illuminating lamp, a handheld detecting instrument and a sewage collecting bag. The water tank 38 and the decontamination pump 37 are connected with a proportioning bracket and a first decontamination agent tank 39 through a pressure reducing valve; the water tank 38 and the decontamination pump 37 are connected with the decontamination agent nozzle and the second decontamination agent tank 40 through a pressure reducing valve or directly; the proportioning bracket is connected with the internal forehead water tank and the decontamination pump 37 at the same time, and the decontamination agent spray head is connected with the decontamination pump 37.
When the water tank is used for personnel decontamination, the decontamination pump 37 and the pressure water tank are connected to a proportioning bracket in the decontamination inflatable tent or a decontamination pump standard decontamination agent spray head WW75M through a pressure reducing valve and a hose, and the automatic proportioning of BX40 decontamination agent and water is realized through the proportioning bracket, so that shower water is provided, and the WW75M decontamination agent spray head can be used for assisting personnel with serious injury to decontaminate.
When used for plant decontamination, the decontamination pump 37 and the pressurized water tank are connected by hoses to the decontamination agent spray head and the BX40 decontamination agent for providing plant decontamination water.
The decontamination chamber 10 comprises a decontamination tent, after decontamination, the decontamination tent is tested and then enters the medical cabin 4 through a third sliding airtight door. The bottom of the decontamination tent is provided with an opening, and the opening is connected with a sewage collecting bag.
The decontamination cabin 5 is protected by adopting an internal circulation purification mode, and the overpressure is established by the air quantity of the medical cabin 4. The device mainly aims at the polluted air brought in by personnel entering and exiting to carry out circulating purification. The decontamination cabin 5 is mainly used for decontaminating personnel and equipment vehicles in a vehicle, can decontaminate search and rescue personnel and trapped and injured personnel simply, reduces continuous injury to personnel caused by radioactive contamination to the greatest extent, facilitates next-step emergency medical assistance, and collects decontaminated waste water.
The decontamination pod 5 according to the invention has the following characteristics:
(1) The inflatable decontamination tent is used for personnel decontamination, polluted personnel can decontaminate the tent to avoid the pollution of pollutants to the vehicle body, and the personnel can remove protective clothing for decontamination and can wear the protective clothing for decontamination;
(2) The sewage in the tent is directly discharged into an under-vehicle sewage collecting box through a drain pipe;
(3) The inflatable tent door curtain adopts a zipper type (symmetrically opened door, one inlet and one outlet) and air column materials: PVC double-sided coating is densely distributed, and has pedal type inflation function. And (3) built-in: the safety valve is one, the air charging and discharging valve is one lamp and the hand-held spray head is 1;
(4) The sewage collecting box adopts PVC double-sided coating air-tight material, is completely sealed and is used for collecting sewage.
The toxin filtering and ventilating equipment mainly comprises a filtering unit, an adsorption unit, a fan, a shell and the like. The fan provides wind power, and the air is filtered, adsorbed and purified after passing through the filtering unit and the adsorption unit.
The toxin filtering and ventilating equipment is not started at ordinary times, and when personnel enter the decontamination cabin, the toxin filtering and ventilating equipment is started manually to carry out circulating purification; after the personnel go out, the device is required to be opened indoors by personnel in the medical cabin to circularly purify the polluted air entering from the outside.
The nuclear rescue vehicle further comprises a nuclear radiation protection system, and the nuclear radiation protection system consists of a nuclear radiation probe, an overpressure detection device, an oxygen monitor, an oxygen generator, a nuclear protection device and a controller.
When gamma rays generated by nuclear radiation outside the automobile reach an alarm threshold value, or when the oxygen content of the automobile is lower than 18.5% under a closed condition, the controller sends an alarm signal, and simultaneously automatically starts the protection device to enter a protection state, clean air is provided for the automobile, the overpressure detection device monitors the overpressure in the automobile in real time, the controller displays the overpressure, the nuclear radiation and the oxygen content value in real time, and when pollution is eliminated or the oxygen content reaches 20.0%, the alarm signal is released, and meanwhile, the protection device stops working. The system has two functions of hand and automatic, and can also manually start the purifying device to enter a protection working state.
The nuclear accident happens suddenly, and the development is rapid, and the influence scope is wide, and relates to the number of people is many, in order to make nuclear accident medical emergency rescue more high-efficient, swift, this embodiment nuclear rescue car is equipped with small-size medical cabin for more wounded get timely rescue in the scene. The main purpose of the medical cabin 4 is live rescue, the basic task of which is to evacuate the wounded person and to perform the necessary medical treatment on it:
(1) Primarily estimating the irradiated dose of the personnel, and performing primary classification diagnosis on the wounded person; the type and the degree of injury of the wounded person are determined, so that reasonable medical treatment and post-treatment can be carried out on the wounded person in time, and the cure rate is improved;
(2) Rescuing critical wounded in situ, carrying out cardiopulmonary resuscitation, asphyxia, respiratory failure treatment, shock rescue and the like on the critical wounded, maintaining the stable vital signs of the critical wounded, and facilitating the transfer out of a polluted area for subsequent treatment;
(3) Simple injury treatment is carried out on the light wounded person, and hemostasis, binding, fixation and the like are carried out on the body surface and the internal wound;
(4) Performing body surface pollution inspection and preliminary determination of whether personnel are contaminated by radionuclides, and if necessary, using radiopharmaceuticals, stable iodides or other absorption and excretion-promoting measures.
(5) The wounded person transporting function is provided with the wounded person fixing belt, so that secondary infection of wounded persons can be avoided.
The rescue method adopts the nuclear rescue vehicle, and achieves the aim of preprocessing injured or radiation polluted personnel in a nuclear radiation pollution area by optimizing the shelter structural design so as to reduce the phenomenon of disability caused by the fact that the rescued personnel cannot be timely cured due to external irradiation. The two-thirds area at the rear part of the vehicle-mounted shelter is used as a medical cabin and a decontamination cabin, and the decontamination cabin is divided into three areas of a dressing room, a transition cabin and a decontamination room according to the sequence of personnel entering the cabin.
The method comprises the following steps:
step 101, a rescuee is sent to a dressing room of the decontamination cabin through the decontamination cabin door, the clothing stained with the radiation substances is removed, and then the rescue worker is sent to the transition cabin;
step 102: the transition cabin compresses and discharges the radiation dust entering the decontamination cabin through high-pressure gas so as to ensure that the following decontamination and air in the medical cabin are clean and dust-free;
step 103: the person to be rescued is sent into a decontamination chamber, and the decontamination equipment adopts a first decontamination agent and/or a second decontamination agent to carry out body surface decontamination operation on the person to be rescued;
step 104: after decontamination, the rescued personnel are sent into a medical cabin to receive emergency treatment.
According to the site situation, in the medical cabin, mainly the following emergency medical treatments are performed:
1. cleaning, closing and wrapping wounds;
2. the prevention of radiation disease-taking iodine tablet mainly prevents the radiation dose of iodine isotope from being taken in;
3. fix the non-open fracture part, prevent the broken bones from penetrating into other tissues such as viscera of the body, and avoid the condition of internal bleeding.
After the personnel to be rescued are put on clean clothes in the medical cabin and wear protective clothing and breathing gear, the personnel to be rescued leave the nuclear rescue vehicle through the decontamination cabin and are transported to a safe area by an external wounded transport vehicle or other rescue vehicles. The rescuee with poor mobility enters the positive pressure stretcher and lifts out of the shelter. Also transported by an external wounded transport vehicle or other rescue vehicle to a safe area for further examination and treatment.
The technical implementation means of the invention comprises:
multistage decreasing positive pressure system
According to the cleanliness of each cabin, the pressure is divided into primary positive pressure (medical cabin and decontamination chamber), secondary positive pressure (transition cabin), tertiary positive pressure (dressing chamber) and normal atmospheric pressure from high to low. The system has the air filtration system with the filtration precision reaching 99.999 percent, and the outside air is poured into the first-stage positive pressure cabin after three-stage filtration, and the other cabins are respectively provided with air outlets to form positive pressure steps, so that the outside air with radioactive dust is prevented from entering the square cabin through cabin door gaps.
Vacuum decontamination system
The water outlet of the decontamination equipment is designed as a suction backwater type water outlet, and the central part of the water outlet has a suction backwater function. When in decontamination, the silica gel decontamination spray head is attached to the skin of a human body, the water outlet sprays a decontamination agent aqueous solution, and the body of a person to be decontaminated is quickly cleaned by using the high-pressure aqueous solution. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the decontaminated wastewater from remaining in the decontamination cabin, a vacuum water suction port in the center of the spray head pumps the wastewater back into a wastewater collection system of the decontamination system. Ensure thorough decontamination and no residue. The decontamination system is provided with a heating function, and the decontamination water temperature is adjustable.
Nuclear-grade positive pressure type sealing stretcher
The nuclear-grade positive pressure sealing stretcher is designed, so that the wounded who is treated in an emergency can be sealed in the stretcher, and the wounded is effectively prevented from being damaged by radioactive dust again after being taken out of the cabin.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that changes can be made to the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above-described embodiments are exemplary only, and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the claims herein.
Claims (5)
1. A medical decontamination integrated nuclear rescue vehicle is characterized in that the nuclear rescue vehicle comprises a cab, a chassis vehicle and a carriage, the carriage is divided into an equipment cabin, an internal circulation purification decontamination cabin and a primary positive pressure medical cabin,
the inner circulation purifying decontamination cabin is positioned at the rear side of the primary positive pressure medical cabin and is divided into a tertiary positive pressure dressing room, a secondary positive pressure transition cabin and a primary positive pressure decontamination room, wherein the tertiary positive pressure dressing room is provided with a decontamination cabin door, and when the decontamination cabin door is opened, the tertiary positive pressure dressing room is communicated with the outside; the secondary positive pressure transition cabin is communicated with the tertiary positive pressure dressing room and the primary positive pressure decontamination room through a first safety door and a second safety door respectively; the primary positive pressure decontamination chamber is communicated with the primary positive pressure medical cabin through a third safety door,
the primary positive pressure medical cabin and the internal circulation purifying decontamination cabin adopt lead plate protection, and the internal circulation purifying decontamination cabin adopts a multistage decreasing positive pressure system, wherein the multistage decreasing positive pressure system specifically comprises: the primary positive pressure medical cabin, the primary positive pressure decontamination chamber and the secondary positive pressure transition cabin adopt the primary positive pressure to be more than the secondary positive pressure and the tertiary positive pressure dressing chamber adopt the tertiary positive pressure to be more than the normal atmospheric pressure;
the equipment compartment comprises: the first rescue operation equipment cabin, the second rescue operation equipment cabin, the third rescue operation equipment cabin and the fourth rescue operation equipment cabin are positioned in the second rescue operation equipment cabin;
the nuclear rescue vehicle further comprises a nuclear radiation protection system, and is composed of a nuclear radiation probe, an overpressure detection device, an oxygen monitor, an oxygen generator, a nuclear protection device and a controller, wherein the nuclear radiation probe, the overpressure detection device, the oxygen monitor, the oxygen generator and the nuclear protection device are all connected with the controller, and the controller is also communicated with the toxin filtering ventilation equipment; the nuclear radiation probe is used for detecting the gamma-ray content outside the vehicle, the overpressure detection device and the oxygen monitor the overpressure and the oxygen content in the vehicle in real time, the controller displays the overpressure, the nuclear radiation and the oxygen content value in real time, and when the gamma-ray reaches an alarm threshold or the oxygen content of the vehicle is lower than 18.5% under the airtight condition, the controller sends out an alarm signal and simultaneously starts the toxin filtering ventilation equipment to enter a protection state;
wherein, the primary positive pressure decontamination chamber comprises: the decontamination equipment comprises a decontamination pump, a water tank, a first decontamination agent tank, a second decontamination agent tank, a decontamination tent, a proportioning bracket and a decontamination agent spray head, wherein the water tank and the decontamination pump are connected with the proportioning bracket and the first decontamination agent tank through a pressure reducing valve; the water tank and the decontamination pump are connected with the decontamination agent spray head and the second decontamination agent tank through a pressure reducing valve or directly; the proportioning bracket is connected with a water tank and a decontamination pump which are arranged in the equipment cabin, and a water outlet of the decontamination agent spray head adopts a suction backwater type water outlet.
2. The nuclear rescue vehicle of claim 1, wherein a nuclear-grade positive pressure type sealing stretcher is further arranged in the third rescue operation equipment cabin.
3. The nuclear rescue vehicle of claim 1,
the decontamination tent is an inflatable decontamination tent, a safety valve, an inflation and deflation valve, an illumination lamp and a hand-held spray head are arranged in the inflatable decontamination tent, an opening is formed in the bottom of the inflatable decontamination tent, and the opening is connected with a sewage collecting bag.
4. The nuclear rescue vehicle of claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third safety doors are push-pull airtight doors.
5. Rescue method using a nuclear rescue vehicle according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that it comprises in particular the following steps:
step 1: the rescuee is sent to a dressing room of the inner circulation purifying decontamination cabin through the decontamination cabin door, the clothing stained with the radiant substances is removed, and then the rescue worker is sent to the secondary positive pressure transition cabin;
step 2: the secondary positive pressure transition cabin compresses and discharges the radiation dust entering the internal circulation purification type decontamination cabin through high-pressure gas so as to ensure that the air entering the primary positive pressure decontamination chamber and the primary positive pressure medical cabin is clean and dust-free;
step 3: the rescuee is sent into a primary positive pressure decontamination chamber, and the decontamination equipment adopts a first decontamination agent and/or a second decontamination agent to carry out body surface decontamination operation on the rescuee;
step 4: after decontamination, the rescued personnel are sent into the primary positive pressure medical cabin to receive emergency treatment.
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