CN106823814A - The purification devices of nanocrystal solution, purification process and purification system - Google Patents
The purification devices of nanocrystal solution, purification process and purification system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106823814A CN106823814A CN201710072258.6A CN201710072258A CN106823814A CN 106823814 A CN106823814 A CN 106823814A CN 201710072258 A CN201710072258 A CN 201710072258A CN 106823814 A CN106823814 A CN 106823814A
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- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 170
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 132
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011068 load Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon tetrachloride Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octane Chemical group CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-propanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylene dichloride Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 salt ion Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVLAWKAXOMEXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane Chemical class ClCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl QVLAWKAXOMEXPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Chemical class CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical class CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cadmium selenide Chemical compound [Cd]=[Se] AQCDIIAORKRFCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetoacetate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C)=O XYIBRDXRRQCHLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-dimethylformamide Substances CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003963 dichloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N furane Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012155 injection solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/427—Electro-osmosis
Abstract
This application provides a kind of purification devices of nanocrystal solution, purification process and purification system.The purification devices include solution tank, at least one filter and electrode, wherein, the inner wall insulation of solution tank, for holding mutual solvents, mutual solvents are dissolved each other with nanocrystal solution, and preferably mutual solvents are identical with the solvent in nanocrystal solution；At least a portion of each filter is placed in solution tank, and for holding nanocrystal solution, at least part of surface of the filter being placed in solution tank is nano level filter membrane；Electrode includes the positive electrode and negative electrode of mutually isolated setting, the first end of positive electrode is separately positioned in solution tank with the first end of negative electrode, and at least part of filter with filter membrane is arranged between positive electrode and negative electrode, second end of positive electrode is used to connect the positive pole of power supply, and the second end of negative electrode is used to connect the negative pole of power supply.Nanocrystal solution is by after the purification devices, having obtained preferable purification effect.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to field of nanometer material technology, in particular to a kind of purification devices, the purifying side of nanocrystal solution
Method and purification system.
Background technology
A problem of generally existing is to close in the solution of nanocrystal (nanocrystalline) material based on wet chemistry method synthesis
Into when used excess salts substances can be remained in the form of ion in final solution.
The salts substances of this kind of residual can influence distribution of charges and avtive spot, the final performance of nanocrystal surface, than
Such as：The salts substances of residual can influence the photocatalytic degradation organic matter of nanocrystal or the ability of photocatalytic water, and nanocrystal is used
In luminescent material, the luminous efficiency and spatial distribution of luminescent material can be also influenceed.And the performance quality of nanocrystal can influence
Using and device performance, such as nanocrystal electroluminescent device (Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diode,
Abbreviation QLED) electroluminescent properties, the opto-electronic conversion performance of solar cell and lithium ion battery specific capacity or life-span
Deng.
In the prior art, typically can be using in the methods such as extraction, the precipitation method or UF membrane removal nanocrystal solution
Soluble salts substances.
For the precipitation method, its basic process is in adding in foreign ion solution to nanocrystal and contributing to solution
The material of nanocrystal precipitation.After nanocrystal precipitation, the upper solution containing impurity is removed, what is be precipitated is nanocrystalline
Body, should during foreign ion can adsorb in nanocrystal surface or also all occur together with nanocrystalline in the form of precipitating it is heavy
Form sediment.In this way cannot be clean by unnecessary salt ion removal, in addition, sedimentation frequency increase can cause nanocrystal surface
The destruction of functional ligand causes nanocrystalline reunion or its performance degradation.Same problem is there is also using the method for extraction.
For membrane separation process, it is mainly salt material is separated with the other compositions in solution using seperation film
Come, nanocrystal solution is on the one hand passed through by filter membrane by modes such as negative pressure or gravity, will be nanocrystalline by the effect of filter membrane
The side of filter membrane is stayed in, and solvent passes through filter membrane together with ion, this can cause the nanocrystalline reunion in filter membrane surface；Other one
Aspect the method there is also the relatively low shortcoming of purification efficiency.
The content of the invention
The main purpose of the application is to provide a kind of purification devices of nanocrystal solution, purification process to be with purifying
System, to solve the problems, such as reunion of the nanocrystal in separation membrane surface in existing membrane separation technique.
To achieve these goals, according to the one side of the application, there is provided a kind of purifying dress of nanocrystal solution
Put, the purification devices include：Solution tank, the inner wall insulation of above-mentioned solution tank, above-mentioned solution tank is used to hold mutual solvents, above-mentioned
Mutual solvents are dissolved each other with nanocrystal solution, and preferably above-mentioned mutual solvents are identical with the solvent in above-mentioned nanocrystal solution；Extremely
A few filter, at least a portion of each above-mentioned filter is placed in above-mentioned solution tank, and above-mentioned filter is used to hold
Nanocrystal solution is stated, at least part of surface of the above-mentioned filter being placed in above-mentioned solution tank is nano level filter membrane；
Electrode, including mutually isolated setting positive electrode and negative electrode, the first end of the first end of above-mentioned positive electrode and above-mentioned negative electrode
Be separately positioned in above-mentioned solution tank, and at least part of above-mentioned filter with above-mentioned filter membrane be arranged on above-mentioned positive electrode with
Between above-mentioned negative electrode, the second end of above-mentioned positive electrode is used to connect the positive pole of power supply, and the second end of above-mentioned negative electrode is used to connect
Connect the negative pole of power supply.
Further, the surface of above-mentioned filter includes at least two above-mentioned filter membranes being oppositely arranged, and relative two
Individual above-mentioned filter membrane is set respectively close to above-mentioned positive electrode and above-mentioned negative electrode, preferably above-mentioned filter be hexahedron filter or
Person's cylinder filter.
Further, the closure that above-mentioned filter has the entrance of nanocrystal solution and is adapted with above-mentioned entrance,
Above-mentioned closure is detachable.
Further, above-mentioned nanocrystal solution includes nanocrystal, and above-mentioned nanocrystal includes quantum dot, 1-dimention nano
Structure, two-dimensional nanostructure and 3-D nano, structure, the minimum of the aperture less than above-mentioned nanocrystal of the filter opening of above-mentioned filter membrane
Particle diameter, or above-mentioned nanocrystal is in the hole area of minimum projection's area more than the filter opening of above-mentioned filter membrane of above-mentioned filter membrane,
It is preferred that the aperture of the filter opening of above-mentioned filter membrane is between 1~20nm.
According to the another aspect of the application, there is provided a kind of purification process of nanocrystal solution, to be purified is nanocrystalline
Liquid solution includes nanocrystal and foreign ion, and the purification process includes：Electricity is applied to above-mentioned nanocrystal solution to be purified
So that above-mentioned foreign ion displacement and by after nano level filter membrane, obtaining nanocrystal solution after purification.
Further, the intensity of above-mentioned electric field is between 0.0001~1000V/cm.
Further, above-mentioned nanocrystal solution includes nanocrystal, and above-mentioned nanocrystal includes quantum dot, 1-dimention nano
Structure, two-dimensional nanostructure and 3-D nano, structure, the minimum of the aperture less than above-mentioned nanocrystal of the filter opening of above-mentioned filter membrane
Particle diameter, or above-mentioned nanocrystal is in the hole area of minimum projection's area more than the filter opening of above-mentioned filter membrane of above-mentioned filter membrane,
It is preferred that the aperture of the filter opening of above-mentioned filter membrane is between 1~20nm.
According to the another aspect of the application, there is provided a kind of purification system of nanocrystal solution, including at least one pure
Makeup is put, and above-mentioned purification devices are any one above-mentioned purification devices.
Further, nanocrystal solution to be purified includes nanocrystal and foreign ion, in above-mentioned purification devices
Solution tank includes first entrance and first outlet, and above-mentioned purification system also includes：First input pipe, with above-mentioned first entrance phase
Even, for being input into mutual solvents to above-mentioned solution tank, above-mentioned mutual solvents are dissolved each other with nanocrystal solution, preferably above-mentioned to dissolve each other molten
Agent is identical with the solvent species in above-mentioned nanocrystal solution；First efferent duct, is connected with above-mentioned first outlet, for will be above-mentioned
The output of the above-mentioned mutual solvents including above-mentioned foreign ion in solution tank.
Further, the filter in above-mentioned purification devices includes second entrance and second outlet, and above-mentioned purification system is also
Including：Second input pipe, is connected with above-mentioned second entrance, for being input into nanocrystal solution to be purified to above-mentioned filter；
Second efferent duct, is connected with above-mentioned second outlet, for the nanocrystal solution after purification in above-mentioned filter to be exported.
Using the technical scheme of the application, filter is placed in solution tank, and is formed to positive and negative electrode on-load voltage
Electric field ,-foreign ion is powered, can in the presence of electric field displacement, while nanocrystal is not charged or electric charge of institute's band exists
Produced electric field force is insufficient to allow nanocrystal to produce the movement of relatively large distance under electric field.So foreign ion may finally be
Filter membrane is directed through in the presence of electric field force, so that the purifying to nanocrystal is realized, also, due to the effect of electric field, it is miscellaneous
Matter ion will not reunite near filter membrane, and constantly can be moved to positive pole or negative pole, realize preferable purification effect.
Brief description of the drawings
The Figure of description for constituting the part of the application is used for providing further understanding of the present application, and the application's shows
Meaning property embodiment and its illustrated for explaining the application, does not constitute the improper restriction to the application.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of the purification devices provided according to a kind of typical implementation method of the application；With
And
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of the purification system provided according to a kind of typical implementation method of the application.
Wherein, above-mentioned accompanying drawing is marked including the following drawings：
1st, solution tank；2nd, filter；3rd, positive electrode；4th, negative electrode；5th, power supply；20th, filter membrane；01st, nanocrystal；02、
Foreign ion；11st, the first input pipe；12nd, the first efferent duct；21st, the second input pipe；22nd, the second efferent duct.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that described further below is all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
Indicate, all technologies used herein and scientific terminology are with usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
Be also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in this manual use term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, it indicates existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or combinations thereof.
As background technology is introduced, nanocrystal can be sent out in separation membrane surface in membrane separation technique of the prior art
It is raw to reunite, filter effect is influenceed, in order to solve technical problem as above, present applicant proposes a kind of purifying of nanocrystal solution
Device, purification process and purification system.
In a kind of typical implementation method of the application, there is provided a kind of purification devices of nanocrystal solution, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show, the purification devices include solution tank 1, at least one filter 2 and electrode.Wherein, the inner wall insulation of above-mentioned solution tank 1
To ensure that solution tank is non-conductive, above-mentioned solution tank 1 is used to hold mutual solvents, and above-mentioned mutual solvents are mutual with nanocrystal solution
Molten, preferably above-mentioned mutual solvents are identical with the solvent in above-mentioned nanocrystal solution；At least a portion of above-mentioned each filter 2 is put
Put in above-mentioned solution tank 1, filter 2 can be fixedly installed in above-mentioned solution tank 1, above-mentioned filter 2 is used to hold nanometer
Crystalloid solution, above-mentioned nanocrystal solution includes nanocrystal 01 and foreign ion 02, at least part of surface of above-mentioned filter 2
For the filter membrane of nanoscale (aperture is less than or equal to 100nm), and the filter membrane are arranged in solution tank, electricity is applied in electrode
During pressure, the foreign ion in nanocrystal solution can be moved and pass through the filter membrane, and nanocrystal is without point without being subject to
The effect of electric field, so that the filtering to the impurity in nanocrystal solution can not be achieved in that by the filter membrane；Electrode bag
Mutually isolated positive electrode 3 and negative electrode 4 are included, the first end of above-mentioned positive electrode 3 is respectively provided with the first end of above-mentioned negative electrode 4
In above-mentioned solution tank 1, and at least part of filter 2 with above-mentioned filter membrane is arranged on above-mentioned positive electrode 3 with above-mentioned negative electricity
Between pole 4, the second end of above-mentioned positive electrode 3 is used to connect the positive pole of power supply 5, and the second end of above-mentioned negative electrode 4 is used to connect electricity
The negative pole in source 5.
In above-mentioned purification devices, to positive and negative electrode electrode on-load voltage, electric field is formed therebetween, due to impurity from
Subband electricity, meeting displacement in the presence of electric field, and positive electrode or negative electrode (positively charged nearby are reached by filter membrane
Foreign ion reach near negative electrode, electronegative foreign ion is reached near positive electrode), at the same nanocrystal it is not charged or
The electric field force that the electric charge of institute's band is produced under the electric field is insufficient to allow nanocrystal to produce the movement of relatively large distance.So impurity from
Son may finally be directed through filter membrane in the presence of electric field force, so that the purifying to nanocrystal is realized, also, due to electricity
The effect of field, foreign ion will not reunite near filter membrane, and constantly can be moved to positive electrode or negative electrode, realize
Preferable purification effect.
It can also be multiple that above-mentioned filter can be one, when it is multiple, can be serially connected, and also may be used
To be parallel with one another, for the multiple filters connected in lautertuns, due to can be by pipeline phase between each filter
It is intercommunicated, the capacity of filter is expanded, it is generally available to process large volume of same nanocrystal solution, for parallel connection
Multiple filters, due to each other do not connect mutually, can be used to process same nanocrystal solution, it is also possible to for locating
Manage different types of nanocrystal solution, those skilled in the art can according to actual conditions select appropriate number of filter,
Suitable filter membrane, and use suitable connected mode.
The shape of the filter in the application is not fixed, and can is cuboid in hexahedron, can also is square
Deng, or S-shaped (including a S-shaped or multiple S-shaped) tubular structure, or other shapes, people in the art
Member can select the filter of suitable shape according to actual conditions.
The filter membrane in filter in the application can be a surface or multiple surfaces of filter, Ke Yishi
The part on each surface in one part on surface, or multiple surfaces.When in nanocrystal solution only have a kind of conductive-type
During the foreign ion of type, part surface can be set to filter membrane, and the Partial filtration film is arranged on an electrode (conductive-type
Type is opposite with the wire type of the foreign ion) the side away from solution groove sidewall；When nanocrystal solution include it is various not
During the foreign ion of same conduction type, multiple surface portion can be set to have one in filter membrane, and these filter membranes
Divide the side of the side wall away from solution tank for being arranged on positive pole, another part is arranged on the one of the side wall away from solution tank of negative pole
Side, in can thus causing plurality of impurity ions by filter membrane arrival solution tank, realizes the purifying of nanocrystal solution.This
Art personnel can in place set suitable filter membrane according to specific circumstances.
Mutual solvents in the solution tank of the application can be conductive solvent, or nonconducting solvent, and this is mutual
Solvent dissolves each other with dissolving nanocrystal solution, it is furthermore preferred that the solvent species phase in the mutual solvents and nanocrystal solvent
Together.
The solvent in mutual solvents and nanocrystal solution in solution tank can independently selected from acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile,
Benzene, n-butanol, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, hexamethylene, pentamethylene, dichloroethanes, dichloromethane, DMF, DMSO, the ring of dichloro six, second
Acetoacetic ester, ethanol, ether, normal heptane, n-hexane, methyl alcohol, isooctane, pentane, isopropanol, two propyl alcohol, tetrachloroethanes, tetrahydrochysene furan
Mutter, any one or more in toluene and trichloroethanes and water.But it is not limited to above-mentioned solvent, those skilled in the art can be with
Suitable solvent is selected according to actual conditions.
Nanocrystal solution in the application includes nanocrystal, foreign ion and solvent, wherein solvent be water, alcohol or its
His oil-based solvent.Wherein, the particle size range of nanocrystal is 2~500nm.
In the above-described embodiments, the surface of above-mentioned filter includes at least two above-mentioned filter membranes being oppositely arranged, and phase
To two above-mentioned filter membranes set respectively close to above-mentioned positive electrode and above-mentioned negative electrode.
In a kind of embodiment of the application, as shown in figure 1, above-mentioned filter 2 is hexahedron filter, above-mentioned filter 2
At least two relative sides be filter membrane 20, and above-mentioned positive electrode 3 is separately positioned on above-mentioned filter with above-mentioned negative electrode 4
2 relative both sides, and two relative above-mentioned filter membranes 20 set respectively close to above-mentioned positive electrode 3 and above-mentioned negative electrode 4, and
It is arranged between an above-mentioned filter membrane and a side wall of above-mentioned solution tank.So, just can be so that in nanocrystal solution
Cation and anion there is displacement, and reached near corresponding electrode by corresponding filter membrane, Jin Ergeng
The purifying to nanocrystal solution is realized well.
In another embodiment of the application, as shown in Fig. 2 above-mentioned filter is cylinder filter, above-mentioned filter 2
Side include at least two above-mentioned filter membranes 20 being oppositely arranged, and relative two above-mentioned filter membranes 20 respectively close to above-mentioned
Positive electrode 3 and above-mentioned negative electrode 4 are set.
In another embodiment of the application, above-mentioned filter 2 is that retractable filter, i.e. filter 2 have nanometer
Crystalloid solution entrance and the closure being adapted with above-mentioned entrance, above-mentioned closure are detachable.It is above-mentioned when it is the state closed
The all surfaces of filter 2 form a built-in cavity.That is, except the hole of filter membrane, the filter and solution tank it
Between in the absence of other connections holes or opening, so, when the solution in solution tank submerges filter, in preventing solution tank
Solvent enter in filter, and then preferably nanocrystal solution can be purified.
In preventing nanocrystal by the solvent in filter membrane arrival solution tank, in a kind of embodiment of the application,
Above-mentioned nanocrystal includes zero-dimension nano structure (quantum dot), one-dimensional nano structure (bar-shaped, wire), two-dimensional nanostructure (piece
Shape) and 3-D nano, structure (spherical, polyhedral), the minimum grain size of the aperture less than above-mentioned nanocrystal of above-mentioned filter membrane,
Or above-mentioned nanocrystal is in the hole area of minimum projection's area more than above-mentioned filter membrane of above-mentioned filter membrane, preferably above-mentioned filtering
The aperture of the filter opening of film is between 1~20nm.Those skilled in the art can select the filtering in suitable aperture according to actual conditions
Film, but it is preferably selected aperture of its aperture less than nanocrystal, it is ensured that the purity of nanocrystal in nanocrystal solution.
Specifically, each above-mentioned nanofiltration film can be reverse osmosis membrane, or milipore filter, the filter opening of reverse osmosis membrane
Aperture between 1~10nm, between 1~20nm, those skilled in the art can be according to reality in the aperture of the filter opening of milipore filter
Border situation selects suitable filter membrane.
In the typical implementation method of another kind of the application, there is provided a kind of purification process of nanocrystal solution, treat pure
The nanocrystal solution of change includes nanocrystal and foreign ion, and the purification process includes：Above-mentioned nanocrystal solution is applied
Electric field so that above-mentioned foreign ion displacement and (this is received to depart from above-mentioned nanocrystal solution by nano level filter membrane
Rice crystalloid solution is in solution tank), and then obtain nanocrystal solution after purification.
Above-mentioned purification process is by alive mode so that the foreign ion displacement in nanocrystal solution,
And by filter membrane, removing nanocrystal solution so that the foreign ion in nanocrystal solution is reduced and then nanocrystal is molten
Liquid is purified, also, due to the effect of electric field, foreign ion will not reunite near filter membrane, and can constantly to positive pole
Or negative pole movement, realize preferable purification effect.In order to better control over the displacement of foreign ion, the one of the application
Plant in embodiment, the intensity of above-mentioned electric field is between 0.0001~1000V/cm.
Above-mentioned filter membrane is nanofiltration film, and above-mentioned nanocrystal solution includes nanocrystal, and the nanocrystal refers to be received
Crystalline material of the meter ruler cun above and/or in micro-nano size, or the nano particle with crystal structure, such as some are in certain dimension tool
There is the crystalline material of hundreds of nanometers of size, preferably above-mentioned nanocrystal includes zero-dimension nano structure (quantum dot), 1-dimention nano
Structure (bar-shaped, wire), two-dimensional nanostructure (sheet) and 3-D nano, structure (spherical, polyhedral), above-mentioned filter membrane
The aperture of filter opening is less than the minimum grain size of above-mentioned nanocrystal, or above-mentioned nanocrystal is in the minimum projection face of above-mentioned filter membrane
Product more than the hole area of the filter opening of above-mentioned filter membrane, between 1~20nm so may be used by the aperture of the filter opening of preferably above-mentioned filter membrane
Further prevent nanocrystal from departing from the nanocrystal solution in filter by filter membrane, it is ensured that in nanocrystal solution
Nanocrystal content is more.Those skilled in the art can select the filter membrane in suitable aperture according to actual conditions, but best
Its aperture is selected less than the aperture of nanocrystal, it is ensured that the purity of nanocrystal in nanocrystal solution.
In an optional embodiment, above-mentioned purification process can also include, to being carried out for applying the electrode of electric field
Cleaning, can be cleaned, with the foreign ion of clearing electrode adsorption with the solvent for being capable of dissolved impurity ion to electrode
Deng material, electrode is normally treated purified crystals solution and apply electric field.
In another typical implementation method in the application, there is provided a kind of purification system of nanocrystal solution, such as
Shown in Fig. 2, the purification system includes at least one purification devices, and above-mentioned purification devices are pure in any one above-mentioned embodiment
Makeup is put.
The purification system includes above-mentioned purification devices, and the purification devices can be by the foreign ion in nanocrystal solution
Removal so that the foreign ion in nanocrystal solution is reduced and then purified, also, due to the effect of electric field, foreign ion is not
Can reunite near filter membrane, and constantly can be moved to positive electrode or negative electrode, realize preferable purification effect.
Purification system in the application can include a purification devices, it is also possible to including multiple purification devices, when including
During multiple purification devices, can be connected by the way of parallel connection, it would however also be possible to employ the mode of series connection is connected, those skilled in the art
Appropriate number of purification devices can be set and using suitable connected mode according to actual conditions.
In order to realize that filter can rapidly inject the nanocrystal solution to be filtered, and enable that solution tank is quick
Ground injection solvent, in a kind of embodiment of the application, the filter 2 in above-mentioned purification devices goes out including second entrance and second
Mouthful, the second input pipe 21 and the second efferent duct 22 are also included in above-mentioned purification system, wherein, the second input pipe 21 and second entrance
Be connected, for above-mentioned filter be input into nanocrystal solution；Second efferent duct 22 is connected with above-mentioned second outlet, for inciting somebody to action
The output of nanocrystal solution after purification in above-mentioned filter.
In another embodiment of the application, nanocrystal solution to be purified includes nanocrystal and foreign ion, on
Stating solution tank 1 in purification devices includes first entrance and first outlet, above-mentioned purification system also include the first input pipe 11 with
First efferent duct 12, wherein, the first input pipe 11 is connected with above-mentioned first entrance, for dissolving each other molten to the input of above-mentioned solution tank
Agent, above-mentioned mutual solvents are dissolved each other with nanocrystal solution, the solvent in preferably above-mentioned mutual solvents and above-mentioned nanocrystal solution
Species is identical；First efferent duct 12 is connected with above-mentioned first outlet, for by above-mentioned solution tank including above-mentioned foreign ion
Above-mentioned mutual solvents output.
As shown in Fig. 2 the purification system includes a purification devices, the second input pipe 21 is by the nanocrystalline for the treatment of to be purified
Liquid solution is input in filter 2, and then nanocrystal solution flows through the filter membrane 20 of filter, in positive electrode 3 and negative electrode 4
Under the electric field action of generation, the powered foreign ion 02 in nanocrystal solution is acted on by electric field force, to the He of positive electrode 3
The direction movement of negative electrode 4, by the solvent that the filter membrane 20 of filter is entered into solution tank, and nanocrystal 01 is in electricity
Neutrality, is not acted on by electric field, so nanocrystal after electric field by being purified, nanocrystal solution after purification is passed through
The output of second efferent duct 22 is arrived outside filter 2, may collect in containers for future use.The purification devices of the purification system also include
First input pipe 11 and the first efferent duct 12, its inlet and outlet respectively with solution tank 1 are connected, and mutual solvents can be by
One input pipe 11 is injected into solution tank, then carries above-mentioned foreign ion, and solution tank 1 is flowed out through the first efferent duct 12.
By above-described embodiment, pending receiving can be in real time changed by setting the first input pipe and the first efferent duct
Rice crystalloid solution, is conducive to the batch processing of nanocrystal solution, increased the treatment effeciency of purification system, and by setting
First input pipe and the first efferent duct, can by purified treatment after the solvent containing foreign ion discharged from solution tank,
And the solution for more renewing in real time, the removal speed of foreign ion is improve, foreign ion is effectively prevented to the solvent in solution tank
And the pollution of electrode.
Specifically, in actual purification system, switch valve can be set on the first input pipe and the second input pipe, leads to
The opening of controlling switch valve is crossed with closing to realize to being injected in filter or solution tank or be not injected into corresponding liquid.
Likewise it is possible to switch valve is set on the first efferent duct and the second efferent duct, by the opening of controlling switch valve
Realize exporting the liquid in filter or in solution tank with closing.
In order that obtaining those skilled in the art can clearly understand the technical scheme of the application, below with reference to tool
The embodiment of body and comparative example explanation.
Embodiment 1
The concrete structure of purification devices is as shown in figure 1, wherein, the solvent held in solution tank is normal octane, nanocrystal
Solution include CdSe/ZnS nano-crystal with core-shell structure body, normal octane solvent and foreign ion, foreign ion include Cd ions with
Zn ions, the particle diameter of nanocrystal is 15nm.Filter membrane is reverse osmosis membrane, and the aperture of its filter opening is 10nm.
To the both positive and negative polarity on-load voltage of the purification devices so that the intensity of electric field is 1000V/cm.In nanocrystal solution
Foreign ion moved about to positive electrode or negative electrode.
Embodiment 2
Difference with embodiment 1 is that electric-field intensity is 0.0001V/cm, and filter membrane is milipore filter, the aperture of its filter opening
It is 1nm.
Embodiment 3
Difference with embodiment 1 is that electric-field intensity is 50V/m, and filter membrane is the film of 20nm for the aperture of filter opening.
Embodiment 4
Difference with embodiment 1 is that electric-field intensity is 5V.
Comparative example
Difference with embodiment 1 is not include positive pole and negative pole in purification devices.
The measurement of electrical conductivity is carried out to the nanocrystal solution in the filter of above-mentioned each embodiment and comparative example, specifically
Test result be shown in Table 1.
Table 1
From the test result of above-mentioned table 1, compared with comparative example, the nanocrystal after purification of embodiments herein is molten
Liquid electrical conductivity is smaller, and this shows that the foreign ion in nanocrystal solution after purification is less, and each embodiment is realized
Preferable purification effect；Compared with Example 1, the electric-field intensity of embodiment 4 is smaller, and then causes that nanocrystal after purification is molten
Foreign ion in liquid is relatively more, and then its electrical conductivity is relatively large.
As can be seen from the above description, the application the above embodiments realize following technique effect：
1), the purification devices in the application, when to positive and negative electrode electrode on-load voltage, form therebetween electric field, impurity
Ion due to powered, in the presence of electric field, displacement, and being reached near positive electrode or negative electrode by filter membrane
(cation is reached near negative pole, and anion is reached near positive pole), while nanocrystal is not charged or electric charge of institute's band is in electric field
Lower produced electric field force is insufficient to allow nanocrystal to produce the movement of relatively large distance.So foreign ion may finally be in electric field
Filter membrane is directed through in the presence of power, so as to realize the purifying to nanocrystal, also, due to the effect of electric field, impurity from
Son will not reunite near filter membrane, and constantly can be moved to positive pole or negative pole, realize preferable purification effect.
2), the purification process in the application is by alive mode so that the foreign ion in nanocrystal solution is determined
To movement, and by filter membrane, the nanocrystal solution in removing filter so that the foreign ion in nanocrystal solution subtracts
Less and then purify, also, due to the effect of electric field, foreign ion will not reunite near filter membrane, and can constantly to positive pole
Or negative pole movement, realize preferable purification effect.
3), the purification system in the application includes above-mentioned purification devices, and the purification devices can be by nanocrystal solution
In foreign ion removal so that foreign ion in nanocrystal solution is reduced and then purified, also, due to the work of electric field
With foreign ion will not reunite near filter membrane, and constantly can be moved to positive pole or negative pole, realize preferably purifying
Effect.
The preferred embodiment of the application is the foregoing is only, the application is not limited to, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the application can have various modifications and variations.It is all within spirit herein and principle, made any repair
Change, equivalent, improvement etc., should be included within the protection domain of the application.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of purification devices of nanocrystal solution, it is characterised in that the purification devices include：
Solution tank (1), the inner wall insulation of the solution tank (1), the solution tank (1) is described to dissolve each other for holding mutual solvents
Solvent dissolves each other with nanocrystal solution, and preferably described mutual solvents are identical with the solvent in the nanocrystal solution；
At least one filter (2), at least a portion of each filter (2) is placed in the solution tank (1), the mistake
Filter (2) for holding the nanocrystal solution, at least portion of the filter (2) being placed in the solution tank (1)
Surface is divided to be nano level filter membrane (20)；
Electrode, including mutually isolated setting positive electrode (3) and negative electrode (4), the first end of the positive electrode (3) is negative with described
The first end of electrode (4) is separately positioned in the solution tank (1), and with least part of described mistake of the filter membrane (20)
Filter (2) is arranged between the positive electrode (3) and the negative electrode (4), and the second end of the positive electrode (3) is used to connect electricity
The positive pole in source, the second end of the negative electrode (4) is used to connect the negative pole of power supply.
2. purification devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the surface of the filter (2) includes at least two
The filter membrane (20) being oppositely arranged, and relative two filter membranes (20) are respectively close to the positive electrode (3) and institute
Negative electrode (4) setting is stated, preferably described filter (2) is hexahedron filter or cylinder filter.
3. purification devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the filter (2) is with nanocrystal solution
Entrance and the closure being adapted with the entrance, the closure are detachable.
4. purification devices according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the nanocrystal solution includes nanocrystal
(01), the nanocrystal (01) includes quantum dot, one-dimensional nano structure, two-dimensional nanostructure and 3-D nano, structure, described
The aperture of the filter opening of filter membrane (20) is less than the minimum grain size of the nanocrystal (01), or the nanocrystal (01) is in institute
State the hole area of minimum projection's area more than the filter opening of the filter membrane (20) of filter membrane (20), preferably described filter membrane (20)
Filter opening aperture between 1~20nm.
5. a kind of purification process of nanocrystal solution, nanocrystal solution to be purified includes nanocrystal and foreign ion,
Characterized in that, the purification process includes：
Electric field is applied to the nanocrystal solution to be purified so that the foreign ion displacement simultaneously passes through nano level
After filter membrane, nanocrystal solution after purification is obtained.
6. purification process according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the intensity of the electric field is in 0.0001~1000V/cm
Between.
7. purification process according to claim 6, it is characterised in that the nanocrystal solution includes nanocrystal, institute
Stating nanocrystal includes quantum dot, one-dimensional nano structure, two-dimensional nanostructure and 3-D nano, structure, the filter opening of the filter membrane
Minimum grain size of the aperture less than the nanocrystal, or the nanocrystal is big in minimum projection's area of the filter membrane
In the hole area of the filter opening of the filter membrane, the aperture of the filter opening of preferably described filter membrane is between 1~20nm.
8. a kind of purification system of nanocrystal solution, including at least one purification devices, it is characterised in that the purification devices
Purification devices any one of Claims 1-4.
9. purification system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that nanocrystal solution to be purified includes nanocrystal
With foreign ion, the solution tank (1) in the purification devices includes first entrance and first outlet, and the purification system is also wrapped
Include：
First input pipe (11), is connected with the first entrance, described mutual for being input into mutual solvents to the solution tank (1)
Solvent dissolves each other with nanocrystal solution, and preferably described mutual solvents are identical with the solvent species in the nanocrystal solution；
And
First efferent duct (12), is connected with the first outlet, for by the solution tank (1) including the foreign ion
The mutual solvents output.
10. purification system according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the filter (2) in the purification devices includes
Two entrances and second outlet, the purification system also include：
Second input pipe (21), is connected with the second entrance, for being input into nanocrystal to be purified to the filter (2)
Solution；And
Second efferent duct (22), is connected with the second outlet, for by the nanocrystal after purification in the filter (2)
Solution is exported.
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| CN110760303A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2020-02-07 | Tcl集团股份有限公司 | Quantum dot purification method |
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