CN110760306B - Quantum dot purification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a purification method of quantum dots, which comprises the following steps: providing a quantum dot solution, wherein the quantum dot solution comprises quantum dots, free organic amine and organic alcohol; providing a gel sheet comprising a gel and a grignard reagent doped in the gel; applying the quantum dot solution to the gel plate, providing a power supply, providing a first voltage to the gel plate, and carrying out a Grignard reaction on the free organic amine and the Grignard reagent; after the Grignard reaction is finished, providing a second voltage for the gel plate to enable the Grignard reaction product to be subjected to electrophoresis on the gel plate towards one end close to the negative electrode of the power supply; and separating to obtain the purified quantum dot organic alcohol at one end of the gel plate close to the positive electrode of the power supply. The method for removing the organic amine residual in the quantum dots by using the electrophoresis separation method is easy to operate, simple and quick, and can remove the organic amine residual in the quantum dots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum dots, in particular to a purification method of quantum dots.
Background
With the recent years that quantum dots and their related materials have been used for their excellent optical properties: such as narrow fluorescence emission half-peak width, high fluorescence quantum yield, easy modification of various functional groups on the surface, and the like; and also has incomparable characteristics in biochemical performance: such as good biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, the superior properties enable the quantum dots to have wide application prospects in the fields of biochemistry, optical analysis and detection and the like.
It is well known that in photovoltaic lighting and display devices, and even in solar devices, the purity requirements for photovoltaic materials are very high. The introduction of trace and trace impurities can not only affect the optical and electrical properties of the photoelectric material, but also irreversibly affect the service life and structure of the photoelectric device, thereby greatly reducing the industrial application performance of the corresponding photoelectric material.
The quantum dots of semiconductor materials currently used in the field of optoelectronics are mostly prepared by synthesis in an organic phase. The luminous intensity of the quantum dots synthesized by the method is often unsatisfactory. The ideal luminous performance can be achieved by introducing organic amine substances to carry out surface modification on the quantum dots in the synthetic process by adopting an organic ligand exchange method. However, the quantum dots still have a small amount of organic amine substance residues in the solution after the surface ligand exchange or modification is completed, which affects the performance of the device. Organic amine often cannot be effectively separated by methods such as centrifugation or extraction.
Accordingly, the prior art remains to be improved and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for purifying quantum dots, and aims to solve the problem that the prior method cannot realize effective separation of quantum dot products and system impurities.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a purification method of quantum dots, comprising the steps of:
providing a quantum dot solution, wherein the quantum dot solution comprises quantum dots, free organic amine and organic alcohol;
providing a gel sheet comprising a gel and a grignard reagent doped in the gel;
applying the quantum dot solution to the gel plate, providing a power supply, providing a first voltage to the gel plate, and carrying out a Grignard reaction on the free organic amine and the Grignard reagent to obtain a Grignard reaction product;
after the Grignard reaction is finished, providing a second voltage for the gel plate to enable the Grignard reaction product to be subjected to electrophoresis on the gel plate towards one end close to the negative electrode of the power supply;
and separating to obtain the purified quantum dot organic alcohol at one end of the gel plate close to the positive electrode of the power supply.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the Grignard reagent is doped in the gel, and the Grignard reagent can specifically react with free organic amine in the quantum dot (namely, residual organic amine in the quantum dot product solution) to generate a compound containing metal magnesium, so that the metal magnesium with positive charge can regularly migrate under the action of an electric field, and the residual organic amine is separated based on the principle. The method for removing the organic amine residual in the quantum dots by using the electrophoresis separation method is easy to operate, simple and quick, and can remove the organic amine residual in the quantum dots.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for purifying quantum dots according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for purifying quantum dots, which is further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and clearer. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The quantum dot purification method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
providing a quantum dot solution, wherein the quantum dot solution comprises quantum dots, free organic amine and organic alcohol;
providing a gel sheet comprising a gel matrix and a grignard reagent doped in the gel matrix;
applying the quantum dot solution to the gel plate, providing a power supply, providing a first voltage to the gel plate, and carrying out a Grignard reaction on the free organic amine and the Grignard reagent to obtain a Grignard reaction product;
providing a second voltage to the gel plate to cause the Grignard reaction product to undergo electrophoresis on the gel plate toward one end close to the negative electrode of the power supply;
and separating to obtain the purified quantum dots at one end of the gel plate close to the positive electrode of the power supply.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the quantum dots are mixed with the organic alcohol for two purposes: firstly, the addition of the organic alcohol can enable the separation degree of free organic amine to be better, and the molecular structure of the organic alcohol enables the organic alcohol to have very small surface tension, so that the resistance of the organic amine to migrate in the gel is reduced; and secondly, the organic alcohol can form a simple coating with the organic amine on the surface of the quantum dot by utilizing the Van der Waals force between molecules, and the Grignard reagent can not directly react with the organic alcohol and can specifically react with the amino in the free organic amine. Generally, organic amines are electrically neutral and do not move under an electric field. However, in this embodiment, the grignard reagent is doped in the gel, and the grignard reagent can specifically react with the free organic amine in the quantum dot solution to generate a compound containing metal magnesium, and the metal magnesium with positive charge can regularly migrate under the action of an electric field, so that the residual organic amine is separated based on this principle. The method for removing the organic amine in the quantum dot solution utilizes an electrophoresis separation method to remove the residual organic amine in the quantum dot, is easy to operate, is simple and quick, and can remove the organic amine in the quantum dot solution.
In this embodiment, the quantum dot solution includes quantum dots, free organic amine, and organic alcohol. The quantum dot solution is a product solution obtained after a quantum dot synthesis reaction, and can also be a product solution obtained after surface ligand exchange is carried out on the quantum dots by adopting organic amine, in the reaction process, the organic amine can be used as a ligand and combined on the surfaces of the quantum dots through an amine group, the free organic amine is the organic amine remained in the product solution in the two reaction processes, and the amine group on the free organic amine can react with the Grignard reagent. The further quantum dot solution can also be a product solution obtained by performing conventional physical or chemical separation and purification on the product solution obtained in the two processes.
In a preferred embodiment, the quantum dots are selected from one or more of group II-VI quantum dots, group III-V quantum dots, group IV-VI quantum dots, all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots, organic-inorganic perovskite quantum dots, graphene quantum dots, carbon quantum dots, copper-sulfur-indium quantum dots, silicon quantum dots, and the like. By way of example, the group II-VI quantum dots are selected from one or more of CdSe, CdS, ZnSe, ZnS, CdTe, ZnTe, CdZnS, ZnSeS, CdSeS, CdSeSTe, and cdznsete; the III-V group quantum dots are selected from one or more of InP, InAs, InAsP and the like; the IV-VI group quantum dots are selected from one or more of PbS, PbSe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the structure of the quantum dot may be selected from one or more of a homogeneous binary component mononuclear structure, a homogeneous multi-component alloy component mononuclear structure, a multi-component alloy component gradient mononuclear structure, a binary component discrete core-shell structure, a multi-component alloy component gradient core-shell structure, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the organic amine is selected from one or more of aliphatic amine, alcohol amine, amide, alicyclic amine, aromatic amine, and naphthalene amine.
In a preferred embodiment, the organic alcohol is selected from one or more of glycerol, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the quantum dot solution is 0.45-0.65 g/ml.
In a preferred embodiment, in the quantum dot solution, the mass ratio of the quantum dots to the organic alcohol is 10:1 to 30: 1.
In a preferred embodiment, the gel plate has a mass ratio of the grignard reagent to the gel of 1:2 to 1: 7.
In a preferred embodiment, the gel is selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamide gel and/or agarose gel, but is not limited thereto. The carrier has low chemical activity and stable property, does not participate in chemical reaction basically, and is only used as a separated carrier. The gel has a loose network structure inside, substance molecules can be subjected to different resistances when passing through, macromolecular substances such as quantum dots and the like are subjected to large resistance when moving and cannot migrate, and free micromolecular substances are small in resistance and can migrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the gel sheet is prepared by the following method: and dispersing the solution containing the Grignard reagent into the gel, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate.
In a more preferred embodiment, the gel sheet is prepared by the following method: and (3) mixing the halogenated hydrocarbon, the magnesium chips and the catalyst in a solvent until the magnesium chips are completely dissolved, dispersing the mixture into the gel, uniformly mixing, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate. Reacting the halogenated hydrocarbon with magnesium chips under the action of a catalyst to obtain a Grignard reagent, wherein the general formula of the Grignard reagent is RMgX, R is aliphatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic hydrocarbon group, and X is halogen (Cl, Br or I). The process of preparing the grignard reagent must be carried out under absolutely anhydrous conditions while being controlled to be carried out below 40 ℃, because the grignard reagent is easily deliquesced above 40 ℃ and in an environment with water. Preferably, the grignard reagent is uniformly mixed with the gel by stirring. Preferably, the halogenated hydrocarbon is selected from one or more of chlorinated alkane, brominated alkane, vinyl halide and the like; the catalyst is selected from one or more of iodine, methyl iodide, 1, 2-dibromoethane and the like; the solvent is one or more selected from diethyl ether, n-hexane, cyclohexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, etc. Preferably, the mass ratio of the halogenated hydrocarbon to the magnesium chips to the catalyst is (0.5-1.5): (0.1-0.5): (0.1-0.5).
In a preferred embodiment, the gel plate is provided with a loading well, the loading well is provided at one end of the gel plate near the positive electrode of the power supply, and the quantum dot solution is applied to the loading well of the gel plate. By adopting the embodiment, all the purified quantum dots are accommodated in the sample hole, and the recovery rate and purity of the product are improved.
In a preferred embodiment, said gel sheet is provided with a first voltage, said free organic amine and said grignard reagent are subjected to a grignard reaction at a temperature of 40-70 ℃, said first voltage is 5-50V. Under the voltage and the temperature, the organic amine free in the quantum dot solution and the Grignard reagent can effectively perform the Grignard reaction to obtain the compound containing the metal magnesium. Preferably, the time of the grignard reaction is 30 to 200 minutes, at which time the completion of the grignard reaction can be ensured.
In a preferred embodiment, the second voltage is 50-100V, and the band containing the quantum dots is cut by a knife after electrophoresis is finished, so that pure quantum dots can be obtained. Preferably, the electrophoresis is performed at the second voltage for 30 to 200 minutes.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The method for purifying the quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) providing 0.5 g of CdS quantum dots treated by tert-butylamine;
(2) mixing and dissolving 0.5 g of bromobenzene, 0.2 g of magnesium chips and 0.3 g of 1, 2-dibromoethane in 1 mL of normal hexane until the magnesium chips disappear, adding 0.5 g of polyacrylamide gel, stirring uniformly, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate;
(3) mixing the CdS quantum dots treated by the tert-butylamine with glycerol according to the mass ratio of 10:1, and adding the mixture into a sample loading hole of the gel plate by using an injector;
(4) firstly, applying 15V voltage and heating to 45 ℃ by using a heating plate to enable residual tert-butylamine in the quantum dots to react with the Grignard reagent for 30 minutes;
(5) increasing the electrophoresis voltage to 50V, and cutting the strip containing the quantum dots by a knife under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp after electrophoresis for 40 minutes;
(6) and re-dissolving the cut bands, and confirming that the quantum dots do not contain tert-butylamine by using a liquid phase-mass spectrometer.
Example 2
The method for purifying the quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) providing 0.8 g of CdZnS quantum dots treated with cyclohexylamine;
(2) mixing and dissolving 0.4 g of chlorobenzene, 0.15 g of magnesium chips and 0.2 g of 1, 2-dichloroethane in 1.5 mL of diethyl ether until the magnesium chips disappear, adding 1.0 g of polyacrylamide gel, uniformly stirring, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate;
(3) mixing the cyclohexylamine-treated CdZnS quantum dots with polyethylene glycol in a mass ratio of 20:1, and adding the mixture into a sample loading hole of the gel plate by using an injector;
(4) firstly, applying 45V voltage and heating to 60 ℃ by using a heating plate to react the residual cyclohexylamine in the quantum dots with the Grignard reagent for 180 minutes;
(5) increasing the electrophoresis voltage to 95V, and cutting the strip containing the quantum dots by a knife under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp after electrophoresis for 120 minutes;
(6) and re-dissolving the cut strip, and confirming that the quantum dots do not contain cyclohexylamine by using a liquid-phase mass spectrometer.
Example 3
The method for purifying the quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) providing 1.2 g of graphene quantum dots treated with aniline;
(2) mixing and dissolving 0.6 g of dichloroethylene, 0.25 g of magnesium chips and 0.4 g of 1, 2-dichloroethane in 2 mL of dichloromethane until the magnesium chips disappear, adding 1.5 g of agarose gel, stirring uniformly, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate;
(3) mixing the graphene quantum dots treated by the aniline with pentaerythritol in a mass ratio of 15:1, and adding the mixture into a sample loading hole of the gel plate by using an injector;
(4) firstly, applying 30V voltage and heating to 50 ℃ by using a heating plate, so that the residual aniline in the quantum dots reacts with the Grignard reagent for 60 minutes;
(5) increasing the electrophoresis voltage to 70V, and cutting the strip containing the quantum dots by a knife under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp after electrophoresis for 100 minutes;
(6) and re-dissolving the cut bands, and confirming that the quantum dots contain no aniline by using a liquid phase-mass spectrometer.
Example 4
The method for purifying the quantum dots comprises the following steps:
(1) providing 1.5 g of perovskite quantum dots treated with dimethylformamide;
(2) 1.3 g of 1-iodoethylene, 0.45 g of magnesium chips and 0.5 g of methyl iodide are mixed and dissolved in 2.5 mL of carbon tetrachloride until the magnesium chips disappear, 2.5 g of agarose gel is added and uniformly stirred, and the gel plate is obtained after solidification;
(3) mixing the perovskite quantum dots treated by the dimethyl formamide with 1, 2-propylene glycol according to the mass ratio of 25:1, and adding the mixture into a sample loading hole of the gel plate by using an injector;
(4) firstly, applying 30V voltage and heating to 50 ℃ by using a heating plate, so that the residual dimethylformamide in the quantum dots reacts with the Grignard reagent for 40 minutes;
(5) increasing the electrophoresis voltage to 75V, and cutting the strip containing the quantum dots by a knife under the irradiation of an ultraviolet lamp after electrophoresis for 65 minutes;
(6) and re-dissolving the cut bands, and confirming that the quantum dots do not contain dimethylformamide by using a liquid phase-mass spectrometer.
In summary, according to the quantum dot purification method provided by the invention, the grignard reagent is doped in the gel, and the grignard reagent can specifically react with free organic amine in the quantum dot solution to generate a compound containing metal magnesium, and the metal magnesium with positive charge can regularly migrate under the action of an electric field, so that the residual organic amine is separated based on the principle. The method for removing the organic amine in the quantum dot solution utilizes an electrophoresis separation method to remove the residual organic amine in the quantum dot, is easy to operate, is simple and quick, and can remove the organic amine in the quantum dot solution.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations may be effected thereto by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the foregoing description, and that all such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for purifying quantum dots is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a quantum dot solution, wherein the quantum dot solution comprises quantum dots, free organic amine and organic alcohol;
providing a gel sheet comprising a gel and a grignard reagent doped in the gel;
applying the quantum dot solution to the gel plate, providing a power supply, providing a first voltage to the gel plate, and carrying out a Grignard reaction on the free organic amine and the Grignard reagent to obtain a Grignard reaction product;
providing a second voltage to the gel plate to cause the Grignard reaction product to undergo electrophoresis on the gel plate toward one end close to the negative electrode of the power supply;
separating one end of the gel plate close to the positive electrode of the power supply to obtain purified quantum dots; the first voltage is 5-50V; the second voltage is 50-100V.
2. The purification method according to claim 1, wherein the gel plate is provided with a loading hole provided at an end of the gel plate near the positive electrode of the power supply, and the quantum dot solution is applied to the loading hole of the gel plate.
3. The purification method according to claim 1, wherein the gel sheet is prepared by: and dispersing the solution containing the Grignard reagent into the gel, and solidifying to obtain the gel plate.
4. The purification method according to claim 3, wherein the gel is selected from polyacrylamide gel and/or agarose gel.
5. The purification method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gel plate is applied with a first voltage to cause the free organic amine and the grignard reagent to perform the grignard reaction at a temperature of 40-70 ℃.
6. The purification method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the quantum dot solution is 0.45 to 0.65 g/ml.
7. The purification method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the grignard reagent to the gel in the gel sheet is 1:2 to 1: 7.
8. The purification method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the quantum dot to the organic alcohol in the quantum dot solution is 10:1 to 30: 1.
9. The purification method according to claim 1, wherein the organic alcohol is one or more selected from the group consisting of glycerol, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and trimethylolpropane.
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