CN110783641A

CN110783641A - Less-maintenance valve-controlled alkaline secondary battery

Info

Publication number: CN110783641A
Application number: CN201911251682.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨玉锋; 徐平; 李群杰; 李喜歌; 刘文昌
Original assignee: Henan Chuan Li New Forms Of Energy Science And Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Henan Chuan Li New Forms Of Energy Science And Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-09
Filing date: 2019-12-09
Publication date: 2020-02-11

Abstract

The invention discloses a valve-controlled alkaline secondary battery with less maintenance, which comprises a battery shell and an electrode plate group arranged in the battery shell, wherein the upper part of the battery shell is of a tightly assembled barren solution structure, and a gas, liquid and solid interface is formed to support the hydrogen-oxygen composite function; the blank reserved by the electrode plate group is utilized to prolong the absorption effect of the capillary at the lower end of the diaphragm, so that the electrolyte stored at the bottom can be absorbed, and a certain saturation degree balance is kept; the electrolyte at the bottom of the battery shell can exist in a liquid state or a gel state; the deformation of the electrode due to expansion and powder removal caused by excessive soaking of the electrolyte is overcome, premature drying of the electrolyte is avoided, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Less-maintenance valve-controlled alkaline secondary battery

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries, and particularly relates to a valve-controlled alkaline secondary battery with less maintenance.

Background

In the alkaline secondary battery system, a metal hydride-nickel battery, a zinc-nickel battery and an iron-nickel battery are taken as mainstream, and the alkaline secondary battery system has the advantages of no pollution to the environment in the production and use processes, recoverability, environmental protection and the like. The structure of the alkaline secondary battery is generally in a form of a sealed barren solution, but the internal pressure of the battery is increased in the charging and discharging process of the battery in a sealed state, so that the internal pressure can be resisted only by a cylindrical metal shell, the production of the alkaline secondary battery is limited to small cylindrical structures such as AA, SC and D types, and the application of large-capacity batteries in the market is not seen so far. Another reason for restricting the popularity of large-capacity batteries is: in a rich solution state of the battery, due to the fact that the existing technology basically adopts a slurry drawing technology, a good adhesive force needs to be formed between a current collector and a dressing, a binding agent is generally adopted as a curing material, the conductivity and the wettability of electrolyte are considered, the amount of the binding agent cannot be larger than the range of 5-10%, and due to the fact that the molar volume change of active substances is large in the charging and discharging process, the active substances on electrodes expand and fall to form short circuits or the conductivity fails, and the service life is influenced.

When the pressure limiting valve is opened due to excessive internal pressure of the battery, gas escapes to cause the dryness of the electrolyte, the increase of internal resistance and the increase of temperature, thereby causing the failure of the battery.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a valve-controlled alkaline secondary battery with less maintenance, which has the functions of poor liquid hydrogen and oxygen recombination and continuous liquid supplementing.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems, the maintenance-less valve control type alkaline secondary battery adopts a monomer cavity or a connected square structure separated into a plurality of monomer cavities, the electrode plate group adopts a sequential lamination type structure combination by a positive plate and a negative plate, the lamination type structure combination of the positive plate and the negative plate has a height which is more than or equal to 30mm from the bottom of the battery shell, a diaphragm with the bottom lengthened by more than or equal to 20mm is arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate, the diaphragm with the bottom lengthened is soaked in rich electrolyte contained in the corresponding monomer cavity and is used for adsorbing the electrolyte stored at the bottom of the battery shell, and the electrolyte existing at the bottom of the battery shell can be in a liquid state or a gel state. The electrolyte required by the electrode plate group in the charging and discharging process is guaranteed by utilizing the principle of capillary natural adsorption, so that the electrolyte is kept balanced at a certain saturation degree, preferably, a battery end cover connected with the battery shell in a sealing manner is arranged on the upper portion of the battery shell, an exhaust valve is arranged on the battery end cover corresponding to the monomer cavity and used for preventing the deformation and expansion of the battery shell caused by overhigh gas pressure during charging, and a screw-in port of the exhaust valve on the battery end cover is a liquid adding port of the electrolyte.

Preferably, spring steel sheets with protruding spines are respectively placed on two sides of the electrode plate group and then plugged and fixed in the single cavity of the battery shell, so that a certain degree of elastic deformation is kept between the electrode plate group and the battery shell to prevent the electrode plate group from expanding to cause deformation of the battery shell.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention improves the assembly structure of the plate group, the upper part of the plate group is a tightly assembled barren solution structure, and the electrolyte stored at the bottom is adsorbed by utilizing the absorption effect of the capillary tube at the lower end of the blank extension diaphragm reserved by the plate group, so that the electrolyte is kept in a certain saturation balance, the dryness of the electrolyte of the plate group can be prevented, and the free electrolyte is still retained at the bottom of the battery shell by utilizing the gravity. The structure is characterized in that: the upper battery pack part is in a lean liquid state and forms a gas, liquid and solid interface to support the hydrogen-oxygen compound function; the lower part has enough space to store more electrolyte for supplementing the upper electrode plate group, thereby overcoming the deformation of the electrode caused by the expansion and the powder removal of the electrode due to the soaking of excessive electrolyte, avoiding the premature drying of the electrolyte and prolonging the service life.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the assembly structure of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail by combining the attached drawings, and the less-maintenance valve-controlled alkaline secondary battery comprises a battery shell 1 for containing electrolyte and an electrode plate group arranged in the battery shell 1, wherein the battery shell 1 adopts a monomer cavity or a connected square structure isolated into a plurality of monomer cavities, a battery end cover 2 hermetically connected with the battery shell is arranged at the upper part of the battery shell 1, and an exhaust valve 4 is arranged on the battery end cover 2 corresponding to the monomer cavity and used for preventing the deformation and expansion of the battery shell 1 caused by overhigh gas pressure during charging; the electrode plate group is formed by sequentially stacking an anode plate 8 and a cathode plate 9, a diaphragm 10 with a bottom lengthening structure is arranged between the anode plate 8 and the cathode plate 9, spring steel sheets 7 with protruding spines are respectively placed on two sides of the electrode plate group and then are inserted into and fixed in a monomer cavity of the battery shell 1, the diaphragm is used for keeping a certain tightness between the electrode plate group and the battery shell 1 so as to prevent the electrode plate group from expanding, the bottom of the diaphragm 10 with the bottom lengthening structure between the adjacent anode plate 8 and the cathode plate 9 is soaked in electrolyte 11 in the monomer cavity with the size of more than or equal to 30mm, the quantity of the electrolyte needed by the electrode plate group in the charging and discharging process is ensured by utilizing the capillary adsorption principle, and the rest free electrolyte is still retained at the bottom of the battery shell 1 by utilizing; the positive plate 8 is provided with a conductive positive tab which is connected with the positive terminal 3 on the battery end cover 2, the negative plate 9 is provided with a conductive negative tab 6, and the conductive negative tab 6 is connected with the negative terminal 5 on the battery end cover 2; the diaphragm 10 with the bottom lengthening structure is designed according to the size slightly larger than the positive plate 8 and the negative plate 9 and then placed between the adjacent positive plate 8 and the negative plate 9, a blank diaphragm which is larger than or equal to 20mm is reserved at the lower part of the diaphragm 10 at the bottom, the blank diaphragm is soaked in electrolyte 11 at the bottom of a monomer chamber which is corresponding to the size larger than or equal to 30mm and is used for absorbing the electrolyte 11 stored at the bottom of the battery shell 1, the quantity of the electrolyte needed by a plate group in the charging and discharging process is ensured by utilizing the capillary adsorption principle, and the rest free electrolyte is still retained at the bottom of the battery shell 1 by.

While the foregoing shows and describes the general principles of the present invention, with its principal features and advantages, there are alterations and modifications which will be apparent from the above disclosure, and the principles may be applied to wound cells without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Such variations and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a less-maintenance valve accuse formula alkaline secondary battery, includes battery shell, battery end cover and sets up the polar plate group in battery shell which characterized in that: the battery shell adopts a monomer cavity or is isolated into a connected square structure of a plurality of monomer cavities, the plate group adopts a sequential laminated structure combination by a positive plate and a negative plate, the laminated structure combination of the positive plate and the negative plate has a height which is more than or equal to 30mm from the bottom of the battery shell, a diaphragm which is lengthened by more than or equal to 20mm is arranged between the positive plate and the negative plate, the lengthened diaphragm at the bottom is soaked in rich electrolyte which is contained in the corresponding monomer cavity and is used for adsorbing the electrolyte stored at the bottom of the battery shell, the electrolyte required by the plate group in the charge-discharge process is ensured by utilizing the principle of natural adsorption of a capillary tube, and further the saturation balance is kept.

2. The maintenance-less valve-regulated alkaline secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein: the battery end cover is arranged on the upper portion of the battery shell and is in sealing connection with the battery shell, the screwing-in type exhaust valve is arranged on the battery end cover corresponding to the monomer cavity and used for preventing deformation and expansion of the battery shell caused by overhigh gas pressure during charging, and a screwing-in port of the exhaust valve on the battery end cover is a liquid adding port of electrolyte.

3. The maintenance-less valve-regulated alkaline secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein: spring steel sheets with protruding spines are respectively placed on two sides of the pole plate group and then plugged and fixed in the monomer cavity of the battery shell, so that a certain degree of elastic deformation is kept between the pole plate group and the battery shell to prevent the battery shell from deforming due to expansion of the pole plate group.

4. The maintenance-less valve-regulated alkaline secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein: the electrolyte at the bottom of the battery shell exists in a liquid state or a gel state.

5. The maintenance-less valve-regulated alkaline secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein: there are various variations and modifications to the battery, and the principles are also applicable to cylindrical or other shaped wound batteries.