CN110760303B - Quantum dot purification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a purification method of quantum dots, which comprises the following steps: providing a quantum dot solution, wherein the quantum dot solution comprises quantum dots, free organic carboxylic acid and organic alcohol; providing a gel sheet comprising a gel and halogen molecules doped in the gel; applying the quantum dot solution to the gel plate, providing a power supply, and providing a first voltage to the gel plate to enable the free organic carboxylic acid to react with the halogen molecules; providing a second voltage to the gel sheet to cause electrophoresis of the reaction product on the gel sheet toward an end of the gel sheet adjacent to the positive electrode of the power supply; and separating one end of the gel plate close to the negative electrode of the power supply to obtain the purified quantum dots. The method is based on the electrophoresis effect and can remove residual organic carboxylic acid in the quantum dots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum dots, in particular to a purification method of quantum dots.
Background
With the recent years that quantum dots and their related materials have been used for their excellent optical properties: such as narrow fluorescence emission half-peak width, high fluorescence quantum yield, easy modification of various functional groups on the surface, and the like; and also has incomparable characteristics in biochemical performance: such as good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, the superior properties enable the quantum dots to have wide application prospects in the fields of biochemistry, optical analysis and detection and the like.
It is well known that in photovoltaic lighting and display devices, and even in solar devices, the purity requirements for photovoltaic materials are very high. The introduction of trace and trace impurities can not only affect the optical and electrical properties of the photoelectric material, but also irreversibly affect the service life and structure of the photoelectric device, thereby greatly reducing the industrial application performance of the corresponding photoelectric material.
The quantum dots of semiconductor materials currently used in the photoelectric field are mostly prepared by synthesis through a high-temperature oil phase method. The quantum dots synthesized by the method often have insufficient luminous intensity and efficiency to achieve good luminous performance, and the ideal luminous performance can be achieved by introducing organic carboxylic acid to carry out surface modification on the quantum dots in the synthesis process by adopting an organic ligand exchange method. However, the quantum dots still have a small amount of organic carboxylic acid residues in the solution after the surface ligand exchange or modification is completed, which affects the performance of the device. The organic carboxylic acids are often not separated efficiently by centrifugation or extraction.
Accordingly, the prior art remains to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for purifying quantum dots, and aims to solve the problem that the prior method cannot realize effective separation of quantum dot products and system impurities.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a purification method of quantum dots, comprising the steps of:
providing a quantum dot solution, wherein the quantum dot solution comprises quantum dots, free organic carboxylic acid and organic alcohol;
providing a gel sheet comprising a gel and halogen molecules doped in the gel;
applying the quantum dot solution to the gel plate, providing a power supply, providing a first voltage to the gel plate, and reacting the free organic carboxylic acid with the halogen molecule to obtain a reaction product, wherein the reaction product comprises one or more of alpha-halogenated carboxylic acid, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid and alpha, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid;
providing a second voltage to the gel sheet to cause electrophoresis of the reaction product on the gel sheet toward an end of the gel sheet adjacent to the positive electrode of the power supply;
and separating one end of the gel plate close to the negative electrode of the power supply to obtain the purified quantum dots.
Has the advantages that: according to the method, the halogen molecules are doped into the gel, and the halogen molecules can specifically react with free organic carboxylic acid in the quantum dot solution to generate mono-or poly-halogenated carboxylic acid, so that the electronegativity of the free organic carboxylic acid is enhanced, the free organic carboxylic acid is regularly transferred under the action of an electric field, and the residual organic carboxylic acid is separated based on the principle. The method for separating the residual organic carboxylic acid in the quantum dots by using the Hell-Ulha-Zerlington reaction is based on the electrophoresis effect, is easy to operate, simple and quick, and can remove the organic carboxylic acid impurities in the quantum dot solution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the reaction mechanism of the organic carboxylic acid with the halogen molecule provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of a quantum dot purification method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for purifying quantum dots, which is further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for purifying quantum dots, which comprises the following steps:
providing a quantum dot solution, wherein the quantum dot solution comprises quantum dots, free organic carboxylic acid and organic alcohol;
providing a gel sheet comprising a gel and halogen molecules doped in the gel;
applying the quantum dot solution to the gel plate, providing a power supply, providing a first voltage to the gel plate, and reacting the free organic carboxylic acid with the halogen molecule to obtain a reaction product, wherein the reaction product comprises one or more of alpha-halogenated carboxylic acid, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid and alpha, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid;
providing a second voltage to the gel sheet to cause electrophoresis of the reaction product on the gel sheet toward an end of the gel sheet adjacent to the positive electrode of the power supply;
and separating one end of the gel plate close to the negative electrode of the power supply to obtain the purified quantum dots.
The purification principle of the quantum dots in the embodiment is specifically as follows: since the halogen molecule specifically reacts with alpha and/or beta hydrogen in the free organic carboxylic acid, the organic carboxylic acid bound on the surface of the quantum dot is already in a wrapped state, and the alpha or beta hydrogen directly exposed outside is few, the quantum dot needs to be protected in order to avoid the loss of the quantum dot per se in the process of removing the free organic carboxylic acid. In this embodiment, the quantum dots and the organic alcohol are mixed for two purposes: firstly, the addition of the organic alcohol can enable the separation degree of free organic carboxylic acid to be better, and the molecular structure of the organic alcohol enables the organic alcohol to have very small surface tension, so that the resistance of the organic carboxylic acid to migrate in the gel is reduced; and secondly, the organic alcohol can form intermolecular van der Waals force with the surface of the quantum dot to form a simple coating, and halogen molecules can not directly react with the organic alcohol and specifically react with free organic carboxylic acid.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, by incorporating halogen molecules into the gel, the halogen molecules can specifically react with free organic carboxylic acids (such as n-butyric acid) in the quantum dot solution to generate one or more of α -halogenated carboxylic acid, β -halogenated carboxylic acid and α, β -halogenated carboxylic acid, so that the electronegativity of the free organic carboxylic acids is enhanced, and the free organic carboxylic acids regularly migrate under the action of an electric field, thereby separating the residual organic carboxylic acids. The method is easy to operate, simple and quick, and can remove the organic carboxylic acid impurities in the quantum dot solution.
In this embodiment, the quantum dots and the organic alcohol are mixed for two purposes: firstly, the addition of the organic alcohol can enable the separation degree of free organic carboxylic acid to be better, and the molecular structure of the organic alcohol enables the organic alcohol to have very small surface tension, so that the resistance of the organic carboxylic acid to migrate in the gel is reduced; and secondly, the organic alcohol can form intermolecular van der Waals force with the surface of the quantum dot to form a simple coating, and halogen molecules can not directly react with the organic alcohol and specifically react with free organic carboxylic acid.
In this embodiment, the quantum dot solution includes quantum dots, free organic carboxylic acid, and organic alcohol. The quantum dot solution is a product solution obtained after a quantum dot synthesis reaction, and can also be a product solution obtained after organic carboxylic acid is adopted to perform surface ligand exchange on quantum dots, in the reaction process, the organic carboxylic acid can be used as a ligand and is combined on the surfaces of the quantum dots through carboxyl, the free organic carboxylic acid is the organic carboxylic acid remained in the product solution in the two reaction processes, and the free organic carboxylic acid can react with halogen molecules. The further quantum dot solution can also be a product solution obtained by performing conventional physical or chemical separation and purification on the product solution obtained in the two processes.
In a preferred embodiment, the preparation process of the quantum dot solution comprises: and uniformly mixing the quantum dots, the free organic carboxylic acid, the organic alcohol and the buffer solution to obtain the quantum dot solution. Preferably, the buffer is selected from one or more of TAE buffer, TBE buffer, TPE buffer, MOPS buffer, Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer, phosphate buffer and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the quantum dots are selected from one or more of group II-VI quantum dots, group III-V quantum dots, group IV-VI quantum dots, all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots, organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, copper-sulfur-indium quantum dots, silicon quantum dots, and the like. By way of example, the group II-VI quantum dots are selected from one or more of CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, ZnS, CdTe, ZnTe, CdZnS, ZnSeS, CdSeS, CdSeSTe, and cdznsete; the III-V group quantum dots are selected from one or more of InP, InAs, InAsP and the like; the IV-VI group quantum dots are selected from one or more of PbS, PbSe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the structure of the quantum dot may be selected from one or more of a homogeneous binary component mononuclear structure, a homogeneous multi-component alloy component mononuclear structure, a multi-component alloy component gradient mononuclear structure, a binary component discrete core-shell structure, a multi-component alloy component gradient core-shell structure, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of aliphatic carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, and the like. The organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of monocarboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, and the like, according to the number of carboxyl groups. The organic carboxylic acid may also be selected from one or more of saturated carboxylic acids, unsaturated carboxylic acids, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the organic alcohol is selected from one or more of glycerol, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the quantum dot solution is 0.1 to 0.45 g/ml.
In a preferred embodiment, in the quantum dot solution, the mass ratio of the quantum dots to the organic alcohol is 5:1 to 50: 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the gel is selected from one or more of polyacrylamide gel, agarose gel, sucrose gel, glucose gel, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the gel sheet is prepared by the following method: dispersing halogen molecules into the gel, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate.
In a more preferred embodiment, the gel sheet is prepared by the following method: putting the gel in a buffer solution to obtain a gel solution; and dispersing halogen molecules and a catalyst into the gel solution, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate. Preferably, theThe halogen molecule is selected from Cl2、Br2And I2One or more of the following; the catalyst is selected from one or more of phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus simple substance and the like; the buffer solution is selected from one or more of TAE buffer solution, TBE buffer solution, TPE buffer solution, MOPS buffer solution, Tris-hydrochloric acid buffer solution, phosphate buffer solution and the like. Preferably, the mass ratio of the halogen molecule, the catalyst and the gel is 1000:1:1000-2000:1: 5000. Gels generally consist of linear polysaccharide polymers, which are chemically less reactive and stable in nature, do not substantially participate in chemical reactions, and serve only as a separate carrier. The gel has a loose network structure inside, and substance molecules can be subjected to different resistances when passing through the gel, for example, the gel with large resistance when macromolecular substances such as quantum dots and the like move is generally composed of linear polysaccharide polymers, has low chemical activity and stable property, does not participate in chemical reaction basically, and is only used as a separated carrier. The gel has a loose network structure inside, and substance molecules can be subjected to different resistances when passing through, for example, macromolecular substances such as quantum dots and the like are subjected to large resistance when moving and cannot migrate, and free micromolecular substances are subjected to small resistance and can migrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the gel plate is provided with a loading well, the loading well is provided at one end of the gel plate near the negative electrode of the power supply, and the quantum dot solution is applied to the loading well of the gel plate. By adopting the embodiment, all the purified quantum dots are accommodated in the sample hole, and the recovery rate and purity of the product are improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the gel plate is applied with a first voltage to react the free organic carboxylic acid with the halogen molecule at a temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the first voltage is 5-50V. Under the voltage and the temperature, free organic carboxylic acid in the quantum dot solution and the halogen molecule can effectively react under the action of a catalyst to obtain one or more of-halogenated carboxylic acid, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid and alpha, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid. The mono-or poly-halogenated carboxylic acid can be obtained by increasing or decreasing the dosage of halogen molecules and adjusting the pH value, thereby controlling the separation effect of the organic carboxylic acid. Preferably, the reaction time is 30 to 100 minutes, at which time the reaction is ensured to be complete.
The mechanism of reaction of the carboxylic acid with the halogen molecule: catalysts such as phosphorus tribromide first convert carboxylic acids to acid bromides, which are more reactive with the acid halide α -hydrogen and are more susceptible to enolization, making halogenation easier. The generated bromoenol reacts with bromine to generate alpha-halogenated acyl bromide, and then the alpha-halogenated acyl bromide reacts with carboxylic acid to generate alpha-halogenated carboxylic acid or beta-halogenated carboxylic acid or alpha, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid.
In a preferred embodiment, the second voltage is 50-80V, and the band containing the quantum dots is cut by a knife after electrophoresis is finished, so that pure quantum dots can be obtained. Preferably, the electrophoresis is performed at the second voltage for 10 to 100 minutes,
the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The method for purifying the quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) providing 1.5g of CdZnS quantum dots treated with n-butyric acid;
(2) 5g of Br are taken2Adding 0.01g of phosphorus tribromide into 6.5g of polyacrylamide gel, performing ultrasonic mixing, and solidifying to obtain a gel plate;
(3) mixing the n-butyric acid treated CdZnS quantum dots with glycerol in a mass ratio of 5:1, adding 10mL of MOPS buffer solution with pH =5.0, stirring uniformly, and adding into a loading hole of the gel plate by using an injector;
(4) firstly, applying 8V voltage and heating to 45 ℃ by using a heating plate, so that residual n-butyric acid in the quantum dots reacts with halogen molecules for 90 minutes;
(5) increasing the electrophoresis voltage to 50V, and cutting the strip containing the quantum dots by a knife under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp after electrophoresis for 40 minutes;
(6) the cut bands were redissolved and it was confirmed by a liquid phase mass spectrometer that the quantum dot solution did not contain free n-butyric acid.
Example 2
The method for purifying the quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) providing 4.8g of organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots treated with phenylacetic acid;
(2) 2.3g of Cl were taken2Adding 0.005g of phosphorus trichloride into 8.0g of agarose gel, carrying out ultrasonic mixing, and solidifying to obtain a gel plate;
(3) mixing phenylacetic acid-treated organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots with polyethylene glycol according to a mass ratio of 50:1, adding 20mL of HEPS buffer solution with pH =2.0, stirring uniformly, and adding into a sample loading hole of the gel plate by using an injector;
(4) firstly, applying 35V voltage and heating to 60 ℃ by using a heating plate, so that residual phenylacetic acid in the quantum dots reacts with halogen molecules for 35 minutes;
(5) increasing the electrophoresis voltage to 80V, and cutting the strip containing the quantum dots by a knife under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp after electrophoresis for 90 minutes;
(6) and re-dissolving the cut bands, and confirming that the quantum dots do not contain phenylacetic acid by using a liquid phase-mass spectrometer.
Example 3
The method for purifying the quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) providing 6.5g of copper-sulfur-indium quantum dots treated by citric acid;
(2) taking 4.2g of I2Adding 0.02g of phosphorus simple substance into 10.0g of agarose gel for ultrasonic mixing, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate;
(3) mixing the copper-sulfur-indium quantum dots treated by the citric acid with 1, 4-butanediol according to the mass ratio of 30:1, adding 15mL of Tris-HCl buffer solution with the pH =3.0, stirring uniformly, and adding the mixture into a sample loading hole of the gel plate by using a syringe;
(4) firstly, applying 25V voltage and heating to 50 ℃ by using a heating plate, so that the residual citric acid in the quantum dots and halogen molecules react for 55 minutes;
(5) increasing the electrophoresis voltage to 70V, and cutting the strip containing the quantum dots by a knife under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp after electrophoresis for 60 minutes;
(6) and re-dissolving the cut bands, and confirming that the quantum dots do not contain citric acid by using a liquid phase-mass spectrometer.
Example 4
The method for purifying the quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) providing 9.5 g of graphene quantum dots treated by butenoic acid;
(2) 7.5g of Cl were taken2Adding 0.025g of phosphorus simple substance into 5.5g of polyacrylamide gel for ultrasonic mixing, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate;
(3) mixing the graphene quantum dots treated by the crotonic acid with diethylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 8:1, adding 35mL of phosphate buffer solution with pH =4.0, stirring uniformly, and adding into the sample loading hole of the gel plate by using an injector;
(4) firstly, applying 25V voltage and heating to 45 ℃ by using a heating plate, so that the residual butenoic acid in the quantum dots reacts with halogen molecules for 55 minutes;
(5) increasing the electrophoresis voltage to 80V, and cutting the strip containing the quantum dots by a knife under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp after electrophoresis for 20 minutes;
(6) and re-dissolving the cut bands, and confirming that the quantum dots do not contain butenoic acid by using a liquid phase-mass spectrometer.
In summary, according to the quantum dot purification method provided by the invention, the halogen molecules are doped into the gel, and the halogen molecules can specifically react with the free organic carboxylic acid in the quantum dot solution in a Hell-Urha-Zerlington-Si-based reaction to generate the mono-or poly-halogenated carboxylic acid, so that the electronegativity of the free organic carboxylic acid is enhanced, the regular migration is generated under the action of an electric field, and the residual organic carboxylic acid is separated based on the principle. The method for removing the organic carboxylic acid in the quantum dot solution is easy to operate, simple and quick, and can remove the organic carboxylic acid in the quantum dot solution.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for purifying quantum dots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a quantum dot solution, wherein the quantum dot solution comprises quantum dots, free organic carboxylic acid and organic alcohol;
providing a gel sheet comprising a gel and halogen molecules and a catalyst doped in the gel;
applying the quantum dot solution to the gel plate, providing a power supply, providing a first voltage to the gel plate, and enabling the free organic carboxylic acid and the halogen molecule to perform a gracile-urha-zerlington-based reaction to obtain a reaction product, wherein the reaction product comprises one or more of alpha-halogenated carboxylic acid, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid and alpha, beta-halogenated carboxylic acid;
providing a second voltage to the gel sheet to cause electrophoresis of the reaction product on the gel sheet toward an end of the gel sheet adjacent to the positive electrode of the power supply;
and separating one end of the gel plate close to the negative electrode of the power supply to obtain the purified quantum dots.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gel plate is provided with a loading hole at an end of the gel plate near the negative electrode of the power supply, and the quantum dot solution is applied to the loading hole of the gel plate.
3. The method for purifying quantum dots according to claim 1, wherein the gel plate is prepared by the following method: dispersing halogen molecules into the gel, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate.
4. The method for purifying the quantum dots according to claim 3, wherein the gel is selected from one or more of polyacrylamide gel, agarose gel, sucrose gel and glucose gel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein a first voltage is applied to the gel plate to perform a gracile-urha-zerlington reaction between the free organic carboxylic acid and the halogen molecule at a temperature of 40-60 ℃, and the first voltage is 5-50V.
6. The method for purifying quantum dots according to claim 1, wherein the second voltage is 50-80V.
7. The method for purifying quantum dots according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the quantum dot solution is 0.1-0.45 g/ml.
8. The method for purifying quantum dots according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the halogen molecules to the gel in the gel plate is 2:5 to 1: 1.
9. The method for purifying a quantum dot according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the quantum dot to the organic alcohol in the quantum dot solution is 5:1 to 50: 1.
10. The method for purifying a quantum dot according to claim 1, wherein the organic alcohol is one or more selected from the group consisting of glycerol, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and trimethylolpropane.
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| CN102409384A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-04-11 | 无锡中科光远生物材料有限公司 | Method for purifying colloid nanoparticles by using electrophoretic deposition |
| CN106823814A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-06-13 | 纳晶科技股份有限公司 | The purification devices of nanocrystal solution, purification process and purification system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102409384A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-04-11 | 无锡中科光远生物材料有限公司 | Method for purifying colloid nanoparticles by using electrophoretic deposition |
| CN106823814A (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2017-06-13 | 纳晶科技股份有限公司 | The purification devices of nanocrystal solution, purification process and purification system |
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| Title |
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| Continuous flow purification of nanocrystal quantum dots;Duckjong Kim et al.;《Nanoscale》;20140929;第6卷;14467-14472 * |
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