CN110784140A - 一种五相异步电机按定子磁场定向的控制策略 - Google Patents

一种五相异步电机按定子磁场定向的控制策略 Download PDF

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CN110784140A
CN110784140A CN201910846877.5A CN201910846877A CN110784140A CN 110784140 A CN110784140 A CN 110784140A CN 201910846877 A CN201910846877 A CN 201910846877A CN 110784140 A CN110784140 A CN 110784140A
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孟大伟
徐艺玲
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Harbin University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/0003Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/14Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P21/00Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
    • H02P21/22Current control, e.g. using a current control loop

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种五相异步电机按定子磁场定向的控制策略。考虑五相异步电机的特点,该控制策略综合了矢量控制和直接转矩控制的优点。从转矩控制效果出发,在定子电阻压降补偿的基础上,通过定子直轴电势控制定子磁链,并通过控制电流转矩分量来达到控制转矩的目的,既实现了定子磁链和转矩的连续控制,又避开了系统控制器对转子参数的依赖性。采用了连续的控制方法克服了滞环控制带来的转矩脉动。本发明适用于电力电子与电力传动领域。

Description

一种五相异步电机按定子磁场定向的控制策略
技术领域
本发明涉及电力电子与电力拖动领域,特别是涉及一种多相异步电机的变频调速控制系统领域。
背景技术
对于异步电机变频调速系统,控制了电机的转矩特性,也就控制了电机的转速。因此,交流调速系统的根本问题是转矩控制。
交流电机的转矩一般和定、转子的旋转磁场及其夹角有关,因此,在一个调速系统中,如欲控制转矩,必先控制磁通。在磁场定向控制(或称矢量控制,FOC)中,借助于坐标变换把静止坐标系中的各交流量转化为同步坐标系中两个互相垂直的分量,即励磁分量和转矩分量,进而实现磁通和转矩的分别闭环控制(也即解耦)。直接转矩控制(DTC)则抛弃了坐标变换的做法,不去考虑如何使定子电流解耦,而直接着眼于对转矩的控制,而且这种“直接自控制”的思路不仅用于转矩控制,而且也用于磁通的自控制。
对于五相异步电机数学模型的分析可以证明,五相异步电机在静止坐标系下的数学模型与三相异步电机数学的数学模型是一致的。这样,广泛用于三相异步电机的FOC和DTC等调速控制技术都可以用于五相异步电机的变频调速。但是五相异步电机的特点决定了它的应用场合应该是可靠性要求高、稳态转速脉动小、运行平稳的系统。五相异步电机本身的控制量要远远多于三相系统,这就要求系统的调速控制策略在满足性能要求的前提下,尽量简化。从这一角度看,DTC有优势,因为矢量控制算法中坐标变换及磁场定向等环节比较复杂,会大大增加处理器的负担,而且转子磁场定向控制受转子参数变化影响较大。但传统的DTC控制中由于对磁链和转矩的调节都是采用滞环或双位砰-砰控制,低速时转矩脉动较大,造成DTC系统低速性能恶化、调速范围不宽。因此可以综合矢量控制和直接转矩控制的优点,寻找一种控制策略,既简单又能满足高性能传动要求。目前这已成为高性能调速系统追求的目标之一。对五相异步电机调速系统而言,这一点显得尤为必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种五相异步电机按定子磁场定向的控制策略,此控制策略可以用于其他多相异步电机变频调速系统的分析研究,为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提出一种五相异步电机按定子磁场定向的控制策略,其特征是:
一、定子磁链采用连续的闭环控制,在补偿定子电阻压降的基础上直接控制定子磁链的变化率;
二、转速控制采用与矢量控制相仿的结构,内环为定子电流转矩分量控制,实现了转矩电流的快速跟随;
三、第二环是电磁转矩闭环控制,用以抑制定子磁链对转矩的扰动,最外环为转速闭环。
在一中,定子磁链采用连续的闭环控制,在补偿定子电阻压降的基础上直接控制定子磁链的变化率,其定子磁链的变换率表示为:
Figure BDA0002195222300000021
其中:Rsd为定子直轴电阻,isd为定子直轴电流,usd为定子直轴电压,ed为直轴电势。
在二中,通过定子直轴电势控制定子磁链,当系统稳态时,定子磁链的表达式为:
ψsd=lsisd-Trσlsmr)isq
其中:ψsd为定子磁链,ls为定子侧电感,Tr为转子时间常数,σ为漏磁系数,ωm为定子磁场旋转角速度,ωr为电机转速。
在三中,为了抑制定子磁链对转矩的影响,使用电磁转矩闭环控制,电磁转矩的表达式为:
Te=npisqψsd
其中:np为电动机极对数。
综上所述,可以得到五相异步电机按定子磁场定向控制系统原理图。
根据上述控制策略,对五相异步电机的变频调速进行按定子磁场的定向控制,比直接使用FOC或DTC控制更加满足五相异步电机的调速性能要求,能够对其他多相异步电机的调速控制系统进行进一步的分析研究。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍。
图1为五相异步电机按定子磁场定向控制系统原理图图2为定子磁链控制图图3为电磁转矩控制图
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例
本实施例提出一种五相异步电机按定子磁场定向的控制策略,该控制策略包括:
一、定子磁链采用连续的闭环控制,在补偿定子电阻压降的基础上直接控制定子磁链的变化率;
二、转速控制采用与矢量控制相仿的结构,内环为定子电流转矩分量控制,实现了转矩电流的快速跟随;
三、第二环是电磁转矩闭环控制,用以抑制定子磁链对转矩的扰动,最外环为转速闭环。
在一中,结合附图2,根据定子磁链与定子电流转矩分量共同作用产生电磁转矩,而定子电流转矩分量也同时影响定子磁链,耦合较大。因此,需要采用定子磁链闭环控制,在补偿定子电阻压降的基础上直接控制定子磁链的变化率,以抑制定子电流转矩分量对定子磁链的影响。根据定子磁链给定值ψ*sd和实际值ψsd的偏差Δψsd设计磁链调节器,产生直轴电势给定值e*d,再加上定子电阻压降,产生定子电压直轴分量给定值u*sd。定子磁链变换率表示为:
其中:Rsd为定子直轴电阻,isd为定子直轴电流,usd为定子直轴电压,ed为直轴电势。
在二中,通过定子直轴电势控制定子磁链,当系统稳态时,定子磁链的表达式为:
ψsd=lsisd-Trσlsmr)isq
其中:ψsd为定子磁链,ls为定子侧电感,Tr为转子时间常数,σ为漏磁系数,ωm为定子磁场旋转角速度,ωr为电机转速。
在三中,结合附图3,为了有效抑制定子磁链对转矩的影响,可在转速环和电流转矩分量环之间增设转矩闭环。转速调节器的输出作为转矩调节器的给定T*e,转矩调节器的输出作为电流调节器的输入i*sq。当定子磁链变化时,电磁转矩随之改变,转矩调节器对转矩偏差进行调节及时改i*sq。从而使得电磁转矩跟随给定值,抑制定子转矩的扰动。电磁转矩的表达式为:
Te=npisqψsd
其中:np为电动机极对数。
综上所述,结合附图1,是五相异步电机按定子磁场定向控制系统原理图。
根据上述控制方法,对五相异步电机的变频调速进行按定子磁场的定向控制,比直接使用FOC或DTC控制更加满足五相异步电机的调速性能要求,能够对其他多相异步电机的调速控制系统进行进一步的分析研究。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (4)

1.一种五相异步电机按定子磁场定向的控制策略,其特征是:
一、定子磁链采用连续的闭环控制,在补偿定子电阻压降的基础上直接控制定子磁链的变化率;
二、转速控制采用与矢量控制相仿的结构,内环为定子电流转矩分量控制,实现了转矩电流的快速跟随;
三、第二环是电磁转矩闭环控制,用以抑制定子磁链对转矩的扰动,最外环为转速闭环。
2.根据权利要求1所述的定子磁链采用连续的闭环控制,在补偿定子电阻压降的基础上直接控制定子磁链的变化率,其特征是:定子磁链与定子电流转矩分量共同作用产生电磁转矩,而定子电流转矩分量也同时影响定子磁链,耦合较大,因此,需要采用定子磁链闭环控制,以抑制定子电流转矩分量对定子磁链的影响,根据定子磁链给定值ψ*sd和实际值ψsd的偏差Δψsd设计磁链调节器,产生直轴电
势给定值e*d,再加上定子电阻压降,产生定子电压直轴分量给定值u*sd,定子磁链幅值变化率为:
其中:Rsd为定子直轴电阻,isd为定子直轴电流,usd为定子直轴电压,ed为直轴电势。
3.根据权利要求1所述的转速控制的内环为定子电流转矩分量控制,其特征是:将定子电流分解成两个分量isd和isq,isq是定子电流的转矩分量,isd定子电流的励磁分量,当稳态时,即:
Figure 992027DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
其中:ψsd为定子磁链,ls为定子侧电感,Tr为转子时间常数,σ为漏磁系数,
ωm为定子磁场旋转角速度,ωr为电机转速。
4.根据权利要求1所述的转速控制的第二环是电磁转矩闭环控制,其特征是:转速调节器的输出作为转矩调节器的给定T*e,转矩调节器的输出作为电流调节器的输入i*sq,当定子磁链变化时,电磁转矩随之改变,转矩调节器对转矩偏差进行调节及时改i*sq,从而使得电磁转矩跟随给定值,抑制定子转矩的扰动,电机的电磁转矩表示为:
Figure 568502DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
其中:np为电动机极对数。
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CN112436775B (zh) * 2020-11-12 2022-04-22 武汉科技大学 吊车钢绳消谐控制方法、装置、设备、储存介质及终端
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