CN110765416B - Method for calculating second flow probability method for design of water supply and drainage pipelines of building life - Google Patents
Method for calculating second flow probability method for design of water supply and drainage pipelines of building life Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of domestic water supply and drainage, in particular to a method for calculating a second flow probability method for designing a domestic water supply and drainage pipeline of a building, which comprises the following steps: (1) The average outflow probability of water supply equivalent of the building with the number of the actual users is counted; (2) For buildings with difficulty in counting actual people, the average outflow probability of water supply equivalent is used for the maximum water consumption; (3) For public buildings, calculating the average outflow probability of water supply equivalent weight when the water is used at maximum; (4) Calculating the design second flow of the pipe section according to the total water equivalent amount of the sanitary ware on the pipe section; (5) For the water supply pipe section provided with the time-delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is overlapped with the flow generated by other appliances to be used as the design second flow of the life water supply pipeline, and the safety of the life water drain pipeline is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of domestic water supply and drainage, in particular to a method for calculating a second flow probability method for designing a domestic water supply and drainage pipeline of a building.
Background
The design second flow is the design flow reflecting the instantaneous peak water usage law of the water supply system, and the unit is expressed in L/s. The method is mainly used for determining the pipe diameter of the water supply pipe, calculating the head loss of the water supply pipe system, selecting a proper water pump and the like. When designing the water supply pipeline system of the building, the maximum instantaneous water supply flow value in the peak water consumption period is calculated by combining various parameters such as the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware in the system, the number of users, the water consumption quota, the water consumption law and the like, and the value is taken as the water supply design second flow.
The design second flow is one of the most important technical parameters of the building water supply system, and reflects the design load of the building water supply system. Therefore, the research on a reasonable design flow calculation method has important practical significance. It is not appropriate to increase or decrease the design second flow rate all the time: increasing the design second flow will expand the scale of the piping system and increase the construction cost; otherwise, the hydraulic working condition is destroyed, and the water consumption requirement cannot be ensured.
The design flow of the drainage pipeline in the building is the basis for determining the pipe diameter of each pipe section, and is one of the most important technical parameters in the drainage system. If the calculated design second flow is smaller than the actually occurring flow, the actual flow exceeds the allowable water passing capacity of the drainage pipeline, the water seal of the drainage system is damaged, and toxic and harmful gas escapes into the room from the pipeline system; the light weight affects the indoor air quality, and the heavy weight affects the health. If the calculated design second flow is greater than the actually occurring flow, the first will result in economic waste; secondly, because the pipeline flow rate is smaller, pipeline fouling can be caused when the flow rate is smaller than the self-cleaning flow rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the design second flow probability of a water supply and drainage pipeline for building life, which aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the calculation mode is unreasonable, the calculated design second flow is larger than the actually generated flow, and economic waste is caused; secondly, because the flow rate of the pipeline is smaller, the pipeline is silted when the flow rate is smaller than the self-cleaning flow rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for calculating the second flow probability method of the design of a water supply and drainage pipeline for building life comprises the following steps:
(1) The average outflow probability of water supply equivalent of the building with the number of the actual users is counted;
(2) For buildings with difficulty in counting actual people, the average outflow probability of water supply equivalent is used for the maximum water consumption;
(3) For public buildings, calculating the average outflow probability of water supply equivalent weight when the water is used at maximum;
(4) Calculating the design second flow of the pipe section according to the total water equivalent amount of the sanitary ware on the pipe section;
(5) For a water supply pipe section provided with a time-delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is overlapped with the flow generated by other appliances to be used as the design second flow of a life water supply pipeline.
Preferably, according to step (1), the building feedwater calculation method is as follows:
water supply equivalent, number of users, domestic water quota, time of use and time of use of the device according to building configurationNumber, calculate average second flow rate of maximum time flow rateQ s Calculating the average outflow probability of equivalent water supply of the sanitary ware when the water consumption is maximump。
Preferably, the average second flow rate of the maximum time flow rateQ s The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
average outflow probability of equivalent water supply of sanitary ware at maximum water consumptionpThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein:Q s average second flow (L/s) which is the maximum flow of the life water supply pipeline;pthe average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware when the water supply pipeline is used for life is the maximum;q L the water is rated as the highest daily life water (L/person d, etc.);mthe number of users is the number of users or the number of uses of beds, customers, seats and the like;K h is a small time-varying coefficient; 0.2 is the rated flow (L/s) of water equivalent of a sanitary ware;N g the total number of water supply equivalents for the set sanitary ware;Tthe number of times (h) of use.
Preferably, according to the step (2), for a building in which it is difficult to count the number of people actually using it, the average outflow probability of the sanitary ware water supply equivalent at the time of maximum water consumption ispTake 0.36.
Preferably, according to step (4), the design second flow calculation formula of the pipe section is: .
Wherein:q g designing second flow (L/s) for a life water supply pipeline; 2.33 is a probability coefficient corresponding to a guarantee rate of 99%;βto take into account the coefficient of the pipe system that it is possible to concentrate the water in a short time.
Preferably, according to step (5), the design second flow calculation formula of the delay self-closing flushing valve is:
wherein:Nthe number of the self-closing flushing valves is the number of the delay self-closing flushing valves;pthe average outflow probability of the self-closing flushing valve is delayed.
Preferably, for buildings that are inconvenient to count the number of people used,ptaking 0.03-0.036.
Preferably, for public buildingspThe value is calculated as:
wherein:βto consider the coefficient of possible concentrated water in the system pipeline in a short time;mservicing a number of people for each time delay self-closing flush valve; the range of 0.0008 to 0.0013 is a coefficient considering the degree of congestion of the self-closing flush valve, and the lower limit is desirable when a urinal is provided.
Preferably, when the calculated value is smaller than a maximum rated flow of the sanitary ware on the pipe section, the maximum rated flow of the sanitary ware is adopted as the designed second flow;
when the calculated value is larger than the flow value obtained by accumulating the rated flow of the water according to the rated flow of the water on the pipe section, the accumulated flow value is used as the designed second flow according to the rated flow of the water.
Preferably, when the water supply main pipe has two or more water supply branch pipes with the same peak water use period and different average outflow probabilities of equivalent water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware when the water is used at maximum, the branch pipes should be calculated respectivelyN g ·p、N·pOr (b)Q s And accumulated by separate branchesN g ·p、N·pOr (b)Q s Calculating the design second flow of the main pipe;
when the peak of water consumption of different buildings or different functional parts appears in different time periods, the design second flow of the life water main pipe adopts the superposition value of the design second flow of the main building with the maximum water consumption at the peak and the water second flow at the average of the rest parts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the living drainage flow is calculated by using a probability method, various factors influencing the water consumption are comprehensively considered, the calculation result is more in line with the actual situation, and the living drainage flow is calculated by using the probability method, so that the living drainage flow has the observation advantage;
the drainage flow meter calculation formula deduced by the method is suitable for various industrial and civil buildings, is suitable for various pipe networks with different scales, and is a continuous primary mathematical formula, and convenient to use.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for calculating the second flow rate of water supply and drainage pipeline for building includes such steps as designing second flow rate of water supply pipeline for residential district, public building area, civil building and industrial building,
the specific calculation steps are as follows:
(1) The average outflow probability of water supply equivalent of the building with the number of the actual users is counted;
(2) For buildings with difficulty in counting actual people, the average outflow probability of water supply equivalent is used for the maximum water consumption;
(3) For public buildings, calculating the average outflow probability of water supply equivalent weight when the water is used at maximum;
(4) Calculating the design second flow of the pipe section according to the total water equivalent amount of the sanitary ware on the pipe section;
(5) For a water supply pipe section provided with a time-delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is overlapped with the flow generated by other appliances to be used as the design second flow of a life water supply pipeline.
According to the step (1), the building water supply calculation mode is as follows:
calculating average second flow rate of maximum time flow rate according to water supply equivalent of appliance, number of users, domestic water quota, time of use and hour change coefficient of building configurationQ s Calculating the average outflow probability of equivalent water supply of the sanitary ware when the water consumption is maximump。
Average second flow rate of maximum time flow rateQ s The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
（1）
average outflow probability of equivalent water supply of sanitary ware at maximum water consumptionpThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
（2）
wherein:Q s average second flow (L/s) which is the maximum flow of the life water supply pipeline;pthe average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware when the water supply pipeline is used for life is the maximum;q L the water is rated as the highest daily life water (L/person d, etc.);mthe number of users is the number of users or the number of uses of beds, customers, seats and the like;K h is a small time-varying coefficient; 0.2 is the rated flow (L/s) of water equivalent of a sanitary ware;N g the total number of water supply equivalents for the set sanitary ware;Tthe number of times (h) of use.
According to the step (2), for the buildings (such as public toilets, passenger stations and the like) in which the actual number of users is difficult to count, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware when the water is used at maximumpTake 0.36.
Average outflow probability of time-delay self-closing flushing valve for building with difficulty in counting number of peoplepCalculated according to formula (6).
Public buildings such as kindergarten, office building, school teaching building and the like can not calculate the average outflow probability of water equivalent of sanitary ware when the water is used at maximum according to the formula (2)pWhen used, the method can be selected according to Table 1.
Table 1 coefficients in public buildingsp、Value of beta
According to the step (4), according to the calculated total water equivalent of the device on the pipe section, calculating the design second flow calculation formula of the pipe section is as follows:
（3）
（4）
wherein:q g designing second flow (L/s) for a life water supply pipeline; 2.33 is a probability coefficient corresponding to a guarantee rate of 99%;βto take into account the coefficient of the pipe system that it is possible to concentrate the water in a short time.
According to step (5), in the water supply pipe section provided with the delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is overlapped with the flow generated by other sanitary appliances to be used as the design second flow of the life water supply pipeline, and the design second flow of the delay self-closing flushing valve is calculated according to the formula (5):
（5）
wherein:Nthe number of the self-closing flushing valves is the number of the delay self-closing flushing valves;pthe average outflow probability of the self-closing flushing valve is delayed.
For buildings where it is inconvenient to count the number of users,ptaking 0.03 to 0.036。
For public buildingspThe value is calculated as:
（6）
wherein:βthe values are shown in Table 1 for considering the coefficient of possible concentrated water in the system pipeline in short time;mservicing a number of people for each time delay self-closing flush valve; the range of 0.0008 to 0.0013 is a coefficient considering the degree of congestion of the self-closing flush valve, and the lower limit is desirable when a urinal is provided.
When calculating the flow rate generated by other sanitary ware, the water supply percentage of the branches accords with the specification of the current national standard 'civil building water-saving design standard' GB 50555.
When the calculated value is smaller than a maximum rated flow of the sanitary ware on the pipe section, the maximum rated flow of the sanitary ware is adopted as the designed second flow;
when the calculated value is larger than the flow value obtained by accumulating the rated flow of the water according to the rated flow of the water on the pipe section, the accumulated flow value is used as the designed second flow according to the rated flow of the water.
When the water supply main pipe has two or more water supply branch pipes with the same peak water use period and different average outflow probabilities of equivalent water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware when the water is used at maximum, the branch pipes should be calculated respectivelyN g ·p、N·pOr (b)Q s And accumulated by separate branchesN g ·p、N·pOr (b)Q s Substituting the flow into the formulas (3), (4) and (5) to calculate the designed second flow of the dry pipe;
when the peak of water consumption of different buildings or different functional parts appears in different time periods, the design second flow rate of the life water main pipe adopts the superposition value of the design second flow rate of the main building (or the maximum functional part of water consumption in the peak) with the maximum water consumption in the peak and the average water supply second flow rate of the rest parts.
According to the technical scheme, (1) when the probability method is adopted to calculate the second flow rate of the design of the living water supply pipeline, the guarantee rate is preferably 99%;
(2) The rated volume, the small time-varying coefficient, the rated flow, the equivalent and the like of the water supply of the sanitary ware meet the specification of GB 50015 of the current national standard building water supply and drainage design Specification;
in addition, the building calculation mode comprises the following steps:
(1) for a building with toilet, kitchen, bath, washing and laundry items, the average second flow of water discharge when the toilet, kitchen, bath, washing and laundry items are maximum is calculated according to formula (7) according to the water discharge equivalent of the toilet, the number of users, the domestic water quota, the time of use, the percentage of water supply of the items and the time variation coefficient of the toilet, the kitchen, the bath, the washing and laundry itemsQ s Calculating the average outflow probability of the equivalent water discharge of the sanitary ware when the maximum water consumption is calculated according to the formula (8)p;
（7）
（8）
Wherein:Q s average second flow (L/s) for maximum displacement;q L the daily life water quota for the highest water use is adopted according to the table 3.1.9 and the table 3.1.10 of GB 50015 of the present national standard building Water supply and drainage design Specification;mfor the number of users or beds, customers, seats, etc.;K h is thatThe small time variation coefficient is adopted according to the tables 3.1.9 and 3.1.10 of GB 50015 of the present national standard building Water supply and drainage design Specification;Tthe number of times (h) of use;fthe water supply percentage is adopted according to the table 3.1.8 of the current national standard 'civil building water-saving design Standard' GB 50555;pthe average drainage probability of the sanitary ware is divided when the drainage pipeline is the maximum drainage; 0.33 is the drainage flow (L/s) of a sanitary fixture drainage equivalent;N p draining water for set separate sanitary wareA quantity number;
(2) the data for calculating the flow of the sanitary ware is calculated according to the steps and methods specified by the formula (7) and the formula (8). Wherein the percentage of the fraction is the percentage of the fraction water supply when the water is used at maximum. When the data is not complete, the data of table 2 may be employed.
Table 2 data for calculating flow rate of sanitary ware in toilet (or living room)
(3) The second flow rate of the design of the living drainage pipeline of the building such as a public toilet and a passenger station which are difficult to count the number of people is calculated according to the formula (9), the average drainage probability p of the toilet bowl during the maximum drainage can be 0.036, and the average drainage probability p of other sanitary appliances can be 0.36.
(4) According to the average drainage probability and the drainage equivalent total number of various sanitary appliances on the pipe section, the design second flow of the domestic drainage pipeline of the pipe section can be calculated according to the formula (9):
wherein:q p is thatDesigning second flow (L/s) of a domestic drainage pipeline;q d is thatCalculating a water discharge flow (L/s) of an appliance of a sanitary appliance having a dominant water discharge probability on the pipe section;N p is thatThe number of drainage equivalent of the set sub-sanitary ware;pthe average use probability of the sanitary ware is the maximum water consumption; betaIs thatConsider the coefficient of possible concentrated drainage in the system piping brief. The values are shown in Table 1;q max is thatCalculating the drainage flow (L/s) of the largest sanitary ware on the pipe section;k isCorrection coefficient at a guarantee rate of 0.99kTaking 1.2.
When calculating the design second flow rate of the domestic drainage pipeline according to the steps (1) and (4), the following regulations are also adopted:
(1) When the calculated value is smaller than a maximum sanitary ware drainage flow on the pipe section, the maximum sanitary ware drainage flow is adopted as the design second flow;
(2) When the calculated value is larger than the flow value obtained by accumulating the drainage flow of the sanitary ware on the pipe section, the flow value is adopted according to the accumulated drainage flow of the sanitary ware;
(3) When the drainage pipeline is provided with two or more than two drainage branch pipes with the same peak drainage time period and different maximum drainage time sanitary ware average drainage probabilities, the branch pipes should be calculated respectivelyN p ·pAccumulated by separate branchesN p ·pSubstituting the flow into a formula (9) to calculate the design second flow of the pipe section;
(4) When the drainage peak of various sanitary appliances appears in different time periods, the sanitary appliances should be used in the peak time periodN p ·p0.5 of sanitary ware with rest periodN p ·pSubstituting the superposition value of the flow rate into the formula (9) to calculate the design second flow rate of the pipe section.
(5) Bathtub with shower device, without calculating water discharge flow rate generated by water discharge of shower device
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for calculating a second flow probability method for designing a water supply and drainage pipeline for building life is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The average outflow probability of water supply equivalent of the building with the number of the actual users is counted;
(2) For buildings with difficulty in counting actual people, the average outflow probability of water supply equivalent is used for the maximum water consumption;
(3) For public buildings, calculating the average outflow probability of water supply equivalent weight when the water is used at maximum;
(4) Calculating the design second flow of the pipe section according to the total water equivalent amount of the sanitary ware on the pipe section;
(5) For a water supply pipe section provided with a delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is overlapped with the flow generated by other appliances to be used as the design second flow of a life water supply pipeline;
according to the step (1), the building water supply calculation mode is as follows:
calculating average second flow Qs of maximum flow according to appliance water supply equivalent, number of users, domestic water quota, number of times of use and hour change coefficient of building configuration, and then calculating average outflow probability p of the appliance water equivalent when the maximum water is used;
the calculation formula of the average second flow Qs of the maximum flow is as follows:
the calculation formula of the average outflow probability p of the equivalent water supply of the sanitary ware at the maximum water consumption is as follows:
wherein: qs is the average second flow rate of the maximum flow rate of the living water supply pipeline, and the unit is L/s; p is the average outflow probability of the sanitary ware water supply equivalent when the living water supply pipeline is used for the maximum water consumption; qL is the maximum daily life water quota, and the unit is L/person.d; m is the number of users or the number of beds, customers and seats; kh is a small time-varying coefficient; 0.2 is the rated flow of water equivalent of a sanitary ware, and the unit is L/s; ng is the total water equivalent number of the set sanitary ware; t is the number of using time, and the unit is h;
according to the step (2), taking 0.36 of the average outflow probability p of the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware when the maximum water is used for the building in which the actual number of people is difficult to count;
according to the step (4), the design second flow calculation formula of the pipe section is:
wherein: qg is to design second flow for the living water supply pipeline, and the unit is L/s;2.33 is a probability coefficient corresponding to a guarantee rate of 99%; beta is a coefficient considering that the piping system may concentrate water in a short time.
2. The method for calculating the design second flow probability of the water supply and drainage pipeline for the building life according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: according to the step (5), the design second flow calculation formula of the delay self-closing flushing valve is as follows:
wherein: n is the number of the delay self-closing flushing valves; p is the average outflow probability of the delay self-closing flushing valve.
3. The method for calculating the design second flow probability of the water supply and drainage pipeline for building life according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: for the buildings inconvenient to count the number of users, p is 0.03-0.036.
4. The method for calculating the design second flow probability of the water supply and drainage pipeline for building life according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the p-value for public buildings is calculated as:
p＝β(0.0008～0.0013)m
wherein: beta is a coefficient considering that water possibly is concentrated in a short time of a system pipeline; m is the number of service people of each time delay self-closing flushing valve; the range of 0.0008 to 0.0013 is a coefficient considering the degree of congestion of the self-closing flush valve, and the lower limit is desirable when a urinal is provided.
5. The method for calculating the design second flow probability of the water supply and drainage pipeline for building life according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: when the calculated value is smaller than a maximum rated flow of the sanitary ware on the pipe section, the maximum rated flow of the sanitary ware is adopted as the designed second flow;
when the calculated value is larger than the flow value obtained by accumulating the rated flow of the water according to the rated flow of the water on the pipe section, the accumulated flow value is used as the designed second flow according to the rated flow of the water.
6. The method for calculating the design second flow probability of the water supply and drainage pipeline for building life according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: when the water supply main pipe has two or more water supply branch pipes with the same peak water use period and different water use maximum water use sanitary ware water equivalent average outflow probability, the ng.p, N.p or Qs of each branch pipe should be calculated respectively, and the design second flow of the main pipe is calculated according to the ng.p, N.p or Qs accumulated by each branch pipe;
when the peak of water consumption of different buildings or different functional parts appears in different time periods, the design second flow of the life water main pipe adopts the superposition value of the design second flow of the building with the maximum water consumption during the peak and the average water supply second flow of the rest parts.
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