CN110780440A - Photographic microscope and method for rapidly photographing by using same - Google Patents
Photographic microscope and method for rapidly photographing by using same Download PDFInfo
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- CN110780440A CN110780440A CN201911100576.4A CN201911100576A CN110780440A CN 110780440 A CN110780440 A CN 110780440A CN 201911100576 A CN201911100576 A CN 201911100576A CN 110780440 A CN110780440 A CN 110780440A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/34—Microscope slides, e.g. mounting specimens on microscope slides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/36—Microscopes arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes or digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements
- G02B21/361—Optical details, e.g. image relay to the camera or image sensor
Abstract
The invention discloses a photographic microscope and a method for taking a picture rapidly by using the photographic microscope, wherein the photographic microscope comprises an object stage, an observation vessel for storing a sample solution is arranged on the object stage, the observation vessel comprises a shell, at least one sealed channel is arranged in the shell, one end of the channel is connected with an inlet pipe into which the sample solution flows, and the other end of the channel is connected with an outlet pipe; the method for taking a picture rapidly by using a photographic microscope comprises the steps of preparing a sample solution, defining an observation point, initially measuring, actually measuring and taking a picture; according to the invention, the focal length value of any point visible component in the channel can be rapidly calculated through the five steps, and the microscope can take a picture of the point only by setting the focal length value, so that the quality of the picture is ensured, and the working efficiency is improved; even if the observation vessel is not placed horizontally and the observation vessel is displaced in the height direction of the microscope, a clear picture of the visible components can be ensured to be taken.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of a photographic microscope, in particular to a photographic microscope and a method for rapidly photographing by using the photographic microscope.
Background
The photographing microscope is one of optical microscopes, and a camera is attached to an eyepiece to photograph an optical real image magnified by a sample. The existing photographing microscope comprises a camera, an objective lens, an ocular lens, a light source, an objective table and a power mechanism for driving the objective lens to move in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and the height direction, a circuit board is further arranged on the photographing microscope and is connected with a PC end through an electric wire, a photo of a photographed sample solution can be transmitted to the PC end, and the observation of an operator is facilitated.
Taking the photo of the visible components in the stool as an example, with the progress of science and technology, the routine detection of the stool tends to be automated, and when instruments are used to take the visible components in the stool: when eggs, red blood cells, white blood cells, fungi, fat globules and the like are examined, a sample is often photographed by means of a photographing microscope, and then the photographed picture is subjected to visible component identification by adopting an artificial intelligence system. The photographing step is as follows: firstly, the excrement solution is loaded into an observation vessel, and the observation vessel is placed on an objective table to be observed and photographed after the excrement solution is precipitated. When the observation vessel is in a horizontal state, the focal length value of a visible component at one point in the excrement solution in the observation vessel is measured through the objective lens, and the focal length value is the focal length value of any point of the sample solution in the observation vessel.
Firstly, because the observation vessel is horizontal, the vertical distance between any point of the formed components of the excrement solution in the observation vessel and the objective lens is the same, and the microscope can clearly photograph the sample solution at any point in the channel only after the focal length value is set. However, due to the influence of factors such as structural dimensional deviation of the observation vessel and installation error of the microscope, the observation vessel cannot be in a completely horizontal state in practice, and the observation vessel is inclined by a small amount more or less. This will lead to observing that the formed component of excrement solution random point in the household utensils is all different from the vertical distance of objective, when shooing to the formed component of difference point, all need focus earlier and shoot, focus the process and need slowly move objective and look for abluent formed component, whole focus the process and consume time and consumption rate for work efficiency is not high.
Secondly, because the observation vessel for storing the stool solution has a certain thickness, after the stool solution is deposited, all the visible components cannot be guaranteed to be on the same layer, which causes the focal length values of the visible components from the lens to be unequal, so that the condition that the photographed visible component image is blurred occurs, and the judgment of the visible components is influenced.
Moreover, the traditional observation ware is open, and when the sample solution to be measured has irritability, peculiar smell or be poisonous solution, the smell can distribute to the detection room, influences the staff and detects, endangers the healthy of detection personnel even.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a photographing microscope and a method for rapidly photographing by using the same, which aim to solve the technical problems of low photographing efficiency and fuzzy photographed picture of visible components in a sample solution in the prior art. The prior art photographing microscope is used for reference by the invention.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the photographic microscope comprises an object stage, wherein an observation vessel for storing sample solution is arranged on the object stage, the observation vessel comprises a shell, at least one sealed channel is arranged in the shell, one end of the channel is connected with an inlet pipe through which the sample solution flows in, and the other end of the channel is connected with an outlet pipe. Compared with the traditional open sample solution pool, the sample solution pool disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the sealed channel is adopted, so that the solution can be prevented from being scattered, and the sample solution with irritation or peculiar smell can be prevented from polluting the environment and influencing operators.
Further, a focus is arranged on the observation dish. The focus is used as a datum point, so that the microscope can conveniently and rapidly take a picture in fixed focus, and the shooting efficiency is improved.
Further, the bottom of the focal point is flush with the bottom of the channel. The position of the visible component of the sample solution in the focus position simulation channel enables the photographing to be clearer and better enables the visible component to be photographed.
The method for taking a quick photo by using a photographic microscope comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a sample solution: filling the channel with a sample solution, and waiting for the sample solution to precipitate;
B. defining the observation point: defining any two non-overlapping observation points (a and b) in the channel, establishing a rectangular coordinate system, taking the extension line direction of the connecting line of the two observation points (a and b) as an x axis, and the direction perpendicular to the x axis as a y axis, wherein the origin of the rectangular coordinate system is not overlapped with the two observation points (a and b);
C. initial measurement: focusing the two observation points (a, b) and the focal point (f),taking the sample solution in the microscope image as a standard, recording the focal length values of two observation points (a, b) and the focus, and measuring the initial focal length value of the observation point (a) as y through a microscope
1(ii) a The initial focal length value of the observation point (b) is y
2(ii) a Initial focal length value of focal point is y
fThe focal length values of two observation points (a and b) and the focus are substituted into a linear formula ① to obtain formulas ② and ③, and the focal length value of any point in the channel is obtained, wherein the linear formula is as follows:
f
1(x)＝k
1x+b
1, ①
y
1＝k
1x+b
1②
y
2＝k
1x+b
1③
wherein x represents a coordinate value, f
1(x) Expressing the focal length value corresponding to the x coordinate;
D. and (3) actual measurement: at intervals, the actual focal length value y 'of the focal point is measured again by means of a microscope'
fThe focal length value variation δ y of the focal point is calculated by equation ④, and the actual focal length value y 'of the observation point (a, b) is calculated by δ y'
1And y'
2；
y′
f-y
f＝δy ④
y′
1＝y
1-δy ⑤
y′
2＝y
2-δy ⑥
Wherein δ y is the focal length value variation of the focal point, y'
fIs the actual focal length value of the focal point, y
fInitial focal length value of focus, y'
1Is the actual focal length value of viewpoint a, y'
2Is the actual focal length value of observation point b;
E. and (3) photographing: and D, the camera measures the actual focal length values of the two observation points (a and b) according to the step D, and the microscope is adjusted to the actual focal length value of the corresponding point to take a picture.
In step B, after the rectangular coordinate system is established, the x-axis coordinate value of any point in the observation vessel can be measured, that is, the x-axis coordinate values of the two observation points (a, B) can be measured, and the initial focal length values of the two observation points (a, B) are substituted into the step CIn equation ①, k can be obtained
1And b
1Then k is set to
1And b
1The method comprises the following steps of (1) returning to a formula ①, and measuring a focal length value of any point in a rectangular coordinate system through the formula ①, namely measuring the focal length value of any point in an observation vessel, when a photo needs to be shot on a certain point in the observation vessel, substituting an x-axis coordinate value of the certain point into the formula ① to calculate the focal length value of the store, and then adjusting an objective lens according to the focal length value to clearly shoot a sample solution.
However, when actual measurement is performed, a long-time movement of the machine may cause a certain error, the stage may also expand with heat and contract with cold when irradiated by the light source, and the stage may be driven by a motor to rotate less or more, so that the stage may have a slight synchronous displacement in the height direction of the microscope, and further the focal length of the visible component may change slightly, resulting in a blurred visible component image. Therefore, the initial measurement can only be used as a reference, and the actual focal length value of any observation point of the sample solution can be measured during the actual measurement according to the step D. By measuring again the actual focal length value y 'at the focal point'
fAnd the actual focal length value y 'of the focus'
fMinus the initial focal length y of the focal point
fThe focal length value variation δ y of the focal point is obtained. The focus value variation δ y is the displacement distance of the observation plate along with the stage in the height direction of the microscope. Therefore, the focal length value of the visible component of the observation point is obtained by subtracting the focal length value variation δ y from the actual focal length value of any observation point in the observation dish, so that the focal length value of the microscope for photographing is constant, and the visible component of the observation point can be photographed according to the step E.
Furthermore, in the step B, two observation points (a, B) are respectively arranged at two ends of the channel in the length direction, so that the error is reduced, the rectangular coordinate system is more accurately established, and the visible components can be clearly photographed.
Further, in the step C, the two observation points (a, b) and the focus (f) are continuously operated in focusing. The influence of external factors is eliminated as much as possible.
Furthermore, when the two observation points (a and b) are photographed in the step E, 3-7 photos are taken of each observation point at different focal length values of the sample solution. In the channel of the cuvette, the sample settles at the bottom of the channel, but since the sample sediment also has a certain thickness, it is not guaranteed that all the visible components are at the same level, which results in that some visible components are not clearly captured. In order to solve the problem, the same observation point is adopted for shooting in multiple layers, namely, the distance between an observation dish and a lens is finely adjusted when one picture is shot in the same visual field. This ensures that the desired clear sample photograph is taken.
Furthermore, when a 10x objective lens is selected for photographing, the focal length difference value of the two adjacent layers ranges from 1um to 50 um.
Furthermore, when a 40x objective lens is selected for photographing, the focal length value of two adjacent layers ranges from 1um to 50 um.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional mode of shooting the visible components of the sample solution, the method has the advantages that the focal length value of any visible component in the channel can be rapidly calculated through five steps of preparing the sample solution, defining the observation point, initially measuring, actually measuring and shooting, and the microscope can shoot the point only by setting the focal length value, so that the quality of photos is guaranteed, and meanwhile, the working efficiency is improved; even if the observation vessel is not placed horizontally and the observation vessel is displaced in the height direction of the microscope, a clear picture of the visible components can be ensured to be taken.
2. The invention ensures that the microscope can shoot clear visible composition photos by shooting for multiple times with different focal length values at the same observation point, thereby facilitating the observation of operators.
3. Compared with the traditional open sample solution pool, the sample solution pool disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the sealed channel is adopted, so that the solution can be prevented from being scattered, and the sample solution with irritation or peculiar smell can be prevented from polluting the environment and influencing operators.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the photographic microscope of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the observation dish.
Fig. 3 is a sectional view F-F in fig. 2.
FIG. 4 is a distribution diagram of a formed component in a sample solution.
Labeled as:
1. a camera; 2. an object stage;
3. an observation vessel; 31. a housing; 32. a channel; 33. a focal point; 34. an inlet pipe; 35. an outlet pipe;
4. a light source; 5. a first motor; 6. a second motor; 7. a third motor; 8. a controller; 9, an objective lens; 10. a tangible component.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the microscope of the present invention comprises a camera 1, an object stage 2, an objective lens 9, a light source 4, a controller 8, a first motor 5, a second motor 6 and a third motor 7, wherein the object stage 2 is provided with an observation vessel 3 for storing a sample solution, the observation vessel 3 comprises a housing 31, a sealed channel 32 is arranged in the housing 31, one end of the channel 32 is connected with an inlet pipe 34 for the sample solution to flow into, and the other end of the channel 32 is connected with an outlet pipe 35; the observation dish 3 is also provided with a focus 33; the bottom of the focus 33 is flush with the bottom of the channel 32; the observation dish 3 is also provided with a focus 33; the bottom of the focal spot 33 is flush with the bottom of the channel 32.
The working principle is as follows: the first motor 5 can drive the object stage 2 to move in the horizontal transverse direction, the second motor 6 can drive the object stage 2 to move in the horizontal longitudinal direction, and the third motor 7 can drive the object stage to move in the height direction; the controller 8 is connected with the PC end through a wire harness, photos shot by the camera 1 can be transmitted to the PC end, and the PC end can finish automatic control of movement of the object stage through the controller 8. The focus is used as a datum point, so that the microscope can conveniently and rapidly take a picture in fixed focus, and the shooting efficiency is improved. The position of the visible component of the sample solution in the focus position simulation channel enables the photographing to be clearer and better enables the visible component to be photographed. Compared with the traditional open sample solution pool, the sample solution pool disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the sealed channel is adopted, so that the solution can be prevented from being scattered, and the sample solution with irritation or peculiar smell can be prevented from polluting the environment and influencing operators.
Example two:
the method for taking a quick photo by using a photographic microscope comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a sample solution: filling the channel with a sample solution, and waiting for the sample solution to precipitate;
B. defining the observation point: defining any two non-overlapping observation points (a and b) in the channel, establishing a rectangular coordinate system, taking the extension line direction of the connecting line of the two observation points (a and b) as an x axis, and the direction perpendicular to the x axis as a y axis, wherein the origin of the rectangular coordinate system is not overlapped with the two observation points (a and b);
C. initial measurement: focusing the two observation points (a, b) and the focus (f), taking the sample solution in the microscope image as the standard, recording the focal length values of the two observation points (a, b) and the focus, and measuring the initial focal length value of the observation point (a) as y through the microscope
1(ii) a The initial focal length value of the observation point (b) is y
2(ii) a Initial focal length value of focal point is y
fThe focal length values of two observation points (a and b) and the focus are substituted into a linear formula ① to obtain formulas ② and ③, and the focal length value of any point in the channel is obtained, wherein the linear formula is as follows:
f
1(x)＝k
1x+b
1, ①
y
1＝k
1x+b
1②
y
2＝k
1x+b
1③
wherein x represents a coordinate value, f
1(x) Expressing the focal length value corresponding to the x coordinate;
D. and (3) actual measurement: at intervals, the actual focal length value y 'of the focal point is measured again by means of a microscope'
fThe focal length of the focal point is calculated by formula ④A value variation delta y, and calculating an actual focal length value y 'of the observation point (a, b) by delta y'
1And y'
2；
y′
f-y
f＝δy ④
y′
1＝y
1+δy ⑤
y′
2＝y
2+δy ⑥
Wherein δ y is the focal length value variation of the focal point, y'
fIs the actual focal length value of the focal point, y
fInitial focal length value of focus, y'
1Is the actual focal length value of viewpoint a, y'
2Is the actual focal length value of observation point b;
E. and (3) photographing: and D, the camera measures the actual focal length values of the two observation points (a and b) according to the step D, and the microscope is adjusted to the actual focal length value of the corresponding point to take a picture.
In the step B, two observation points (a, B) are respectively arranged at two ends of the channel in the length direction;
in the step C, the two observation points (a, b) and the focus (f) are continuously operated during focusing;
when the two observation points (a, b) are photographed in the step E, 5 photos are taken of each observation point on different focal length values of the sample solution; and (4) selecting a 10x objective lens for photographing, wherein the focal length difference range of two adjacent layers is 10 um.
The working principle is that after the rectangular coordinate system is established in the step B, the x-axis coordinate value of any point in the observation dish can be measured, namely the x-axis coordinate values of two observation points (a, B) can be measured, and the initial focal length values of the two observation points (a, B) are substituted into the formula ① through the step C, so that k can be solved
1And b
1Then k is set to
1And b
1Therefore, when a photo needs to be taken at a certain point in the observation vessel, the x-axis coordinate value of the certain point is substituted into the formula ① to calculate the focal length value of the store, and then the objective lens is adjusted according to the focal length value to clearly take a photo of the sample solutionIn the shooting mode of the prior art, the focusing step is not required to be carried out again, the whole shooting process is time-saving and labor-saving, and the working efficiency is further improved.
However, when actual measurement is performed, a long-time movement of the machine may cause a certain error, the stage may also expand with heat and contract with cold when irradiated by the light source, and the stage may be driven by a motor to rotate less or more, so that the stage may have a slight synchronous displacement in the height direction of the microscope, and further the focal length of the visible component may change slightly, resulting in a blurred visible component image. Therefore, the initial measurement can only be used as a reference, and the actual focal length value of any observation point of the sample solution can be measured during the actual measurement according to the step D. By measuring again the actual focal length value y 'at the focal point'
fAnd the actual focal length value y 'of the focus'
fMinus the initial focal length y of the focal point
fThe focal length value variation δ y of the focal point is obtained. The focus value variation δ y is the displacement distance of the observation plate along with the stage in the height direction of the microscope. Therefore, the focal length value of the visible component of the observation point is obtained by subtracting the focal length value variation δ y from the actual focal length value of any observation point in the observation dish, so that the focal length value of the microscope for photographing is constant, and the visible component of the observation point can be photographed according to the step E.
Example three:
the embodiment is further improved on the basis of the second embodiment, and by selecting a 40x objective lens for photographing, the difference value of the focal lengths of the two adjacent layers is 6um, so that clear photos with visible components can be taken.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The photographic microscope comprises an object stage (2), wherein an observation vessel (3) for storing a sample solution is arranged on the object stage (2), and the photographic microscope is characterized in that: the observation vessel (3) comprises a shell (31), at least one sealed channel (32) is arranged in the shell (31), one end of the channel (32) is connected with an inlet pipe (34) for sample solution to flow in, and the other end of the channel is connected with an outlet pipe (35).
2. A photographic microscope according to claim 1, wherein: the observation dish (3) is also provided with a focus (33).
3. A photographic microscope according to claim 2, wherein: the bottom of the focus (33) is flush with the bottom of the channel (32).
4. A method for taking a quick photograph using the photographing microscope according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a sample solution: filling the channel with a sample solution, and waiting for the sample solution to precipitate;
B. defining the observation point: defining any two non-overlapping observation points (a and b) in the channel, establishing a rectangular coordinate system, taking the extension line direction of the connecting line of the two observation points (a and b) as an x axis, and the direction perpendicular to the x axis as a y axis, wherein the origin of the rectangular coordinate system is not overlapped with the two observation points (a and b);
C. initial measurement: focusing the two observation points (a, b) and the focus (33), taking the sample solution in the microscope image as the standard, recording the initial focal length values of the two observation points (a, b) and the focus (33), and measuring the initial focal length value of the observation point (a) as y through the microscope
1(ii) a The initial focal length value of the observation point (b) is y
2(ii) a The initial focal length value of the focal point (33) is y
fAnd substituting the initial focal length values of the two observation points (a and b) and the focus (33) into a linear formula ① to obtain formulas ② and ③, and solving the focal length value of any point in the channel, wherein the linear formula is as follows:
f
1(x)＝k
1x+b
1, ①
y
1＝k
1x+b
1②
y
2＝k
1x+b
1③
wherein x represents a coordinate value, f
1(x) Expressing the focal length value corresponding to the x coordinate;
D. and (3) actual measurement: at intervals, the actual focal length value y 'of the focal point is measured again by means of a microscope'
fThe focal length value variation δ y of the focal point is calculated by equation ④, and the actual focal length value y 'of the observation point (a, b) is calculated by substituting δ y into equations ⑤ and ⑥'
1And y'
2；
y′
f-y
f＝δy ④
y′
1＝y
1+δy ⑤
y′
2＝y
2+δy ⑥
Wherein δ y is the focal length value variation of the focal point, y'
fIs the actual focal length value of the focal point, y
fInitial focal length value of focus, y'
1Is the actual focal length value of viewpoint a, y'
2Is the actual focal length value of observation point b;
E. and (3) photographing: and D, the camera measures the actual focal length values of the two observation points (a and b) according to the step D, and the microscope is adjusted to the actual focal length value of the corresponding point to take a picture.
5. The method for taking a quick photograph using a photographic microscope as set forth in claim 4, wherein: in the step B, two observation points (a, B) are respectively arranged at two ends of the channel in the length direction.
6. The method for taking a quick photograph using a photographic microscope as set forth in claim 4, wherein: in the step C, the two observation points (a, b) and the focus (f) are continuously operated in focusing.
7. The method for taking a quick photograph using a photographic microscope as set forth in claim 4, wherein: and E, when the two observation points (a and b) are photographed in the step E, 3-7 photos are taken of each observation point on different focal length values of the sample solution.
8. The method for taking a quick photograph using a photographic microscope as set forth in claim 7, wherein: when a 10x objective lens is selected for photographing, the focal length difference value of two adjacent layers ranges from 1um to 50 um.
9. The photographing method using a photographing microscope according to claim 7, wherein: when a 40x objective lens is selected for photographing, the focal length value of two adjacent layers ranges from 1um to 50 um.
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