CN1107784C - Emergency passageway - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a passage for fire extinguishment and evacuation of a storied building, which forms a vertical or a horizontal shape. The passage is arranged on the outer side or the inner side of the outer wall (25) of a storied building and is communicated with or penetrates through a room by a side door (20); the horizontal passage arranged on the outer side is divided into sections by partition walls (21); each section corresponds to a suite of rooms; a door (3) is arranged on each partition wall (21); a latch (2) is arranged on the door (3); relevant latches (2) on the passage is connected to the same shaft (1); one end of the shaft (1) is provided with a handle (7) locked by a lock; both ends of the passage are provided with outdoor stairs (22). The passage is convenient to residence in normal times and is used for evacuation and fire extinguishment when a fire occurs.

Description

Emergency access

The invention relates to building fire extinguishing and fire escape, particularly a kind of be attached to or near the passage of exterior wall.

The high-rise building disaster hidden-trouble is many, cause disaster that loss is big, injures and deaths are heavy.Be effectively fire extinguishing and evacuation, in architectural design, adopted multinomial measure, held smoke prevention staircase and emergency evacuation stair, vestibule formula balcony formula or the light connection balcony that cuts off etc. to the greatest extent as indoor and outdoor fire plug, fire separation, labeled door, roller shutter, the wall that hangs down, smoke prevention staircase, fire lift, smog temperature alarming, water spray, induced-draft fan, ventilator, refuge story, the bridge of taking refuge, roof helispot, aisle.These facilities have been arranged. the security against fire of building should be secure.But some unexpected situations appear in fact sometimes.The fire extinguishing fire escape is jeopardized the safety of personnel and fire fighter in the building by the pyrotechnics shutoff.Vestibule formula balcony is peaceful and evacuation management with the unfavorable inhabitation of the connection balcony that has light partition.The purpose of the invention is to increase a kind ofly to be convenient at ordinary times live, to be difficult for being beneficial to the fire extinguishing fire escape of evacuating management by the pyrotechnics shutoff during fire.

Basic design philosophy is in the external walls of building outside or inboard Vertical Channel or horizontal channel to be set.Passage communicates with the room.Passage is by floor or the partition wall section of being separated into.Every section corresponding suite.Manhole and lid are arranged on the floor in the Vertical Channel.Door opening and door are arranged on the mid-board of horizontal channel.Lid and Men Shangyou door bolt.Relevant door bolt is fixed on the same axle on the passage.Axle head has handle.Lock on the handle.Lock has several keys standby by building security authority and fire brigade's keeping.So each room cuts off at ordinary times, connect when urgent.In the Vertical Channel, there are stair to link to each other outside the horizontal channel.The stair bottom leads to ground outside the building, and personnel can therefrom evacuate.On room and the interchannel door and window fence is arranged, as additional protection.The organic tool alarm bell in every cover room is driven by axle.So fasten a unlatching with a bolt or latch, the alarm bell in the related channel program makes a sound simultaneously, to warn.Lid and door are gone up by resident family and are marked from sealing bar, and sect and lid were not once opened as can be known.

Passage is separated at ordinary times, can be used as balcony and uses.Because of key storage in mandate department, also have fence and alarm bell, its safety is not second to common balcony.

When fire alarm took place, security personnel or fire fighter opened the door bolt on the respective channel.So door can be opened.Alarm bell makes a sound simultaneously.Personnel evacuate along passage.According to the condition of a fire, can open other passages in succession, successively evacuate personnel in the building.The fire fighter also is detained personnel and fire extinguishing along this passage search and rescue.This passage natural ventilation and daylighting are good, help evacuating and fire extinguishing.

Embodiment and description of drawings are as follows:

Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 is several members and connection thereof.

Fig. 6 is one of the horizontal channel example.

Fig. 7 is one of the Vertical Channel example.

Fig. 8 is another layout of Vertical Channel bottom.

Fig. 9 is the application on modular building.

Figure 10 is the application on tower building.

Figure 11 is the application on vestibule formula building.

Fig. 1 (a) and (b) are represented the connection of lid (30) and vertical axes (1).The connection of Fig. 1 (c) expression lid (30) and horizontal axis (1).Manhole (4) is arranged on the floor (5).Manhole (4) tegmentum (30) covers.The door bolt (2) that is fixed on the axle (1) is pushed down lid (30), perhaps pushes down the hook (6) on the lid (30).During shifting axle (1), door bolt (2) is unlocked among turning cylinder in Fig. 1 (a) and (b), Fig. 1 (c).

The connection of Fig. 2 (a) expression door (3) and horizontal axis (1).The connection of Fig. 2 (b) expression door (3) and vertical axes (1).Door (3) is two-sided unlatching, self closing fire door.Door bolt (2) is used double, fastenes from both sides Jiang Men (3).Among Fig. 2 (b), door bolt (2) drops to the fluting place of door (3), and door (3) can be opened.Among turning cylinder (1), Fig. 2 (b) during shifting axle (1), door bolt (2) is unlocked among Fig. 2 (a).

Fig. 3 represents the connection of axle (1) and handle (7).The direct turning cylinder (1) of handle (7) among Fig. 3 (a).Handle (7) is through worm and gear (8) turning cylinder (1) among Fig. 3 (b).The direct shifting axle (1) of handle (7) among Fig. 3 (c).Handle (7) is through screw thread pair (9) shifting axle (1) among Fig. 3 (d).

Fig. 4 represents the connection between axle (1) and the mechanical alarm bell (12).Fig. 4 (a) axis (1) drives alarm bell (12) through pair of sprocket (10), (19) chain (11).Here also available gear replaces the sprocket wheel chain.The mobile chute of Fig. 4 (b) axis (1) (13) shakes rocking bar (14) and drives alarm bell (12).System is suitable during the structure of alarm bell (12) and mechanical alarm clock noisy, but need not be wherein noisy the time controlling organization.Quarrel and fight noisily once winding up.

Fig. 5 represents handle (7) and the connection of locking (15).Lock (15) locks together handle (7) and fixing lock ring (16).Lock (15) can not rotate handle (7) among Fig. 5 (a).Handle (7) can not be moved.

All connections between the above-mentioned member can form the various combinations between vertical axes, horizontal axis and lid, the door, to adapt to different building typess.

Fig. 6 is the part figure that hold to the greatest extent the horizontal channel.Be located at the outer survey of external walls of building (25).Door (3) is controlled with horizontal axis (1).Revetment among the figure (17) and glass window (not drawing among the figure, to see internal structure clearly) are used for fall arrest at ordinary times, block outdoor flue gas during fire.Door opening and door (3) are arranged on the partition wall (21).Door (3) is fastened with a bolt or latch (2) and is fastened.Door bolt (2) is fixed on the axle (1).The most end of axle (1) is equipped with handle (7).Handle (7) is locked on the fixing lock ring (16) with lock (15).So door (3) is lockable at ordinary times.When fire alarm was arranged, security personnel or fire fighter opened lock (15), turning handle (7), and door bolt (2) is removed, and door (3) can be opened.Mechanical alarm bell (12) makes a sound simultaneously.Personnel withdraw from a room through side door (20) in the building, again through one sect (3), arrive outdoor staircase (22), arrive ground outside the building down.The fire fighter is detained personnel and fire extinguishing along this passage search.Respectively there is an outdoor staircase (22) at the two ends of horizontal channel.Window between room and the passage (18), side door (20) are equipped with fence as additional protection.Strip of paper used for sealing (33) is attached to the inboard of door (3), the sign of once not opening as door (3) by resident family oneself.

Fig. 7 is the local figure in Vertical Channel lower end.Lid (30) is controlled with vertical axes (1).Connecting mode and the same Fig. 6 of purposes of this figure middle cover (30), door bolt (2), axle (1), handle (7) etc.Cat ladder (23) is fixing metal cat ladder on the wall.The bottom of the building floor has ground outside the logical firmly building of the gate facing the street (24), and top layer leads to roof (29).The gate facing the street has lock on (24), has only mandate department to open.The using and manage the same of this passage.

Figure g is another layout of Vertical Channel bottom.Between bottom balcony (26) and Vertical Channel (28), set up one (27), lock in the inboard, more increase the sense of security of bottom resident family by resident family.

Fig. 9 is the application of this passage on modular building, and door (3) is controlled by vertical axes.The room that catches fire is represented with X.Arrow represents to evacuate the path, and (the reverse admission passage of fire fighter is rescued and is put out a fire.Down together).Partition fireproof performance between the unit is good, can be mutually as taking refuge the place.If first unit (31) catch fire, open each layer bolt with vertical axes, the personnel of first unit can evacuate to second unit (32).

Figure 10 is the application of this passage on tower building.Here, tower building refers to have only the situation of a fire compartmentation, also is very disadvantageous situation.When certain room catches fire, open lid (30).Catching fire, following personnel are descending straight in the room, and the above persons are earlier up, and it is descending to go to another stair after roof (29) again.

Figure 11 is the application of this passage on vestibule formula building.When certain room catches fire, opening the door (3) in the fire bed, this layer personnel are evacuated at first.And then open last layer, last two layer, time one decks etc., order is evacuated each layer personnel.

For important building, use can also be united in Vertical Channel, horizontal channel.This moment, top layer can be used as roof (29), and stair (22) can merge in the Vertical Channel.Vertical Channel and horizontal channel are crisscross, and fire extinguishing evacuation approach is more.

The above passage all is located at the exterior wall outside, also it can be located at inner side of outer wall, and promptly passage passes the room.Side door among Fig. 6, Fig. 7 (20), window (18) and breast are removed, and removing about the description of side door (20), window (18) in will illustrating promptly is embodiment, accompanying drawing and the explanation of this inner channel.Natural draught system for the benefit of, passage should be near the exterior wall setting.This passage is inferior to the former aspect natural draught system, but cost is lower, and usable floor area is bigger.

Structure can be d-axis or cambered axle between axle (1) adaptation building.Handle (7) but dual-purpose is electronic, construct similar automobile initiating means, by fire-fighting center control in the building.The suitable normal domestic use padlock of intensity of lock ring (16) or lock (15), an axe just can be broken.For high-grade hotel, office premises, stair (22) are other can set up elevator.Floor attendant's janitor's room can be made in the room of contiguous handle (7), nearby management.Under the situation of figure (6), have wicket or aperture near on the partition wall (21) of handle (7), be convenient to person on duty's operation.

As can be seen from the above embodiments, use the invention, can ensure the peacefulness of living at ordinary times, can avoid pyrotechnics during breaking out of fire, in an organized way evacuate.The fire fighter can be detained personnel and arrive the ignition zone fire extinguishing along this passage search and rescue, the dense smoke raging fire of needn't coming in and going out, and acceptant order command can obtain hydraulic giant shielding, does not also have the way of escape by disconnected trouble and worry.Both help bringing into play fire fighter's fighting capacity, also helped protecting their safety.

Claims (4)

1. building fire extinguishing fire escape, comprise floor (5), revetment (17), window (18), cat ladder (23), be arranged on external walls of building (25) outside or inboard, it is characterized in that this passage is vertical shape or horizontal, form Vertical Channel and horizontal channel, a side that is located at the passage in the outside has side door (20) to communicate with the room, be located at inboard passage and pass the room, passage is by floor (5), partition wall (21) section of being separated into, every section corresponding suite, manhole (4) and lid (30) are arranged on the floor of Vertical Channel (5), door opening and door (3) are arranged on the horizontal channel partition wall (21), on lid (30) and the door (3) door bolt (2) is arranged, relevant door bolt (2) is fixed on the same axle (1), one end of axle (1) has handle (7), handle (7) is locked on the fixing lock ring (16) with lock (15), axle (1) can be vertical or level, become vertical axes and horizontal axis, vertical axes, horizontal axis and Vertical Channel, can make up arbitrarily between the horizontal channel, have floor to link to each other in the horizontal channel between the adjacent segment of the left and right sides, use can be united in Vertical Channel and horizontal channel.

2. passage as claimed in claim 1 is equipped with mechanical alarm bell (12) in it is characterized in that every section, is driven through gear or through sprocket wheel (10), (19), chain (11) or through chute (13), rocking bar (14) by axle (1).

3. passage as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that on side door (20) and the window (18) fence being housed.

4. passage as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that posting strip of paper used for sealing (33) on door (3) and the lid (30).

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