CN110765416A - Second flow probability method for building life water supply and drainage pipeline design - Google Patents
Second flow probability method for building life water supply and drainage pipeline design Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of domestic water supply and drainage, in particular to a second flow probability method for designing a building domestic water supply and drainage pipeline, which comprises the following steps: (1) calculating the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the building with the number of actual users; (2) for buildings with difficulty in counting the number of actually used people, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent at the maximum water consumption is used; (3) for public buildings, calculating the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent when the maximum water consumption is achieved; (4) calculating the design second flow of the pipe section according to the equivalent total number of the water supply of the sanitary ware on the pipe section; (5) for the water supply pipe section provided with the time-delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is superposed with the flow generated by other appliances to be used as the second flow of the design of the domestic water supply pipeline, and the safety of the domestic drainage pipeline is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of domestic water supply and drainage, in particular to a second flow probability method for building domestic water supply and drainage pipeline design.
Background
The design second flow rate is the design flow rate reflecting the instantaneous peak water usage rule of the water supply system, and the unit is measured in L/s. The method is mainly used for determining the pipe diameter of the water supply pipe, calculating the head loss of the water supply pipe system, selecting a proper water pump and the like. When designing a building water supply pipeline system, the maximum instantaneous water supply flow value at the peak water consumption time period needs to be calculated by combining various parameters such as the water supply equivalent of sanitary wares, the number of users, the water consumption quota, the water consumption law and the like in the system, and the value is taken as the water supply design second flow.
The design second flow is one of the most important technical parameters of the water supply system of the building, and reflects the design load of the water supply system of the building. Therefore, the reasonable design flow calculation method has important practical significance. It is not advisable to increase or decrease the design second flow rate at once: the second flow of the design is improved, the scale of the pipeline system is enlarged, and the construction cost is increased; otherwise, the hydraulic working condition is destroyed, and the water use requirement cannot be ensured.
The design flow of the drainage pipeline in the building is the basis for determining the pipe diameter of each pipe section, and is one of the most important technical parameters in a drainage system. If the calculated design second flow is smaller than the actually generated flow, the actual flow exceeds the allowable water-passing capacity of a drainage pipeline, the water seal of a drainage system is damaged, and toxic and harmful gas escapes into a room from the pipeline system; the air quality in the room is affected slightly, and the health is affected seriously. If the calculated design second flow is larger than the actually generated flow, economic waste can be caused; secondly, because the flow velocity of the pipeline is small, when the flow velocity is smaller than the self-cleaning flow velocity, the pipeline can be silted up.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for calculating the second flow probability of the design of a building domestic water supply and drainage pipeline, which aims to solve the problems that the calculation mode is unreasonable in the prior art, and the second flow of the design obtained by calculation is greater than the actual flow, so that economic waste is caused; secondly, because the flow velocity of the pipeline is small, when the flow velocity is smaller than the self-cleaning flow velocity, the pipeline can be silted up.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for calculating the second flow probability of a building domestic water supply and drainage pipeline design comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the building with the number of actual users;
(2) for buildings with difficulty in counting the number of actually used people, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent at the maximum water consumption is used;
(3) for public buildings, calculating the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent when the maximum water consumption is achieved;
(4) calculating the design second flow of the pipe section according to the equivalent total number of the water supply of the sanitary ware on the pipe section;
(5) for the water supply pipe section provided with the time-delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is superposed with the flow generated by other appliances to be used as the second flow of the life water supply pipeline.
Preferably, according to the step (1), the building feedwater calculation method is as follows:
calculating average second flow of maximum time flow according to water supply equivalent of appliances, number of people, domestic water quota, service time and hour variation coefficientQ sThen, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware at the time of maximum water consumption is calculatedp。
Preferably, the average second flow rate of the maximum time flow rateQ sThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
average outflow probability of water supply equivalent of sanitary ware in maximum water consumptionpThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:Q s the average second flow (L/s) is the maximum time flow of the domestic water supply pipeline;pthe average outflow probability of the sanitary ware water supply equivalent when the domestic water supply pipeline uses the maximum water;q L the maximum daily domestic water quota (L/person d, etc.);mthe number of users or the number of beds, customers, seats and the like;K h is the hourly coefficient of variation; 0.2 is the rated flow (L/s) of a sanitary fixture water supply equivalent;N g feeding an equivalent total of water to the set plumbing fixture;Tthe number of hours of use (h).
Preferably, according to step (2), for buildings where it is difficult to count the number of people actually used, the plumbing fixture is supplied with water when the maximum water usage is reachedAverage outflow probability of a volumepTake 0.36.
Preferably, according to step (4), the design second flow calculation formula of the pipe section is as follows: .
In the formula:q g designing second flow (L/s) for a domestic water supply pipeline; 2.33 is the probability coefficient corresponding to the guarantee rate of 99%;βto take into account the factor by which the piping system is likely to concentrate water in a short period of time.
Preferably, according to the step (5), the designed second flow calculation formula of the time-delay self-closing flushing valve is as follows:
in the formula:Nthe number of the time-delay self-closing flushing valves is;pthe average outflow probability of the time-delay self-closing flushing valve is provided.
Preferably, for buildings where it is not convenient to count the number of users,ptaking 0.03-0.036.
Preferably, for public buildingspThe values are calculated as:
in the formula:βto consider the coefficient of the possible concentrated water utilization in the short time of the system pipeline;mthe number of people is served for each time delay self-closing flushing valve; 0.0008 to 0.0013 is a coefficient considering the crowding use degree of the self-closing flushing valve, and when the urinal is arranged, the lower limit can be taken.
Preferably, when the calculated value is less than a maximum rated flow of the sanitary appliance on the pipe section, the maximum rated flow of the sanitary appliance is used as a design second flow;
when the calculated value is larger than the flow value obtained by adding up the rated flow of the appliance water supply on the pipe section, the flow value is added up according to the rated flow of the appliance water supply and is used as the second flow of the design.
Preferably, when the water supply main pipe has two or more water supply branch pipes with the same peak water consumption time interval and different maximum water consumption equivalent average outflow probabilities of the water supply of the sanitary ware, the branch pipes are calculated respectivelyN g ·p、N·pOrQ s And accumulated by branchesN g ·p、N·pOrQ s Calculating the design second flow of the main pipe;
when the peak of water consumption of different buildings or different using functional parts occurs in different time periods, the designed second flow of the domestic water supply main pipe adopts the superposition value of the designed second flow of the main building with the maximum peak water consumption and the average second flow of the water supply of the rest parts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages that the probability method is used for calculating the domestic drainage flow, various factors influencing water consumption are comprehensively considered, the calculation result is more in line with the actual situation, and the probability method is used for calculation, so that the observation advantage is achieved;
the drainage flow calculation formula deduced by the application is suitable for various industrial and civil buildings, is suitable for pipe networks of various scales, and is convenient to use because the formula is a general formula of continuous elementary mathematics.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for calculating the second flow probability of the design of a domestic water supply and drainage pipeline of a building comprises the second flow of the design of the domestic water supply pipeline of residential districts, public building areas, civil buildings and industrial buildings,
the specific calculation steps are as follows:
(1) calculating the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the building with the number of actual users;
(2) for buildings with difficulty in counting the number of actually used people, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent at the maximum water consumption is used;
(3) for public buildings, calculating the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent when the maximum water consumption is achieved;
(4) calculating the design second flow of the pipe section according to the equivalent total number of the water supply of the sanitary ware on the pipe section;
(5) for the water supply pipe section provided with the time-delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is superposed with the flow generated by other appliances to be used as the second flow of the life water supply pipeline.
According to the step (1), the building water supply calculation method comprises the following steps:
calculating average second flow of maximum time flow according to water supply equivalent of appliances, number of people, domestic water quota, service time and hour variation coefficientQ sThen, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware at the time of maximum water consumption is calculatedp。
Average second flow of maximum time flowQ sThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
average outflow probability of water supply equivalent of sanitary ware in maximum water consumptionpThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:Q s the average second flow (L/s) is the maximum time flow of the domestic water supply pipeline;pthe average outflow probability of the sanitary ware water supply equivalent when the domestic water supply pipeline uses the maximum water;q L for the highest daily lifeWater quota (L/person d, etc.);mthe number of users or the number of beds, customers, seats and the like;K h is the hourly coefficient of variation; 0.2 is the rated flow (L/s) of a sanitary fixture water supply equivalent;N g feeding an equivalent total of water to the set plumbing fixture;Tthe number of hours of use (h).
According to the step (2), for buildings (such as public toilets, passenger stations and the like) with difficulty in counting the number of people actually used, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware at the time of maximum water use is calculatedpTake 0.36.
Average outflow probability of time-delay self-closing flushing valve for building with difficulty in counting numberpCalculated according to equation (6).
Public buildings, such as kindergartens, office buildings, school teaching buildings and the like, can not calculate the average outflow probability of the equivalent water supply of the sanitary ware when the maximum water consumption is calculated according to the formula (2)pWhen used, the materials can be selected according to the table 1.
TABLE 1 coefficients in public buildingsp、β value
According to the step (4), calculating the total equivalent of the water supplied by the water supply device on the pipe section, and calculating the designed second flow of the pipe section according to the formula:
in the formula:q g designing second flow (L/s) for a domestic water supply pipeline; 2.33 is the probability coefficient corresponding to the guarantee rate of 99%;βto take into account the factor by which the piping system is likely to concentrate water in a short period of time.
According to the step (5), in the water supply pipe section provided with the time-delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is superposed with the flow generated by other sanitary wares to be used as the design second flow of the domestic water supply pipe, and the design second flow of the time-delay self-closing flushing valve is calculated according to the formula (5):
in the formula:Nthe number of the time-delay self-closing flushing valves is;pthe average outflow probability of the time-delay self-closing flushing valve is provided.
For buildings where it is not convenient to count the number of users,ptaking 0.03-0.036.
For public buildingspThe values are calculated as:
in the formula:βin order to consider the coefficient of the possible centralized water utilization in the short time of the system pipeline, the values are shown in the table 1;mthe number of people is served for each time delay self-closing flushing valve; 0.0008 to 0.0013 is a coefficient considering the crowding use degree of the self-closing flushing valve, and when the urinal is arranged, the lower limit can be taken.
When the flow generated by other sanitary appliances is calculated, the fractional water supply percentage of the sanitary appliances meets the regulation of the current national standard GB 50555 for civil building Water conservation design Standard.
When the calculated value is smaller than the rated flow of a maximum sanitary appliance on the pipe section, the rated flow of the maximum sanitary appliance is used as the second flow of the design;
when the calculated value is larger than the flow value obtained by adding up the rated flow of the appliance water supply on the pipe section, the flow value is added up according to the rated flow of the appliance water supply and is used as the second flow of the design.
When the water supply main pipe has two or more water supply branch pipes with the same peak water consumption time interval and different maximum water consumption equivalent average outflow probabilities of the water supply of the sanitary ware, the average outflow probabilities of the branch pipes are calculated respectivelyN g ·p、N·pOrQ s And accumulated by branchesN g ·p、N·pOrQ s Substituting the formula (3), the formula (4) and the formula (5) into the main pipe, and calculating the design second flow of the main pipe;
when the peak of water consumption of different buildings or different using functional parts occurs in different time periods, the designed second flow of the domestic water supply main pipe adopts the superposition value of the designed second flow of the main building (or the maximum using functional part at the peak) with the maximum water consumption at the peak and the average water supply second flow of the rest parts.
By adopting the technical scheme, (1) when the second flow of the life water supply pipeline design is calculated by adopting a probability method, the guarantee rate is preferably 99%;
(2) the quota of domestic water, the hourly variation coefficient, the rated flow and the equivalent weight of the water supply of the sanitary ware and the like meet the regulations of the current national standard GB 50015 of the design Specification of the water supply and drainage of the building;
in addition, the building calculation mode is as follows:
①, for a building with toilet, kitchen, bath, toilet, laundry, etc., the average second flow of the maximum time drainage of toilet, kitchen, bath, toilet, laundry, etc. is calculated according to equation (7) based on the equivalent drainage, number of users, domestic water ration, hours of use, fractional water supply percentage, and hour change coefficient of the toilet, kitchen, bath, toilet, laundry, etc. of the buildingQ s Calculating the average outflow probability of the drainage equivalent of the sanitary ware according to the formula (8)p;
In the formula:Q s average second flow (L/s) which is the maximum water displacement;q L the water is rated for daily domestic water with highest water consumption according to the current national standard GB 50015 Table 3.1.9 and Table 3.1.10 of design Specification for Water supply and drainage for buildings;mfor the number of users or bed, customerNumber of seats, etc.;K h is composed ofThe hourly variation coefficient is adopted according to the current national standard GB 50015 Table 3.1.9 and Table 3.1.10 of the design Specification for Water supply and drainage of buildings;Tthe number of hours of use (h);fthe percentage of water supply is divided into different terms, and is adopted according to the current national standard GB 50555 Table 3.1.8;pthe average drainage probability of sanitary ware is evaluated when the domestic drainage pipeline drains water maximally; 0.33 drainage flow rate (L/s) which is equivalent to drainage of a sanitary ware;N p the equivalent number of drainage for the arranged itemized sanitary ware;
②, buildings such as houses, villas, apartments, etc. having toilets in their homes (or rooms), sanitary fixtures calculating flow data, should be calculated according to the steps and methods specified in equations (7) and (8), wherein the fractional percentages should be given as fractional percentages of maximum water usage, and when the data is not complete, the data of Table 2 can be used.
TABLE 2 data for flow calculation of toilet in toilet set (or in room)
③, public toilets, passenger stations and the like, the number of people used is difficult to count, the second flow rate of the design of the domestic drainage pipeline is calculated according to the formula (9), the average drainage probability p of the toilet bowl at the maximum drainage can be 0.036, and the average drainage probability p of other sanitary wares can be 0.36.
④, calculating the second flow rate of the domestic drainage pipeline of the pipe section according to the formula (9) according to the average drainage probability and the total equivalent drainage quantity of various sanitary wares on the pipe section:
in the formula:q p is composed ofDesigning the second flow (L/s) of the domestic drainage pipeline;q d is composed ofMethod for calculating the water discharge flow of a sanitary fixture having a preferential water discharge probability in the pipe sectionAmount (L/s);N p is composed ofThe number of equivalent drainage of the arranged itemized sanitary wares;paverage probability of using sanitary ware for maximum water consumption βIs composed ofThe coefficient of possible concentrated drainage in a short time of the system pipeline is considered. The values are shown in Table 1;q max is composed ofCalculating the discharge flow (L/s) of the largest sanitary fixture on the pipe section;k isCorrection factor at a guaranteed rate of 0.99kTake 1.2.
When the second flow rate of the domestic drainage pipeline is calculated according to the ① - ④, the following regulations are also required:
(1) when the calculated value is less than the maximum sanitary fixture drainage flow on the pipe section, the maximum sanitary fixture drainage flow is used as the design second flow;
(2) when the calculated value is larger than the flow value accumulated according to the discharge flow of the sanitary ware on the pipe section, the flow value is adopted according to the accumulated flow value of the discharge flow of the sanitary ware;
(3) when the drainage pipeline has two or more than two drainage branch pipes with the same peak drainage time interval and different average drainage probability of the sanitary ware during maximum drainage, the branch pipes are calculated respectivelyN p ·pAccumulated by branchesN p ·pSubstituting the formula (9) into the formula (9), and calculating the design second flow of the pipe section;
(4) when the drainage peak of a plurality of sanitary wares occurs at different time intervals, the drainage peak of the sanitary wares should be at the time of the peakN p ·p0.5 of sanitary ware in the rest periodN p ·pSubstituting the superposition value into the formula (9) to calculate the design second flow of the pipe section.
(5) Bathtub with shower, without calculating the drainage flow rate of shower
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A second flow probability method for building life water supply and drainage pipeline design is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the building with the number of actual users;
(2) for buildings with difficulty in counting the number of actually used people, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent at the maximum water consumption is used;
(3) for public buildings, calculating the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent when the maximum water consumption is achieved;
(4) calculating the design second flow of the pipe section according to the equivalent total number of the water supply of the sanitary ware on the pipe section;
(5) for the water supply pipe section provided with the time-delay self-closing flushing valve, the flow of the flushing valve is superposed with the flow generated by other appliances to be used as the second flow of the life water supply pipeline.
2. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 1, characterized in that: according to the step (1), the building water supply calculation method comprises the following steps:
calculating average second flow of maximum time flow according to water supply equivalent of appliances, number of people, domestic water quota, service time and hour variation coefficientQ sThen, the average outflow probability of the water supply equivalent of the sanitary ware at the time of maximum water consumption is calculatedp。
3. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 2, characterized in that: average second flow of maximum time flowQ sThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
average outflow probability of water supply equivalent of sanitary ware in maximum water consumptionpThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:Q s the average second flow (L/s) is the maximum time flow of the domestic water supply pipeline;pthe average outflow probability of the sanitary ware water supply equivalent when the domestic water supply pipeline uses the maximum water;q L the maximum daily domestic water quota (L/person d, etc.);mthe number of users or the number of beds, customers, seats and the like;K h is the hourly coefficient of variation; 0.2 is the rated flow (L/s) of a sanitary fixture water supply equivalent;N g feeding an equivalent total of water to the set plumbing fixture;Tthe number of hours of use (h).
4. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 1, characterized in that: according to the step (2), the average outflow probability of the toilet water supply equivalent at the maximum water consumption of the building in which the actual number of people is difficult to count is obtainedpTake 0.36.
5. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 3, characterized in that: according to the step (4), the design second flow calculation formula of the pipe section is as follows:
in the formula:q g designing second flow (L/s) for a domestic water supply pipeline; 2.33 is the probability coefficient corresponding to the guarantee rate of 99%;βto take into account the factor by which the piping system is likely to concentrate water in a short period of time.
6. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 1, characterized in that: according to the step (5), the design second flow calculation formula of the time-delay self-closing flushing valve is as follows:
in the formula:Nthe number of the time-delay self-closing flushing valves is;pthe average outflow probability of the time-delay self-closing flushing valve is provided.
7. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 6, characterized in that: for buildings where it is not convenient to count the number of users,ptaking 0.03-0.036.
8. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 7, characterized in that: for public buildingspThe values are calculated as:
in the formula:βto consider the coefficient of the possible concentrated water utilization in the short time of the system pipeline;mthe number of people is served for each time delay self-closing flushing valve; 0.0008 to 0.0013 is a coefficient considering the crowding use degree of the self-closing flushing valve, and when the urinal is arranged, the lower limit can be taken.
9. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 8, characterized in that: when the calculated value is smaller than the rated flow of a maximum sanitary appliance on the pipe section, the rated flow of the maximum sanitary appliance is used as the second flow of the design;
when the calculated value is larger than the flow value obtained by adding up the rated flow of the appliance water supply on the pipe section, the flow value is added up according to the rated flow of the appliance water supply and is used as the second flow of the design.
10. The method for calculating the second flow probability method for the design of the water supply and drainage pipeline of the building life according to claim 9, characterized in that: when the water supply main pipe has two or more water supply branch pipes with the same peak water consumption time interval and different maximum water consumption equivalent average outflow probabilities of the water supply of the sanitary ware, the average outflow probabilities of the branch pipes are calculated respectivelyN g ·p、N·pOrQ s And accumulated by branchesN g ·p、N·pOrQ s Calculating the design second flow of the main pipe;
when the peak of water consumption of different buildings or different using functional parts occurs in different time periods, the designed second flow of the domestic water supply main pipe adopts the superposition value of the designed second flow of the main building with the maximum peak water consumption and the average second flow of the water supply of the rest parts.
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