CN110759408A - Sea water desalination method and device by liquid gravity distillation method - Google Patents
Sea water desalination method and device by liquid gravity distillation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110759408A CN110759408A CN201911174731.7A CN201911174731A CN110759408A CN 110759408 A CN110759408 A CN 110759408A CN 201911174731 A CN201911174731 A CN 201911174731A CN 110759408 A CN110759408 A CN 110759408A
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XZPVPNZTYPUODG-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Cl-] XZPVPNZTYPUODG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 solar heat collector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/007—Modular design
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for desalinating seawater by a liquid gravity distillation method, which are characterized in that: the system mainly comprises equipment such as a strong brine water collecting and supplementing tank, a solar heat collector, a water collector of a water heater, a hot seawater inlet vertical pipe, a hot seawater collecting tank, an evaporation chamber, a pressurizing fan, a condensation chamber, a condensed and desalted water discharging vertical pipe, a fresh water pool, a strong brine return pipe and the like, and auxiliary equipment such as an industrial waste heat heating coil, a freezing water pipe or heating coil, a cooling water feed pump, a fresh water drainage pump, a pressure reduction water pump, an evaporation chamber water filling pipe, a condensation chamber water filling pipe, a vacuum pumping device and the like. Because the liquid self-gravity negative pressure distillation technology has outstanding characteristics compared with other distillation technologies, the working pressure environment is kept by the negative pressure generated by the desalinated seawater and the self-generated fresh water, so that the evaporation and condensation temperature is reduced, and the full utilization of low-grade heat energy, waste heat and solar energy is facilitated; the system has less power consumption parts and relatively low operation cost; and the system equipment has simple structure and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seawater desalination, in particular to a method and a device for desalinating seawater by a liquid gravity distillation method.
Background
With the globalization of economy and the rapid increase of population, the demand of fresh water in countries around the world is increasing day by day, and the investment of scientific research on seawater desalination is also increased in many countries. At present, seawater and brackish water desalination becomes one of important approaches for solving the problem of fresh water. The commercially available methods for desalinating seawater mainly include distillation and reverse osmosis. The distillation method is mainly applied to the ultra-large seawater desalination treatment, the equipment volume is large, the device cost is high, the existing combined device needs electricity and heat energy at the same time, and the device is generally combined with a power plant, so that the popularization of the life of coastal residents and the application of medium and small coastal fishing boats are not facilitated. The current obstacles of the reverse osmosis method are that the service life of the membrane is short, the membrane replacement cost is high, the requirement on seawater pretreatment is high, the reverse osmosis membrane, the high-pressure pump and the energy recovery device need to be replaced regularly, and the operation is troublesome. Moreover, seawater desalination belongs to energy-intensive industries, and large-scale seawater desalination needs to consume huge amount of natural resources and energy, so the cost of seawater desalination is always high. Therefore, in order to solve the cost problem of seawater desalination, new desalination technologies and process equipment must be further researched in the future, and new material-saving and energy-saving methods are sought. Therefore, the invention provides a method for treating water by utilizing a negative pressure vacuum environment generated by the self gravity of liquid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for desalinating seawater by a liquid gravity distillation method; the device is characterized in that the negative pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure) of the evaporation and condensation work of the desalted liquid (seawater or brackish water) is formed by the self gravity of the liquid in the vertical direction. Even if the fan pressurizing equipment is applied to the system, the fan pressurizing equipment is not main equipment, but is used as auxiliary equipment for improving the operation efficiency and the operation condition. Compared with the traditional distillation method with more energy consumption and high cost, the negative pressure vacuum water treatment method has the advantages of fully utilizing low-grade heat, simplicity, practicability, low operation cost and the like, and can realize the refrigeration effect while obtaining fresh water by properly adjusting the operation working condition.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a seawater desalinating method and apparatus by liquid-gravity distillation method includes such steps as collecting strong salt solution and supplementing seawater, solar heat collector, water collector of water heater, vertical hot seawater tube, hot seawater tank, evaporating chamber, pressurizing blower, condensing chamber, vertical condensed and desalinated water tube, fresh water pool, water returning tube of strong salt solution, and auxiliary equipment including heating coil of industrial waste heat, freezing water tube or heating coil, cooling coil, water supplying pump of cooling water, water draining pump of fresh water, pressure-reducing water pump, water-filling tube of evaporating chamber, water-filling tube of condensing chamber and vacuumizing unit.
Preferably, the invention provides a method and a device for desalinating seawater by liquid gravity distillation, and provides a method for treating water by utilizing a negative pressure vacuum environment generated by the self gravity of liquid.
Preferably, the method and the device for desalinating seawater by using the liquid gravity distillation method provided by the invention apply fan pressurizing equipment in the system, but the fan pressurizing equipment is not main equipment, and is used as auxiliary equipment for improving the operation efficiency and improving the operation condition.
Preferably, in the method and the device for desalinating seawater by using the liquid gravity distillation method, a water treatment principle physical model is shown in figure 1, seawater enters an inverted 'U' pipe from an E side, the pressure is continuously reduced due to the self gravity along with the increase of the height, and when the pressure is reduced to the working pressure, the seawater is heated by a heater to be saturated and vaporized into steam. Meanwhile, on the F side, the steam is condensed into liquid state by a cooling heat exchanger C and flows out along the vertical pipe on the F side. Thereby realizing the liquid self-gravity negative pressure distilled water distillation treatment technology under the pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the working device mainly comprises three parts, namely a sealing pipeline, a heating heat exchanger and a cooling heat exchanger.
Preferably, the method and the device for desalinating seawater by using the liquid gravity distillation method provided by the invention need a heating medium with a higher temperature and a cooling medium with a lower temperature if the system is driven to operate only by relying on the temperature difference at the two sides of the system, so that the utilization of low-grade energy is not facilitated, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system is lower. Therefore, the system is improved according to the second law of thermodynamics, and the improved system is provided with a pressurizing fan between the two sides of E, F.
Preferably, the invention provides a method and a device for desalinating seawater by liquid gravity distillation, wherein main state parameters in a generating chamber in figure 2 are that the required heating quantity is Qe-2369.76 kJ/s; controlling the height of the water column to be 9.09 m; the main state parameter in the condensing chamber is that the heat dissipation of condensation is Qc which is 2437.92 kJ/s; the amount of cooling water is required to be Glq-116.56 kg/s; the height of the water column is controlled to be 9.97 m.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: because the liquid self-gravity negative pressure distillation technology has outstanding characteristics compared with other distillation technologies, the working pressure environment is kept by the negative pressure generated by the desalinated seawater and the self-generated fresh water, so that the evaporation and condensation temperature is reduced, and the full utilization of low-grade heat energy, waste heat and solar energy is facilitated; the system has less power consumption parts and relatively low operation cost; and the system equipment has simple structure and the like. The system can be used for seawater desalination, and can also be used in situations such as brackish water treatment, sewage and wastewater pretreatment and the like. Therefore, the liquid self-gravity negative pressure distillation seawater desalination technology has wide development prospect and important research value.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of operation
Reference numerals:
A. heating the medium; B. a booster fan; C. a cooling medium; D. a water supply pipeline E, a seawater collecting box; F. a fresh water collection box; G. a water outlet pipeline.
1. A strong brine water collecting and supplementing tank; 2. a solar heat collector; 3. a water collector of the water heater; 4. a hot seawater inlet stand pipe; 5. a hot seawater header tank; 6. a water inlet pipe of the evaporation chamber; 7. an evaporation chamber; 8. a booster fan; 9. a condensing chamber; 10. a water draining vertical pipe for condensed desalted water; 11. a fresh water pool; 12. a strong brine return pipe; 13. industrial waste heat heating coils; 14. a chilled water pipe; 15 cooling the tube coil; 16. a cooling water feed pump; 17. a fresh water draining pump; 18. a decompression water pump; 19. a concentrated salt solution pool; 20. a water filling pipe of the evaporation chamber; 21. a water filling pipe of the condensation chamber; 22. a vacuum pumping device; 23. a bottom valve; 24. heating the medium; 25. a desalted water outlet; 26. the waste heat heats up.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The seawater or brackish water is first pressurized by pump 16 and fed into condenser 15 of the condensing chamber, cooling the water vapor produced in the generating chamber which is pressurized and fed into the condensing chamber, while the seawater is heated. Then the seawater is sent into a concentrated brine water collecting and supplementing tank 1, under the combined action of atmospheric pressure, medium heating of seawater in a system, cooling of vapor in a condensation chamber 7 and a fan 8, the seawater enters a generation chamber from a hot seawater inlet vertical pipe 4, heating of water is evaporated in a heating medium, and the seawater is concentrated and returns to the concentrated brine water collecting and supplementing tank 1 from a concentrated brine return pipe 12. The vapor enters the condensation chamber under the pressure of the fan 8 and is cooled by the cooling coil to become liquid fresh water, and the fresh water enters the fresh water pool through the condensation desalination water drainage vertical pipe 10, so that the process flow of seawater desalination is realized.
The seawater temperature is 22 ℃, the heating medium temperature is 65 ℃, the heat transfer temperature difference of the dividing wall of the indoor heat exchanger is 5 ℃, the heat transfer temperature difference of the condensing chamber side is 5 ℃, and the fresh water production is 1 kg/s. The main parameters of the seawater desalination equipment are determined as follows, the saturation temperature of the generation chamber is assumed to be 55 ℃, the cooling water in the condensation chamber is seawater, and the condensation temperature of the condensation chamber is 27 ℃. The water in the generating chamber has thermophysical parameters (approximate pure water parameters) at saturation temperature, pressure Pe 0.0157MPa 1.24mH 2O; latent heat of vaporization re is 2369.76 kJ/kg; specific volume ve is 9.5682m 3/kg. The thermal physical property parameter of water in the condensation chamber at the saturation temperature is that the pressure Pc is 0.00357MPa and 0.359mH 2O; latent heat of vaporization rc is 2437.92 kJ/kg; specific volume vc is 38.7725m 3/kg. The main state parameter in the generation chamber is calculated, wherein the required heating quantity is Qe-2369.76 kJ/s; controlling the height of the water column to be 9.09 m; the main state parameter in the condensing chamber is that the heat dissipation of condensation is Qc which is 2437.92 kJ/s; the amount of cooling water is required to be Glq-116.56 kg/s; the height of the water column is controlled to be 9.97 m.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method and a device for desalinating seawater by a liquid gravity distillation method are characterized in that: the system mainly comprises equipment such as a strong brine water collecting and supplementing tank, a solar heat collector, a water collector of a water heater, a hot seawater inlet vertical pipe, a hot seawater collecting tank, an evaporation chamber, a pressurizing fan, a condensation chamber, a condensed and desalted water discharging vertical pipe, a fresh water pool, a strong brine return pipe and the like, and auxiliary equipment such as an industrial waste heat heating coil, a freezing water pipe or heating coil, a cooling water feed pump, a fresh water drainage pump, a pressure reduction water pump, an evaporation chamber water filling pipe, a condensation chamber water filling pipe, a vacuum pumping device and the like.
2. The method and the device for desalinating seawater by liquid gravity distillation according to claim 1, wherein: the method for treating water by utilizing negative pressure vacuum environment produced by self-gravity of liquid is characterized by that the evaporation and condensation working negative pressure (lower than atmospheric pressure) of desalinated liquid (seawater or brackish water) is formed from self-gravity of liquid in vertical direction.
3. The method and the device for desalinating seawater by liquid gravity distillation according to claim 1, wherein: the system is provided with a fan pressurizing device, but the fan pressurizing device is not a main device, but is used as an auxiliary device for improving the operation efficiency and the operation condition.
4. The method and the device for desalinating seawater by liquid gravity distillation according to claim 1, wherein: the physical model of water treatment principle is shown in figure 1, seawater enters an inverted 'U' pipe from the E side, the pressure is continuously reduced due to the self gravity along with the increase of the height, and when the pressure is reduced to the working pressure, the seawater is heated by a heater to reach the saturated state and be vaporized into steam. Meanwhile, on the F side, the steam is condensed into liquid state by a cooling heat exchanger C and flows out along the vertical pipe on the F side. Thereby realizing the liquid self-gravity negative pressure distilled water distillation treatment technology under the pressure lower than the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the working device mainly comprises three parts, namely a sealing pipeline, a heating heat exchanger and a cooling heat exchanger.
5. The method and the device for desalinating seawater by liquid gravity distillation according to claim 1, wherein: if the system is driven to operate only by the temperature difference between the two sides of the system, a heating medium with higher temperature and a cooling medium with lower temperature are needed, so that the utilization of low-grade energy is not facilitated, and the heat exchange efficiency of the system is lower. Therefore, the system is improved according to the second law of thermodynamics, and the improved system is provided with a pressurizing fan between the two sides of E, F.
6. The method and the device for desalinating seawater by liquid gravity distillation according to claim 1, wherein: the main state parameter in the generation chamber of fig. 2 is the amount of heat required Qe-2369.76 kJ/s; controlling the height of the water column to be 9.09 m; the main state parameter in the condensing chamber is that the heat dissipation of condensation is Qc which is 2437.92 kJ/s; the amount of cooling water is required to be Glq-116.56 kg/s; the height of the water column is controlled to be 9.97 m.
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| CN102134110A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-27 | 徐同德 | Low-pressure solar seawater desalination device using ejector |
| CH712868A2 (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-15 | Rudolf Wolfensberger Dr | Solar desalination and decontamination plant. |
| CN109867317A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-11 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of efficient cryogenic atomization injection desalination plant and its method |
| CN211595081U (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-09-29 | 安徽理工大学 | Sea water desalting device by liquid gravity distillation method |
-
2019
- 2019-11-26 CN CN201911174731.7A patent/CN110759408A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101177308A (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2008-05-14 | 上海理工大学 | Natural vacuum low temperature distillation sea water desalination method and device |
| CN201201907Y (en) * | 2008-04-01 | 2009-03-04 | 上海理工大学 | Natural vacuum low temperature distillation sea water desalting apparatus |
| CN102134110A (en) * | 2010-01-22 | 2011-07-27 | 徐同德 | Low-pressure solar seawater desalination device using ejector |
| CH712868A2 (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-03-15 | Rudolf Wolfensberger Dr | Solar desalination and decontamination plant. |
| CN109867317A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-11 | 安徽理工大学 | A kind of efficient cryogenic atomization injection desalination plant and its method |
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Application publication date: 20200207 |