CN110788130A - Ecological restoration method for polluted soil in copper ore area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for polluted soil in copper ore area Download PDFInfo
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- CN110788130A CN110788130A CN201911127732.6A CN201911127732A CN110788130A CN 110788130 A CN110788130 A CN 110788130A CN 201911127732 A CN201911127732 A CN 201911127732A CN 110788130 A CN110788130 A CN 110788130A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil ecological restoration, and discloses an ecological restoration method for polluted soil in a copper mine area, which is characterized by clearing large pumice stones on the surface of the polluted soil in the mine area, turning and crushing the soil to be restored, airing the soil, and repeating the operation for 2-3 times; adding a proper amount of municipal sludge into the aired soil of the mining area, after stabilizing for 20-30 days, turning over again, and designing a drainage ditch and a water collecting tank; spreading dayflower seeds or transplanting dayflower seedlings on the stably turned and finished mining area soil to realize vegetation recovery. The invention selects the municipal sludge as the additive, thereby not only improving the nutrient content of the soil in the mining area and meeting the normal requirement of plant growth, but also realizing the treatment of the municipal sludge; the improved polluted soil of the copper ore area is repaired by utilizing the hyper-enrichment plant dayflower, so that double pollution caused by sludge addition is avoided; the municipal sludge is used for restoring the soil plants in the mining area, so that the waste is treated by the waste, and the method has good economic and environmental benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological restoration method for polluted soil in a copper ore area.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art:
the development of mineral resources makes great contribution to the economic construction of China, but large-area mining area waste land and soil heavy metal pollution are caused due to rough mining means and improper management. These waste soils contaminated with heavy metals seriously destroy the ecological environment around the mining area and directly or indirectly threaten the life health of surrounding residents through various ways.
The traditional restoration method of the abandoned soil in the mining area comprises engineering restoration, physical and chemical restoration and the like. The methods can reduce the pollution degree of heavy metals in the soil to a certain degree, but have limitations, such as large investment, difficulty in large-scale treatment of the polluted soil, reduction of the activity of the treated soil and the like. In recent years, ecological restoration has gradually become a hot spot of research. The ecological restoration, particularly the plant restoration, has the characteristics of small investment, good effect, no secondary pollution and the like, and has huge application prospect in the mine soil restoration.
The key of phytoremediation of waste mining area soil is to screen out plants capable of performing hyper-enrichment on heavy metals. The super-enriched plants have high tolerance to heavy metals, and the heavy metals in the soil can be transferred to overground parts such as stems, leaves and the like through developed root systems, so that the polluted soil can be repaired. At present, the hyperaccumulator plants screened and screened for use in the remediation of waste soil in mining areas include thymifoious euphorbia herb, ciliate desert grass, elsholtzia haichowensis, dayflower and the like. Chinese patent CN 101670360A discloses an application of sinosenecio in repairing mine soil and sludge polluted by heavy metal copper, which is to plant sinosenecio in mine soil or sludge polluted by heavy metal copper. Although the method can play a role in restoring the abandoned mine soil, the problems of low plant survival rate, difficult growth and the like exist due to poor physicochemical property and low nutrient content of the mine soil.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: (1) the engineering restoration, the physical and chemical restoration and other methods have limitations, such as large investment, difficulty in large-scale treatment of polluted soil, reduction of activity of treated soil and the like.
(2) In the phytoremediation method, due to poor physicochemical properties and low nutrient content of the soil in the mining area, the problems of low plant survival rate, difficult growth and the like exist in the existing technology for remedying the waste soil of the mine.
(3) In the process of phytoremediation, the soil of barren areas generally needs to be improved, and at present, chemical methods are commonly used, namely, medicaments are added for conditioning, so that the cost is increased, and meanwhile, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are easily changed, and secondary pollution is caused.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: (1) aiming at the limitations of methods such as engineering restoration, physical and chemical restoration and the like, no better solution exists at present, and the problem existing in the independent use of the method is usually avoided by using a combined method of engineering and plant restoration.
(2) In phytoremediation, waste soil is low in fertility and poor in soil and needs to be improved, but how to ensure that secondary pollution is not caused by selection and application amount of the modifier is also one of the difficulties to be solved.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: the method solves the problems of barren soil in the mining area, slow plant growth and the like, can improve the survival rate of the plants, and increases the removal effect of the plants on heavy metals in the soil. Meanwhile, the novel mining area soil conditioner is provided, can be applied to the polluted soil of a copper mining area and other types of polluted soil, and is beneficial to large-area popularization and application of phytoremediation of the abandoned soil of the mining area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of low survival rate, slow growth and the like of the hyperaccumulator in the process of restoring the abandoned soil of the mining area, the invention provides an ecological restoration method of the polluted soil of the copper mine area, which can meet the requirements of the hyperaccumulator for the nutrients required by the normal growth of the hyperaccumulator, improve the survival rate of the hyperaccumulator and restore the soil.
The invention is realized in such a way that the ecological restoration method of the polluted soil in the copper ore area comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, removing large pumice stones polluting the ground surface of the soil in the mining area, turning and crushing the soil to be repaired, airing, and repeating for 2-3 times.
And step two, adding a proper amount of municipal sludge into the aired soil of the mining area, after stabilizing for 20-30 days, turning over again, and designing a drainage ditch and a water collecting tank.
And step three, spreading dayflower seeds or transplanting dayflower seedlings on the stably turned and finished soil of the mining area to realize vegetation recovery.
Further, in the first step, the turning depth is 15-30 cm, the mixture is crushed to the particle size of 2-4 cm, and the drying is carried out for 4-5 days. So that the soil particles in the mining area are uniformly distributed and are conveniently mixed with the municipal sludge.
Further, in the second step, the municipal sludge is sludge dewatered by a sewage plant and is directly applied to the soil of the mining area. The secondary treatment and disposal of the municipal sludge in special sites are avoided, and the capital investment is reduced.
Further, in the second step, the adding proportion of the municipal sludge is 10-15%. The municipal sludge with the content can meet the normal nutritional requirements of plant growth, and can not cause excessive accumulation of heavy metals.
Further, in the second step, the adding mode of the municipal sludge is layered adding, namely the bottom layer is a mine soil layer, the middle layer is a sludge layer, and the top layer is a covering soil layer. The thickness of the soil covering layer is 10-15 cm, and the secondary turning depth is 20-35 cm. The mixed mode of soil, sludge and soil provides a good environment for stable fermentation of sludge, and is beneficial to the absorption and utilization of nutrient elements in the sludge by plants in the later period.
Further, in the second step, a water collecting pond is arranged every 80-100 square meters of the mining area soil. The length of the water collecting tank is 2m, the width is 1m, and the depth is 1 m. The catch basin is used to collect surface water and part of the filtrate due to rainfall during the mixing of sludge and mineral soil.
Furthermore, in the third step, the dayflower has a developed root system and vigorous vitality, can survive under natural conditions by sowing seeds or transplanting after meeting basic nutritional conditions, and does not need to be specially managed in the whole growth process.
Further, in the third step, the dayflower can transfer heavy metal Cu in the soil of the mining area to overground tissues such as stems, leaves and the like through a root system, so that the heavy metal in the soil can be removed.
Further, the dayflower can be periodically harvested after the overground part of the dayflower forms certain biomass, and drying incineration or other treatment is carried out.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:
(1) according to the ecological restoration method for the polluted soil in the copper mine area, provided by the invention, the municipal sludge is selected as the additive, so that the nutrient content of the soil in the mine area is improved, the normal requirement of plant growth is met, and the treatment and disposal of the municipal sludge are realized. The municipal sludge contains a large amount of N, P, K and other nutrient elements, and the addition of the municipal sludge in a proper proportion can effectively improve the nutrient content of the mine soil and is beneficial to the survival and growth of hyper-enriched plants. Meanwhile, the problem of sludge treatment and disposal is solved to a certain extent.
(2) The improved copper ore area polluted soil is repaired by utilizing the hyper-enrichment plant dayflower, so that double pollution caused by sludge addition is avoided. The sludge also contains heavy metals, toxic and harmful substances and the like, and the heavy metals can be effectively removed by strictly controlling the addition amount, mixing with the soil of a mining area, stabilizing and then repairing by utilizing the hyper-enrichment plant dayflower.
(3) The urban sludge is used for restoring the soil plants in the mining area, belongs to the treatment of waste by waste, and has good economic and environmental benefits. The municipal sludge belongs to solid waste, is used for repairing mine soil, treats waste with waste, realizes the recycling of secondary resources, and has feasibility in terms of economic and environmental benefits.
Taking the waste soil of the mining area of the big metallurgy of the Hubei Aerugo as an example, the physicochemical properties of the original soil and the soil added with the sludge with the content of 15 percent are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of original soil and Mixed soil
The fertility of the original soil basically belongs to a three-level standard (the agricultural industry standard (appendix A) (NY/T391-2000)/soil (dry land) fertility grading reference index), and is quite barren; the fertility grade of the mixed soil reaches the first-grade standard.
Meanwhile, after the sludge is mixed with the waste soil of the mining area, the content of heavy metal Cu in the soil is increased from 929.75mg/kg to 982.15 mg/kg. However, after 90 days of planting the dayflower, the Cu content is reduced to 468.23 mg/kg. Therefore, through continuous planting of multiple crops, the heavy metal content in the mixed soil can be effectively reduced, and the aim of phytoremediation of the waste mining area soil is fulfilled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an ecological remediation method for contaminated soil in a copper ore region according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of dayflower growth after 90 days of planting as provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a second graph of dayflower growth after 90 days of planting as provided by an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Due to poor physicochemical properties and low nutrient content of the soil in the mining area, the existing technology for restoring the abandoned soil of the mine has the problems of low plant survival rate, difficult growth and the like.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological restoration method for polluted soil in a copper ore area, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for ecologically restoring the contaminated soil in the copper ore region provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: and (3) removing large pumice stones polluting the ground surface of the soil in the mining area, turning and crushing the soil to be restored, airing, and repeating for 2-3 times.
S102: and adding a proper amount of municipal sludge into the aired soil of the mining area, stabilizing for 20-30 days, turning over again, and designing a drainage ditch and a water collecting tank.
S103: spreading dayflower seeds or transplanting dayflower seedlings on the stably turned and finished mining area soil to realize vegetation recovery.
The turning depth in S101 provided by the invention is 15-30 cm, the particles are crushed to 2-4 cm, and the drying is carried out for 4-5 days.
The municipal sludge in S102 provided by the invention is sludge dehydrated by a sewage plant and is directly applied to the soil of the mining area. The adding proportion of the municipal sludge is 10-15%. The adding mode of the municipal sludge is layered adding, namely the bottom layer is a mineral soil layer, the middle layer is a sludge layer, and the top layer is a covering soil layer. The thickness of the covering layer is 10-15 cm. And the final turning depth is 20-35 cm. A water collecting tank is arranged in every 80-100 square meters of mining area soil, the length of the water collecting tank is 2m, the width of the water collecting tank is 1m, and the depth of the water collecting tank is 1 m.
The dayflower in S103 provided by the invention has a developed root system and vigorous vitality, can survive under natural conditions by sowing seeds or transplanting after meeting basic nutritional conditions, and does not need special management in the whole growth process. The dayflower can transfer heavy metal Cu in the soil of the mining area to overground tissues such as stems and leaves through a root system, so that the heavy metal in the soil can be removed. The dayflower can be periodically harvested after the overground part of the dayflower forms certain biomass, and is dried and incinerated or otherwise treated.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for ecologically restoring abandoned soil in a mining area, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: removing large pumice stone blocks polluting the ground surface of the soil in the mining area, turning and crushing the soil to be restored, airing and repeating for 2 times.
Step two: adding a proper amount of municipal sludge into the aired soil of the mining area, after stabilizing for 20 days, turning over again, and designing a drainage ditch and a water collecting tank.
Step three: spreading dayflower seeds or transplanting dayflower seedlings on the stable soil of the mining area to realize vegetation recovery.
The soil in the first step provided by the embodiment of the invention is turned to a depth of 15cm, crushed to a particle size of 2-3 cm, and aired for 4 days.
The dewatered sludge of the sewage plant provided by the embodiment of the invention is directly applied to the soil of the mining area, and the addition proportion is 10%. The adding mode of the municipal sludge is layered adding, namely the bottom layer is a mineral soil layer, the middle layer is a sludge layer, and the top layer is a covering soil layer. The thickness of the covering layer is 10 cm. And after the stable days are reached, turning over again, wherein the turning depth is 20 cm. A water collecting tank is arranged in every 80 square meters of mining area soil, and the length of the water collecting tank is 2m, the width of the water collecting tank is 1m, and the depth of the water collecting tank is 1 m.
The Commelina communis provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to be specially managed in the whole growth process, and can be periodically harvested after the overground part of the Commelina communis forms a certain biomass, and then dried, burned or otherwise treated.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for ecologically restoring abandoned soil in a mining area, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: removing large pumice stone blocks polluting the ground surface of the soil in the mining area, turning and crushing the soil to be restored, airing and repeating for 3 times.
Step two: adding a proper amount of municipal sludge into the aired soil of the mining area, after stabilizing for 30 days, turning over again, and designing a drainage ditch and a water collecting tank.
Step three: spreading dayflower seeds or transplanting dayflower seedlings on the stable soil of the mining area to realize vegetation recovery.
The soil provided by the embodiment of the invention is turned to a depth of 30cm, crushed to a particle size of 3-4 cm, and aired for 5 days.
The dewatered sludge of the sewage plant provided by the embodiment of the invention is directly applied to the soil of the mining area, and the addition proportion is 15%. The adding mode of the municipal sludge is layered adding, namely the bottom layer is a mineral soil layer, the middle layer is a sludge layer, and the top layer is a covering soil layer. The thickness of the covering soil layer is 15 cm. And after the stable days are reached, turning over again, wherein the turning depth is 35 cm. A water collecting tank is arranged in every 100 square meters of mining area soil, and the length of the water collecting tank is 2m, the width of the water collecting tank is 1m, and the depth of the water collecting tank is 1 m.
The Commelina communis provided by the embodiment of the invention does not need to be specially managed in the whole growth process, and can be periodically harvested after the overground part of the Commelina communis forms a certain biomass, and then dried, burned or otherwise treated.
Example 3
After 90 days of planting, dayflower growth is shown in fig. 2 (which shows only the first 30 days).
Harvesting the overground part of the dayflower, uniformly selecting the part, and measuring the biomass, stem length and heavy metal content as follows:
| biomass (g/cm)2) | Stem length (cm) | Heavy Metal content of plants (mg/g) | |
| Original soil | 3.24 | 15.3 | 247.55 |
| Mixed soil | 4.31 | 19.28 | 393.18 |
Therefore, the stubble part continues to grow and reap, and the heavy metal copper pollution in the soil of the mining area can be effectively repaired by continuous extraction.
Example 4
After 90 days of planting, the growth of Commelina communis is shown in figure 3 (this figure only shows the first 30 days).
Harvesting the overground part of the dayflower, uniformly selecting the part, and measuring the biomass, stem length and heavy metal content as follows:
therefore, the stubble part continues to grow and reap, and the continuous extraction can effectively carry out phytoremediation on the polluted soil in the copper mine area.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological restoration method for the polluted soil in the copper mine area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
removing large pumice stones polluting the ground surface of the soil in the mining area, turning and crushing the soil to be restored, airing, and repeating for 2-3 times;
adding a proper amount of municipal sludge into the aired soil of the mining area, after stabilizing for 20-30 days, turning over again, and designing a drainage ditch and a water collecting tank;
and step three, spreading dayflower seeds or transplanting dayflower seedlings on the stably turned and finished soil of the mining area, and recovering vegetation.
2. The ecological remediation method for the contaminated soil in the copper ore area as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the ploughing depth is 15-30 cm, the ploughing depth is reduced to 2-4 cm, and the soil is aired for 4-5 days.
3. The method for ecologically remedying the contaminated soil in the copper mine area according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the municipal sludge is sludge dehydrated by a sewage plant and is directly applied to the soil in the mine area.
4. The method for ecologically remedying the contaminated soil in the copper ore area according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the adding proportion of the municipal sludge is 10 to 15 percent.
5. The ecological remediation method of copper mine area contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein in step two, the municipal sludge is added in a layered manner, i.e., the bottom layer is a mineral soil layer, the middle layer is a sludge layer, and the top layer is a cover soil layer; the thickness of the soil covering layer is 10-15 cm, and the secondary turning depth is 20-35 cm.
6. The ecological remediation method of the contaminated soil in the copper mine area of claim 1, wherein in the second step, a water collecting pond is arranged every 80-100 square meters of the soil in the copper mine area.
7. The method for the ecological remediation of contaminated soil from a copper ore area of claim 1, wherein the catch basin is 2m long, 1m wide and 1m deep.
8. The method for ecologically remedying the contaminated soil in the copper ore area according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the dayflower is sown with seeds or transplanted under natural conditions after meeting the basic nutritional conditions.
9. The method for ecologically remedying the contaminated soil in the copper mine area as defined in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the dayflower can transfer the heavy metal Cu in the soil in the mine area to the overground tissue of stems and leaves through a root system, so as to remove the heavy metal in the soil.
10. The method for ecologically remedying the contaminated soil in the copper mine area according to claim 1, wherein the overground part of the Commelina communis is harvested periodically after a certain biomass is formed, and is subjected to drying incineration treatment.
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Cited By (1)
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