CN110779475A - Method for measuring size of power transmission tower foundation - Google Patents
Method for measuring size of power transmission tower foundation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110779475A CN110779475A CN201910983714.1A CN201910983714A CN110779475A CN 110779475 A CN110779475 A CN 110779475A CN 201910983714 A CN201910983714 A CN 201910983714A CN 110779475 A CN110779475 A CN 110779475A
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- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
- G01B15/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement of the size of a power transmission tower foundation, in particular to a method for measuring the size of the power transmission tower foundation. The method is based on the theory that the propagation speeds of Rayleigh wave phase speeds in different media are different, the properties of soil bodies around the power transmission tower foundation and the power transmission tower foundation are different, the Rayleigh wave phase speeds are different, and the three-dimensional size measurement of the power transmission tower foundation is realized through the existing Rayleigh wave detection technology. Aiming at the defects of the existing electric tower foundation size detection technology, the nondestructive detection method for the transmission tower foundation size is provided based on the Rayleigh wave detection technology, has the advantages of high detection speed, no damage to a target structure and the like, and can easily obtain the foundation size especially when the foundation is buried deeply. The method is particularly effective when a large batch of transmission tower foundations need to be subjected to size detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement of the size of a power transmission tower foundation, in particular to a method for measuring the size of the power transmission tower foundation.
Background
The foundation is of structural importance, and the safety of the power transmission tower foundation serving as a key structure for supporting the tower is one of key factors influencing the safe operation of a power system. However, some power transmission tower foundations have drawbacks at the beginning of construction due to the influence of factors such as field objective conditions and human subjectivity. Through investigation, the deviation of the size and the design of the power transmission tower foundation is a common defect, and the bottoms of some foundations even present a partial sphere shape, so that the bearing capacity of the foundation can be greatly reduced, and hidden dangers can be buried for accidents. For this reason, it is necessary and urgent to perform special inspection for such defects. Because most of the foundation is located underground, the detection of the defects can be only carried out in a manual excavation mode at present. However, the detection method has obvious defects, not only can cause secondary damage to the foundation, but also has the problems of high cost, low efficiency and the like, and meanwhile, the method is difficult to operate for some foundations with large burial depth, so that the method cannot meet the large-scale detection requirement, and therefore, an efficient and practical detection method is urgently needed to make up for the defects of the existing power transmission tower foundation detection technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for measuring the size of a power transmission tower foundation, which is based on the theory that the propagation speeds of Rayleigh wave phase speeds in different media are different, and the properties of soil bodies around the power transmission tower foundation and the power transmission tower foundation are different, so that the Rayleigh wave phase speeds are different, and the three-dimensional size measurement of the power transmission tower foundation is realized by the existing Rayleigh wave detection technology. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a method for measuring the foundation size of a power transmission tower comprises the following steps:
s1: determining a detection range according to design data of a power transmission tower foundation, establishing an xy plane coordinate system in the detection range, and arranging a plurality of measuring points and acquisition systems;
s2: selecting an excitation point outside the detection range, generating excitation signals at the excitation point and acquiring Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point through an acquisition system;
s3: acquiring Rayleigh wave phase velocities of different depths of each measuring point according to the collected Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point;
s4: obtaining a spatially continuous Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud picture by adopting an interpolation fitting mode based on the Rayleigh wave phase velocity of each measuring point;
s5: and determining the Rayleigh wave phase speed of the power transmission tower foundation according to the Rayleigh wave phase speed distribution cloud picture, finding a size range matched with the Rayleigh wave phase speed of the power transmission tower foundation in the Rayleigh wave phase speed distribution cloud picture, obtaining the outline of the power transmission tower foundation through the size range, and further determining the size of the power transmission tower foundation.
Preferably, the acquisition system comprises 1 vibration exciter, a plurality of detectors, an acquisition device, a wireless transmission module and a data processor; the vibration exciter is arranged at an excitation point, the detectors are arranged at each measuring point, and the vibration exciter and the detectors are connected with the collector through data lines; the collector, the wireless transmission module and the data processor are sequentially connected; the vibration exciter is used for generating an excitation signal; the detector is used for collecting Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point; the collector is used for collecting data of the vibration exciter and the detector and transmitting the collected data to the data processor through the wireless transmission module for storage and processing.
The acquisition system remotely transmits the data acquired on the detection site to the data processor for storage in a wireless mode, and detection and management personnel can check the detection data in real time through the data processor and judge the detection result. Through the system, the problem that the existing power transmission tower foundation size detection data are difficult to acquire, transmit and consume electricity can be solved, and the detection efficiency is further improved.
Preferably, the collector needs to set a collected working frequency band, and the working frequency band is calculated according to the buried depth of the power transmission tower foundation.
Preferably, the method for calculating the operating frequency band is as follows:
s1: effective detection depth H and wavelength lambda of Rayleigh wave
RIs expressed by a modified equivalent half-space method, namely an effective detection depth H, a wavelength depth conversion coefficient β and a wavelength lambda
RThe relationship of (1) is:
H＝βλ
R；
s2, the wavelength depth conversion coefficient β is related to the Poisson ratio mu of the measured object, as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 relationship of wavelength depth conversion factor β with Poisson's ratio μ of the object to be measured
| μ | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.4 | 0.45 | 0.5 |
| β | 0.55 | 0.575 | 0.625 | 0.65 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.875 |
The relationship between the wavelength depth conversion coefficient β and the poisson ratio mu of the measured object obtained by fitting with the index according to table 1 is as follows:
β＝0.486e
1.2μ；
s3: according to the dispersion characteristic of the Rayleigh wave, the wavelength lambda of the Rayleigh wave is known
RFrequency f and wave velocity lambda
RThe relationship of (1) is:
the calculation method of the frequency f of the rayleigh wave is as follows:
preferably, the detection range in step S1 is determined as follows: and determining the outer contour of the power transmission tower foundation according to the design data, and expanding the outer contour of the power transmission tower foundation by 2m to form a detection range.
Preferably, the arrangement method of the measuring points in the step S1 is as follows: according to an xy plane coordinate system established in the detection range, a plurality of measuring lines are arranged in parallel to an x axis at equal intervals according to a certain distance, and each measuring line is numbered; and arranging a plurality of measuring points on each measuring line at equal intervals, wherein the distance between every two adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line is equal to the distance between every two adjacent measuring lines, and numbering the measuring points according to measuring line-measuring point. For example, 2-1 represents the first measurement point of the second measurement line.
Preferably, the excitation point in the step S2 is set at a distance of 5 meters from the nearest measurement point. According to the characteristics of the Rayleigh waves, the excitation point should be far away from the observation point as far as possible, the maximum buried depth of the power transmission tower foundation is small and is generally less than 10 meters, and therefore the excitation point is selected to be 5 meters away from the nearest observation point.
Preferably, the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s41: obtaining a Rayleigh wave phase velocity-depth curve of each measuring point based on the Rayleigh wave phase velocity of each measuring point, obtaining coordinate values of each measuring point according to an xy plane coordinate system established in a detection range, finding velocity values of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line at the same depth, and obtaining velocity distribution of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line along the x-axis direction in a linear interpolation mode;
the coordinates of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line are respectively (x)
1,y
1,z)、(x
2,y
1Z) corresponding to respective phase velocities of Rayleigh waves of v
1、v
2Then at any point (x, y) between these two measurement points on the line
1Z) wave velocity v (x, y)
1And z) is:
s42: according to the step S41, a Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud chart of any point on the measuring line along the depth direction can be obtained, namely a Rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud chart of the Rayleigh wave phase velocity along each measuring line direction is obtained;
s43: according to a Rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud chart of adjacent measuring lines, the Rayleigh wave phase velocities at the positions of the measuring lines at the same x and z are found, and the Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution along the y-axis direction between the two measuring lines can be obtained through linear interpolation;
let the y coordinates of the two measuring lines be y
1、y
2Then, the wave velocity v (x, y, z) of any point (x, y, z) between the two measurement lines is:
s44: the rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution of any point along the y-axis direction can be obtained through the step S43, and a three-dimensional rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud map in the whole detection range can be obtained by integrating the rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud map in the step S42.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the defects of the existing electric tower foundation size detection technology, the nondestructive detection method for the transmission tower foundation size is provided based on the Rayleigh wave detection technology, has the advantages of high detection speed, no damage to a target structure and the like, and can easily obtain the foundation size especially when the foundation is buried deeply. The method is particularly effective when a large batch of transmission tower foundations need to be subjected to size detection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an acquisition system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vibration exciter;
FIG. 3 is a graph of wavelength depth conversion coefficient versus Poisson's ratio of the object to be measured;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the detection range;
FIG. 5 is a distribution diagram of measured points in the example;
FIG. 6 is a wave velocity distribution diagram of the measuring points 1-1, 3-2, 3-3 and 5-3 along the depth;
FIG. 7 is a cloud diagram of the x-z two-dimensional Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution of line No. 3.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
a method for measuring the foundation size of a power transmission tower comprises the following steps:
s1: and determining a detection range according to design data of the power transmission tower foundation, establishing an xy plane coordinate system in the detection range, and arranging a plurality of measuring points and acquisition systems. Because the top cross-section of the transmission tower foundation is rectangular, the xy plane coordinate system can use the diagonal intersection point of the transmission tower foundation as the origin.
As shown in fig. 1, the acquisition system comprises 1 vibration exciter, a plurality of detectors, an acquisition device, a wireless transmission module and a data processor; the vibration exciter is arranged at the excitation point, the detectors are arranged at each measuring point, and the vibration exciter and the detectors are connected with the collector through data lines; the collector, the wireless transmission module and the data processor are sequentially connected; the vibration exciter is used for generating an excitation signal; the detector is used for collecting Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point; the collector is used for collecting the data of the vibration exciter and the detector and transmitting the collected data to the data processor through the wireless transmission module for storage and processing.
The acquisition system also can comprise mobile terminals such as a mobile phone and a tablet, and monitoring terminals such as a computer, wherein the terminals are connected with the wireless transmission module, so that the acquired data can be checked at any time, problems can be found in time, field detection personnel can only concentrate on the test without participating in the storage and processing of the data, and the mobile terminals can check the detection data in real time; meanwhile, a commander at the far end can conveniently call detection data and results through the mobile terminal or the monitoring terminal and make corresponding decisions to guide field detection personnel.
As shown in fig. 2, the vibration exciter comprises a chentai 20LB force hammer, a force sensor located in a grip of the force hammer, and an impact pad, wherein the weight of the force hammer is 20 pounds, and the length, width and height of the impact pad are 20cm, 20cm and 5cm respectively. The impact pad is struck by a force hammer to form an impact load, thereby causing the ground to vibrate. When the impact pad is knocked by the force hammer, the acceleration change of the force hammer is converted into a force signal by the force sensor, and the force signal is transmitted to the collector through the data line.
The wireless transmission module comprises a wireless signal transmission DTU (data transfer unit), the wireless signal transmission DTU comprises a 3G or 4G mobile card, and the wireless signal transmission DTU is installed near the collector and is connected with the collector through a signal line. The wireless signal transmission DTU adopts a USR-G7804G LTE DTU, and wirelessly transmits the acquired data to a data processor for storage through a 3G or 4G network.
Wherein, the detector adopts CDJ-Z100 type full digital detector, and the collector adopts DZQ6-2A engineering seismic wave velocity instrument. The collector needs to set a collected working frequency band, and the working frequency band is calculated according to the buried depth of the power transmission tower foundation. The working frequency band calculation method comprises the following steps:
(1) effective detection depth H and wavelength lambda of Rayleigh wave
RIs expressed by a modified equivalent half-space method, namely an effective detection depth H, a wavelength depth conversion coefficient β and a wavelength lambda
RThe relationship of (1) is:
H＝βλ
R(1)。
(2) the wavelength depth conversion factor β is related to the poisson ratio μ of the object to be measured, as shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 relationship of wavelength depth conversion factor β with Poisson's ratio μ of the object to be measured
| μ | 0.1 | 0.15 | 0.2 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.4 | 0.45 | 0.5 |
| β | 0.55 | 0.575 | 0.625 | 0.65 | 0.7 | 0.75 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.875 |
The relationship between the wavelength depth conversion coefficient β and the poisson ratio mu of the measured object obtained by fitting with the index according to table 1 is as follows:
β＝0.486e
1.2μ； (2)
as shown in fig. 3, the sum of squares of the correlation coefficients reaches 0.996 by exponential fitting. Therefore, the wavelength depth conversion coefficient at an arbitrary poisson's ratio can be calculated using the above equation. Meanwhile, the fitting accuracy of the formula (2) can be described by using the relative error, and the fitting accuracy is calculated to be within 0.014, so that the fitting accuracy of the formula (2) is high.
(3) According to the dispersion characteristic of the Rayleigh wave, the wavelength lambda of the Rayleigh wave is known
RFrequency f and wave velocity lambda
RThe relationship of (1) is:
the calculation method of the frequency f of the rayleigh wave is as follows:
because the foundation of the power transmission tower is generally buried to a depth of 3-8 meters, the detection depth range H can be 0.5-10 m, the Poisson's ratio of concrete is 0.2, the Poisson's ratio of soil needs to be determined according to the actual situation on site, the upper limit is generally 0.4, the lower wave velocity of soil is 100m/s, and the upper limit is 3000 m/s. Therefore, the working frequency range of Rayleigh wave detection set by the collector can be calculated to be 6-4700 Hz.
The acquisition system remotely transmits the data acquired on the detection site to the data processor for storage in a wireless mode, and detection and management personnel can check the detection data in real time through the data processor and judge the detection result. Through the system, the problem that the existing power transmission tower foundation size detection data are difficult to acquire, transmit and consume electricity can be solved, and the detection efficiency is further improved.
As shown in fig. 4, the detection range is determined as follows: and determining the outer contour of the power transmission tower foundation according to the design data, and expanding the outer contour of the power transmission tower foundation by 2m to form a detection range. The arrangement method of the measuring points comprises the following steps: according to an xy plane coordinate system established in the detection range, a plurality of measuring lines are arranged in parallel to an x axis at equal intervals according to a certain distance, and each measuring line is numbered; and arranging a plurality of measuring points on each measuring line at equal intervals, wherein the distance between every two adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line is equal to the distance between every two adjacent measuring lines, and numbering the measuring points according to measuring line-measuring point. For example, 2-1 represents the first measurement point of the second measurement line. In order to improve the accuracy of linear interpolation, the distance range of 2 adjacent measuring lines is 0.1-0.3, and the distance range of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line is 0.1-0.3. The smaller the distance between the 2 adjacent measuring lines and the distance between the 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line, the higher the linear interpolation fitting precision is, the more accurate the obtained Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud picture is, and the smaller the distance between the 2 measuring lines or the 2 measuring points arranged on the power transmission tower foundation is relative to the distance between the 2 measuring lines or the 2 measuring points arranged outside the power transmission tower foundation, so that the linear fitting precision can be improved.
S2: and selecting an excitation point outside the detection range, generating excitation signals at the excitation point, and acquiring Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point through an acquisition system. The excitation point was set at 5 meters from the nearest measurement point. According to the characteristics of the Rayleigh waves, the excitation point should be far away from the observation point as far as possible, the maximum buried depth of the power transmission tower foundation is small and is generally less than 10 meters, and therefore the excitation point is selected to be 5 meters away from the nearest observation point. Because of the limitation of the instrument channel, the test can be carried out on each test point in batches, so that the vibration needs to be carried out on the same point for multiple times, and a plurality of collectors and detectors matched with the number of the test points can be arranged.
S3: and obtaining the Rayleigh wave phase velocities of different depths of each measuring point according to the collected Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point.
S4: and obtaining a spatially continuous Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud picture by adopting an interpolation fitting mode based on the Rayleigh wave phase velocity of each measuring point. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s41: obtaining a Rayleigh wave phase velocity-depth curve of each measuring point based on the Rayleigh wave phase velocity of each measuring point, obtaining coordinate values of each measuring point according to an xy plane coordinate system established in a detection range, finding velocity values of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line at the same depth, and obtaining velocity distribution of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line along the x-axis direction in a linear interpolation mode;
the coordinates of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line are respectively (x)
1,y
1,z)、(x
2,y
1Z) corresponding to respective phase velocities of Rayleigh waves of v
1、v
2Then at any point (x, y) between these two measurement points on the line
1Z) wave velocity v (x, y)
1And z) is:
s42: according to the step S41, a Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud chart of any point on the measuring line along the depth direction can be obtained, namely a Rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud chart of the Rayleigh wave phase velocity along each measuring line direction is obtained;
s43: according to a Rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud chart of adjacent measuring lines, the Rayleigh wave phase velocities at the positions of the measuring lines at the same x and z are found, and the Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution along the y-axis direction between the two measuring lines can be obtained through linear interpolation;
let the y coordinates of the two measuring lines be y
1、y
2Then, the wave velocity v (x, y, z) of any point (x, y, z) between the two measurement lines is:
s44: the rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution of any point along the y-axis direction can be obtained through the step S43, and a three-dimensional rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud map in the whole detection range can be obtained by integrating the rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud map in the step S42.
S5: and determining the Rayleigh wave phase speed of the power transmission tower foundation according to the Rayleigh wave phase speed distribution cloud picture, finding a size range matched with the Rayleigh wave phase speed of the power transmission tower foundation in the Rayleigh wave phase speed distribution cloud picture, obtaining the outline of the power transmission tower foundation through the size range, and further determining the size of the power transmission tower foundation.
The size of a certain reinforced concrete power transmission tower foundation is as follows: the length and width are both 0.4m, the height is 1.75m, and the prefabricated concrete is C25 concrete. The method includes the steps of prefabricating a foundation by using a template, then forming holes, hoisting, and then backfilling to form the final power transmission tower foundation.
The center of the square of the power transmission tower foundation is set as the origin of coordinates, the x axis is horizontally towards the right, the y axis is downward, and the z axis is along the depth direction of the foundation. Lime and a tape measure are adopted to arrange measuring lines 1 to 5 at equal intervals around a foundation, wherein the measuring line 3 is superposed with an x axis, the interval between every two adjacent measuring lines is 0.3m, 5 measuring points are arranged at equal intervals on each measuring line, the interval between every two adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line is 0.3m, the lime is used as a mark, and the number of the measuring points is as follows: line number-Point number, such as 1-2, represents Point number 2 on line 1, with coordinates of (-0.3, 0.6, 0). The excitation point is arranged at a position 5m away from the 5-1 measuring point. As shown in fig. 5.
(1) Data acquisition
a. And connecting an acquisition system, opening an acquisition device, and setting the working frequency band of Rayleigh wave detection to be 6-4000 Hz.
b. And respectively placing 4 detectors at No. 1-1 to No. 1-4 measuring points, and generating excitation signals at the excitation points by adopting an exciter.
c. And the collector collects data, and the collection time lasts for 10 s.
d. And (c) after the batch is collected, sequentially moving the detector to the next measuring point, and repeating the steps b and c until all the measuring points are collected.
(2) Data analysis
a. After the data acquisition is completed, the wave velocity distribution of each acquisition point along the z-axis can be obtained, as shown in fig. 6, the wave velocity distribution of only the measurement points 1-1, 3-2, 3-3 and 5-3 is listed in the figure.
b. The x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud pictures of the measuring lines 1 to 5 can be obtained through the formula (5), and the wave velocity distribution of the No. 3 measuring line is shown in figure 7. Since the propagation speeds of rayleigh wave phase velocities in different media are different as theoretical basis, and the rayleigh wave phase velocities are different due to differences in the properties of soil around the transmission tower foundation and the transmission tower foundation, as can be seen from the velocity cloud chart of fig. 7, the velocity of the area 2 is respectively greatly different from the velocity of the area 1, and the velocity distribution in the area 1 gradually changes from the center to the two sides, so that it can be determined that the area 1 is the velocity distribution of the transmission tower foundation, and the area 2 is the velocity distribution in the soil on the two sides of the transmission tower foundation, so that the length of the transmission tower foundation can be identified from the area 1 as 0.38m, and the buried depth (height) as 1.73 m. The invention can measure the size of the power transmission tower foundation with higher precision.
Similarly, a y-z two-dimensional distribution cloud picture of the Rayleigh wave phase velocity can be extracted from the cloud picture, and the width of the size of the power transmission tower is further identified, which is not described herein again.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring the size of a foundation of a power transmission tower is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining a detection range according to design data of a power transmission tower foundation, establishing an xy plane coordinate system in the detection range, and arranging a plurality of measuring points and acquisition systems;
s2: selecting an excitation point outside the detection range, generating excitation signals at the excitation point and acquiring Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point through an acquisition system;
s3: acquiring Rayleigh wave phase velocities of different depths of each measuring point according to the collected Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point;
s4: obtaining a spatially continuous Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud picture by adopting an interpolation fitting mode based on the Rayleigh wave phase velocity of each measuring point;
s5: and determining the Rayleigh wave phase speed of the power transmission tower foundation according to the Rayleigh wave phase speed distribution cloud picture, finding a size range matched with the Rayleigh wave phase speed of the power transmission tower foundation in the Rayleigh wave phase speed distribution cloud picture, obtaining the outline of the power transmission tower foundation through the size range, and further determining the size of the power transmission tower foundation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: the acquisition system comprises 1 vibration exciter, a plurality of detectors, an acquisition device, a wireless transmission module and a data processor; the vibration exciter is arranged at an excitation point, the detectors are arranged at each measuring point, and the vibration exciter and the detectors are connected with the collector through data lines; the collector, the wireless transmission module and the data processor are sequentially connected; the vibration exciter is used for generating an excitation signal; the detector is used for collecting Rayleigh wave signals of each measuring point; the collector is used for collecting data of the vibration exciter and the detector and transmitting the collected data to the data processor through the wireless transmission module for storage and processing.
3. The method for measuring the size of a transmission tower foundation according to claim 2, wherein: the collector needs to set a collected working frequency band, and the working frequency band is obtained through calculation according to the buried depth of the power transmission tower foundation.
4. A method of measuring the dimensions of a transmission tower foundation according to claim 3, wherein: the working frequency band calculation method comprises the following steps:
s1: effective detection depth H and wavelength lambda of Rayleigh wave
RIs expressed by a modified equivalent half-space method, namely an effective detection depth H, a wavelength depth conversion coefficient β and a wavelength lambda
RThe relationship of (1) is:
H＝βλ
R；
s2, the wavelength depth conversion coefficient β is related to the Poisson ratio mu of the measured object, as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 relationship of wavelength depth conversion factor β with Poisson's ratio μ of the object to be measured
The relationship between the wavelength depth conversion coefficient β and the poisson ratio mu of the measured object obtained by fitting with the index according to table 1 is as follows:
β＝0.486e
1.2μ；
s3: according to the dispersion characteristic of the Rayleigh wave, the wavelength lambda of the Rayleigh wave is known
RFrequency f and wave velocity lambda
RThe relationship of (1) is:
the calculation method of the frequency f of the rayleigh wave is as follows:
5. the method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: the detection range in step S1 is determined as follows: and determining the outer contour of the power transmission tower foundation according to the design data, and expanding the outer contour of the power transmission tower foundation by 2m to form a detection range.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: the arrangement method of the measuring points in the step S1 is as follows: according to an xy plane coordinate system established in the detection range, a plurality of measuring lines are arranged in parallel to an x axis at equal intervals according to a certain distance, and each measuring line is numbered; and arranging a plurality of measuring points on each measuring line at equal intervals, wherein the distance between every two adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line is equal to the distance between every two adjacent measuring lines, and numbering the measuring points according to measuring line-measuring point.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: the excitation point in the step S2 is set at 5 meters from the nearest measurement point.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of: the step S4 specifically includes the following steps:
s41: obtaining a Rayleigh wave phase velocity-depth curve of each measuring point based on the Rayleigh wave phase velocity of each measuring point, obtaining coordinate values of each measuring point according to an xy plane coordinate system established in a detection range, finding velocity values of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line at the same depth, and obtaining velocity distribution of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line along the x-axis direction in a linear interpolation mode;
the coordinates of 2 adjacent measuring points on the same measuring line are respectively (x)
1,y
1,z)、(x
2,y
1Z) corresponding to respective phase velocities of Rayleigh waves of v
1、v
2Then at any point (x, y) between these two measurement points on the line
1Z) wave velocity v (x, y)
1And z) is:
s42: according to the step S41, a Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud chart of any point on the measuring line along the depth direction can be obtained, namely a Rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud chart of the Rayleigh wave phase velocity along each measuring line direction is obtained;
s43: according to a Rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud chart of adjacent measuring lines, the Rayleigh wave phase velocities at the positions of the measuring lines at the same x and z are found, and the Rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution along the y-axis direction between the two measuring lines can be obtained through linear interpolation;
let the y coordinates of the two measuring lines be y
1、y
2Then, the wave velocity v (x, y, z) of any point (x, y, z) between the two measurement lines is:
s44: the rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution of any point along the y-axis direction can be obtained through the step S43, and a three-dimensional rayleigh wave phase velocity distribution cloud map in the whole detection range can be obtained by integrating the rayleigh wave phase velocity x-z two-dimensional distribution cloud map in the step S42.
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