CN110756757A - Device and method for improving removing efficiency of round billet cutting burl - Google Patents
Device and method for improving removing efficiency of round billet cutting burl Download PDFInfo
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- CN110756757A CN110756757A CN201911071372.2A CN201911071372A CN110756757A CN 110756757 A CN110756757 A CN 110756757A CN 201911071372 A CN201911071372 A CN 201911071372A CN 110756757 A CN110756757 A CN 110756757A
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- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B22D11/126—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cutting
- B22D11/1265—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cutting having auxiliary devices for deburring
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for improving the efficiency of removing cutting nodules of a round billet, which belong to a round billet continuous casting machine device in the metallurgical industry and application thereof. By applying the method, the casting blank can be directly loaded and shipped after being discharged from the slow cooling pit, so that the shipment speed of the casting blank is greatly increased, the potential safety hazards of burning, heat stroke and the like caused by the operation of a beading removing worker in a high-temperature environment are eliminated, the manpower and material cost required by the beading removing operation is saved, the requirement of a subsequent process on the temperature of the casting blank is met, and the quality of the casting blank is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for improving efficiency of removing cutting burls of a round billet, belonging to the technical field of auxiliary equipment for steelmaking.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of the railway industry, the number of round billet continuous casting machines for producing wheel and axle steel in the steel industry is increased day by day. In order to meet the market demand, the three-machine three-strand round billet continuous casting machine is built in 3 months in 2015 in our factory. Cutting is an important link of round billet continuous production, and cutting nodules are formed on the lower surfaces of the head end and the tail end of a casting billet in the process of cutting the casting billet by a flame cutting machine, so that the cutting nodules not only affect the quality of the casting billet, but also damage casting machine equipment. In domestic large-scale steel mills such as Lai steel, Xingcheng special steel and the like, a method for manually removing cutting nodules is adopted.
The round billet cutting burls are usually removed by a manual chisel after the casting billet is off-line, and some cutting burls are tightly adhered to the casting billet and need to be cut by a cutting gun. After the casting blank is off-line, the temperature is up to 550 ℃, and people for removing the burrs operate in an off-line area for a long time, so personal injury accidents such as burning, scalding and heatstroke are easy to happen. Secondly, the operating personnel operate in a high-temperature environment, and the operating efficiency is greatly reduced. And thirdly, after the casting blank is cooled by the slow cooling pit, the cutting edge attached to the cutting surface of the casting blank is hardened, the bonding force with the casting blank is increased, and the cutting edge is more difficult to clean manually. After the slow cooling time is up, the casting blank needs to be delivered out of the pit in time, and the casting blank cannot be delivered in time due to low efficiency of manually removing the cutting nodules, so that the nodule removal becomes a bottleneck restricting production. On the other hand, if the casting blank needs to be conveyed in red, the time required for artificially removing the burrs is longer, the temperature reduction time of the casting blank in a normal temperature environment is prolonged, the formation of the casting blank tissue structure is influenced, and the quality of the casting blank is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device and a method for improving the efficiency of removing cutting burls of round billets, aiming at improving the efficiency of removing the cutting burls of the round billets, shortening the time of removing the cutting burls, saving the cost of manpower and material resources, eliminating the bottleneck of a material flow chain of a casting blank, accelerating the delivery speed of the casting blank and improving the continuous casting capacity of a casting machine.
The invention mainly utilizes the characteristic that the adhesion force between the cutting edge and the casting blank is small in a high-temperature state, and designs a scraper device which acts on the axial force of the cutting edge of the casting blank to quickly scrape the cutting edge, so that the purpose of quickly removing the cutting edge is realized. The main technical concept is implemented and applied by the following devices, which comprise a casting blank cutting surface detection device, a cutting nodule removing scraper device, a cutting nodule collecting device and a cutting nodule pushing device; after the casting blank is cut, the casting blank is conveyed to the ejection direction by the cutting roller way, after a grating at the rear part of the flame cutting machine detects a signal of the front end face of the casting blank, the scraper system rotates forwards, and the front end face of the casting blank is quickly scraped clean by the rear cutting edge of the scraper. When the grating detects a signal of the end face of the cut casting blank, the scraper system is reversed, and after the end face of the cut casting blank passes through the scraper system, the cutting edge is rapidly cleaned. The cleaned cutting nodules enter the dross collecting device along the slide way, a certain amount of dross is gathered, and the dross is pushed into the crop and tail cutting trolley by the air cylinder to be lifted away. All the actions are linked with a cutting control system of a continuous casting machine, so that the cutting edge of the casting blank is quickly removed. And the scraper device stops rotating after the second group of gratings detects the end surface of the cut casting blank.
The invention provides a device for improving the removing efficiency of round billet cutting nodules, which comprises a casting blank cutting surface detection device, a cutting nodule removing scraper device, a cutting nodule collecting device and a cutting nodule pushing device, wherein the casting blank cutting surface detection device is used for detecting the cutting nodules;
the casting blank cutting surface detection device comprises a grating detection device and a signal receiver, wherein the grating detection device consists of a signal transmitter and a signal receiver;
the cutting burr removing scraper device comprises a scraper connecting component and a transmission device, wherein the scraper connecting component is a core component of the cutting burr removing scraper device and comprises a scraper group, a main shaft, a pin shaft and a flange; the scraper group is formed by combining five scrapers in parallel along the axial direction, two flanges are welded on the middle shaft section of the main shaft, and two flanges are welded on the end part of the main shaft; four groups of long pin shafts are arranged in the flange holes; two ends of the main shaft are fixed on the bearing seats by self-aligning roller bearings;
the transmission device comprises two parts, namely a rotary motion part of the scraper connecting part and a horizontal motion part of the cutting nodule collecting device; the rotary motion part provides rotary operation for the scraper connecting part, the rotary motion part consists of a motor, a speed reducer and a rotating shaft, the motor and the speed reducer are connected in a meshing manner through a gear, the speed reducer and the rotating shaft are connected in a key manner, and the rotary motion part is realized in a transmission manner that the motor drives the speed reducer;
the cutting nodule collecting device comprises a cutting nodule collecting hopper and a slideway, the cutting nodule pushing device comprises an air cylinder, a push rod and a chute, the air cylinder is connected with the push rod through threads, the push rod is connected with the cutting nodule collecting hopper through a pin shaft, and the cutting nodule collecting hopper is placed on the slideway;
the horizontal movement part of the transmission device is realized by a mode that a cylinder pushes a push rod; the cutting burr pushing device is driven by the pushing force and the pulling force of the cylinder, when the cutting burr exists in the collecting hopper, the cylinder is required to drive the push rod to push out the cutting burr, and after the pushing is finished, the cylinder is required to pull the push rod back to the original position; the cutting tumor enters the cutting tumor collecting hopper, the cylinder pushes the push rod to enable the cut tumor after being removed to enter the cutting tumor collecting hopper along the chute, the cutting tumor is guaranteed to be completely recycled, and production cost is reduced.
The device is designed in a way that the distance between the cutting roller and the conveying roller way is limited, and the movement mode of the scraper device for removing the cutting burls cannot be linear, so that circular movement is selected as the movement mode of the scraper device for removing the cutting burls. In addition, if circular motion is selected as the mode of operation of the doctor device, the doctor device is kept at a safe distance of 200mm from the two front and rear feed rollers during its movement. And calculating the radius of gyration of the scraper device through the size of the conveying roller way, and determining the maximum radius of gyration of the scraper device to be 900 mm.
The structure design of the scraper device for removing the cutting nodules is as follows:
the device determines the main technical parameters of the scraper device by combining the actual situation on site as follows:
| tumor removal time(s) | 2-4 |
| Transport speed (m/min) after cutting of casting blank | 0-10 |
| Suitable for round billet specification (mm) | ∮390、∮690、∮550、∮800 |
| Height of cutting tumor (mm) | 20-50 |
| Width of cutting tumor (mm) | 250-320 |
| Centre distance of conveying roller (mm) | 1300 |
The main components of the round billet cutting burr removing scraper device comprise a scraper connecting component, a transmission device, a cutting burr pushing device and the like. The section phi 390 is taken as an example below to illustrate the design concept and the selection of design parameters of the device:
the scraper connecting component is a core component of the scraper device for removing the cutting nodules, and mainly comprises a scraper group, a main shaft, a pin shaft and a flange; 2 flanges are welded on the middle shaft section of the main shaft, and 2 flanges are welded on the end part of the main shaft; 4 groups of long pin shafts are arranged in the flange holes; the two groups of scrapers are uniformly arranged at intervals of 180 degrees along the circumferential direction, and each group is provided with 5 scrapers respectively; two ends of the main shaft are fixed on the bearing seat by the self-aligning roller bearing.
Cutting tumour pusher includes cylinder, push rod, chute, and the cutting tumour gets into the cutting tumour along the chute after being clear away and collects the fill, and the cylinder promotes the push rod and pushes the cutting tumour and collect the fill, guarantees that the cutting tumour recycles completely, reduction in production cost.
The transmission device of the round billet cutting nodule removing scraper device mainly comprises two parts, namely a rotary motion part of a scraper connecting part and a horizontal motion part of a cutting nodule collecting device. The rotary motion part is realized by a transmission mode of a motor-driven speed reducer, and the horizontal motion part is realized by a mode of pushing a push rod by an air cylinder. Therefore, the selection of the type of the transmission system part is particularly critical to achieve the high efficiency of the tumor-cutting operation.
The following details the options for each component:
1. the requirements of the motor type selection in the transmission device of the burr removing scraper device are as follows:
the parameters and performance of the motor directly influence the tumor removal effect in the design process, so the selection of the motor needs to be researched.
(1) The selection of the motor is based on the following principle:
① the motor is selected to meet the mechanical performance requirements required in actual production, i.e. proper load start-up and running characteristics.
②, the motor is selected in consideration of the appropriate motor capacity, i.e., the difference between the required capacity of the motor and the selected motor capacity is as small as possible, and the capacity is generally selected according to some characteristics of the load, such as the frequency of starting, the speed, the fluctuation range of the torque, etc.
③, the motor should be selected in consideration of the adaptability of the structure to the environment, that is, the cooling mode and the protection mode are selected according to the applicable environment condition.
④ the choice of motor also considers the number of stages and voltage classes of the motor, whether the motor is reliable, whether it is convenient to interchange and maintain, etc.
(2) The motor that needs the selection in this design process should satisfy following requirement:
① the environment requires that the scraper device for removing the cutting nodules is mainly used in continuous casting workshops of steel mills, and the work is often in severe environments such as high temperature, much dust and the like.
② the speed regulation requirement is that the scraper is rotated at high speed to apply axial force to remove the cutting edge, the speed of the scraper must be adjustable, and the optimum cutting edge rotating speed of the casting blanks of different materials or specifications is different, which is usually adjusted according to the field.
③ load characteristic requirements are that in the engineering field of casting blank cutting nodule removal, the starting time of a machine is generally required to be short, the motor can reach the original rotating speed 2-3 s after being started, which is usually 800-1500 r/min.
In summary, the SEW variable frequency motor is selected as the device, the three-phase asynchronous speed regulating motor is supplied with power through the variable frequency speed regulating device, the system has the advantages of large speed regulating range, high precision and stable mechanical characteristic, can bear larger load, and the variable frequency starting characteristic can meet the requirements of the scraper device during working.
In the research process of the device, information about the adhesive force of the cutting edge and the round billet and the fracture mechanism of the cutting edge is less, theoretical explanation is given, research at home and abroad is less, only individual documents show the breaking energy (measured by experiments) of the cutting edge with a certain width, so that the axial force required for removing the cutting edge is difficult to determine, the device selects a motor with similar working conditions, and the kinetic energy obtained by a scraper is compared with the breaking energy of the cutting edge through the design of a later scraper, so that whether the cutting edge can be removed or not is judged. Thereby being used for checking the type selection of the motor. The main technical parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Name (R) | Numerical value |
| Motor model | DRE160MC4 |
| Rated output power | 11kw |
| Rotational speed | 1475rpm |
| Voltage of | 380V |
| Rated torque | 71.89Nm |
| Frequency of | 50Hz |
| Fire rating | IP65 |
| |
60 ℃ (for metallurgical environment) |
2. The rotating speed output by the speed reducer in the transmission device of the cutting burl removing scraper device influences the removing effect of the cutting burl, so the type selection of the speed reducer needs to be researched:
(1) model selection of speed reducer
The power of the knurl-removing scraper device is transmitted by a motor through a speed reducer. The installation direction of the speed reducer and the motor can be determined to be vertical installation according to the actual field installation position, and the direction of the output shaft of the speed reducer is vertical to the direction of the motor shaft, so that the selected speed reducer is a worm gear speed reducer. Considering the actual installation position of the scraper device on site and the smoothness of the working process, the working speed of the scraper device for removing the cutting burr is 25rpm, and the transmission ratio of the selected speed reducer can be determined to be 70 according to the rotating speed of the motor, and the model is KA107DRE160MC 4/TF. The speed reducer is mostly used in steel-making machinery, mining machinery, engineering machinery, petroleum machinery and other heavy machinery.
(2) Checking of speed reducer
In order to ensure the normal use of the selected speed reducer, the performance of the speed reducer needs to be checked. The known power output by the motor is 11kW, the output rotating speed of the speed reducer is 25r/min, and the calculated torque of the speed reducer can be obtained:
Tc＝KT
in the formula:
k is a working condition coefficient, and 1 can be obtained by finding out extra-heavy impact load by a mechanical design manual.
Tc-calculated torque of the reducer (Nm)
Bringing the known amounts into the above formula yields:
according to the technical parameters of the speed reducer, the nominal torque is Tn5220 Nm. Then:
Tc≤Tn
therefore, the device adopts the KA107DRE160MC4/TF type speed reducer to reduce the inertia of the load, the speed reduction speed simultaneously improves the output torque, the speed reducer has a compact structure, good heat exchange performance, fast heat dissipation, stable operation and low noise, and the good mechanical performance can meet the working requirement of the scraper device.
3. Type selection and checking of push cylinder
In the process of removing the cutting nodules, the pushing cylinder mainly pushes the cutting nodules scraped by the scraper into the head and tail cutting trolley.
(1) Type of cylinder
The pressure in the single-acting cylinder depends on the unidirectional movement of the piston, and the movement in the opposite direction is realized by external force (gravity, etc.); the double acting cylinder can complete the movement in two directions through gas pressure.
The cutting tumor pushing device is driven by the pushing force and the pulling force of the air cylinder, the air cylinder is required to drive the push rod to push out the cutting tumor when the cutting tumor exists in the collecting box, and the air cylinder is required to pull the push rod back to the original position after pushing.
Therefore, the device adopts a double-acting mode.
(2) Calculation of the main geometric dimensions of the cylinder
The main geometrical dimensions of the cylinder include the inner diameter D of the cylinder, the diameter D of the piston rod, the stroke of the cylinder, etc.
① calculation of Cylinder diameter
In engineering, the internal diameter D of the cylinder is generally selected by two devices, namely a first type of calculating device is selected according to a load size and system pressure calculation method and a speed and flow meter algorithm, and the formula is shown as follows.
In the formula:
d-cylinder inside diameter (m)
F-cylinder pull (kN)
P-selected working pressure (M Pa)
The average weight of the cut nodules in the collection box is about 45Kg per hour of actual field measurements, and 60Kg is selected for type taking into account other environmental factors. (casting slab section diameter of phi 390, fixed length of 6 m)
η -mechanical efficiency, considering the influence of friction force and inertia force when the cylinder actually works, 0.1 is taken here, and the actual field pressure is 0.5 MPa.
Mu-coefficient of sliding friction, refer to the handbook of mechanical design, and the coefficient of sliding friction between steel and steel is 0.1.
According to the standard inner diameter of the air cylinder of the instrument design manual, D is 40mm
② calculation of piston rod diameter d
The diameter of the piston rod can be selected according to the working pressure or the type of equipment, and D is (0.5-0.55) D according to the teaching materials of hydraulic and pneumatic transmission in the table 4-1, wherein D is 0.55D and 21.23 mm. According to the external diameter standard of the piston rod of the cylinder of a mechanical design manual, the diameter d of the piston of the cylinder of the device is 25 mm.
③ determination of cylinder stroke
The stroke of the air cylinder is mainly determined according to the actual installation position of the scraper device, the distance between the scraper device and the head and tail cutting trolley is 350mm, but the full stroke is not recommended to be selected in engineering, and on the basis, the distance of 50mm is reserved, so that the stroke of the air cylinder is 400 mm.
④ environmental conditions of operation
The scraper device is mainly applied to a steel-making workshop, the environmental temperature is high, dust and particles around the scraper device are more, and therefore an SC40 x 500 type cylinder is selected, and the cylinder is particularly suitable for the working conditions of severe environment, high temperature and the like and is usually used for occasions of steel, casting, mechanical manufacturing and the like.
4. Scraper connecting part design
The scraper connecting part mainly comprises a scraper group, a rotating main shaft, a flange on the main shaft and the like. The scraper group and the spindle structure are mainly designed.
(1) Scraper design
The device adopts a scraper to scrape off the cutting burls, and the working principle is that the rotary scraper applies axial force to remove the cutting burls. The design of the end scraper is particularly important as an execution end of the device.
The device is designed in the structural form of the scraper firstly, and the cutting end face of the round billet is circular, so the scraper is required to be manufactured into an arc shape and matched with the cutting end face of the round billet in size, otherwise the scraper interferes with the casting blank to cut off the casting blank body, and waste products are generated. And calculating the arc radius of the scraper according to the sizes of the roller way roller and the end surface of the casting blank, wherein the radius of the phi 390 end surface of the casting blank scraper is R197.5mm, and the radius of the phi 690 end surface of the casting blank scraper is R347.5 mm.
① scraper structure
After on-site investigation and data arrangement, the scraper is designed according to the approximate position of the cutting burls. The cutting burls on the bottom surface of the end part of the round billet are symmetrically distributed at 120 degrees, and the distribution positions are similar to a section of circular arc. The factory mainly produces two circular billets with diameters of 390mm and 690mm, and the circular billets are designed according to the specification of 390 mm. The chord length corresponding to the actual measured cutting tumor is about 300 mm. In order to remove the cutting edge as completely as possible, the effective cutting edge length is set to 310mm, and a single scraper blade thickness is taken to be 50 mm. In order to avoid overlarge contact area between the two scrapers and overlarge friction force in the movement process, the 2mm isolating sleeve is designed between the scrapers, and every scraper is designed to be equal in width, so that the number N of the scrapers required by the design is as follows:
considering that a flange exists in the middle of the scraper when the scraper is installed, the width of the flange is selected to be 50mm, so that the number of the scrapers is selected to be 5.
The section of the scraper during rotation is rectangular, a right-angled triangle is constructed according to the rotation radius of the scraper for calculation, and the width of the scraper is determined to be 120 mm. This width is the minimum width that matches the radius of gyration.
Because the cutting burls are unevenly distributed at the bottoms of the two ends and approximate to a section of circular arc, the scraping end of the scraper is approximately arranged to be circular arc according to the section shape of the circular blank. However, in terms of the machining process, the machining difficulty of the arc is far greater than that of the straight line, and therefore the edge of the scraper which is in contact with the cutting edge is designed to be approximately straight. The scraping surface formed by sequentially aligning and mounting each group of scrapers is the tangent envelope curve of each small segment of circular arc. Because the doctor apparatus requires positive and negative rotation, the blade is required on both sides of the doctor head. The blade part is not designed into a sharp angle form generally, because in the process of removing the cutting edge, when the rotating scraper contacts with the cutting edge, if the contact part is designed into a straight edge, the blade edge is abraded, and the service life of the scraper is reduced; this device designs into arc with it, and the 2mm fillet is poured out to the cutting part of scraper head contact cutting tumor behind the CAD picture promptly to make the wearing and tearing of scraper obtain improving, prolong the life of scraper.
② scraper arrangement
The installation arrangement of the scraper is required to consider the position of the cutting burls to be covered all over and reduce the number of the scrapers as much as possible. The device arranges the scrapers in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction, and separates the scrapers by the flanges welded in the middle of the main shaft, the flanges are distributed in 180 degrees, the two flanges are welded on the main shaft in a staggered manner with the axial difference of 50mm, and the thickness of the flanges is ensured to be the width of one scraper; and then the scraper components are divided into two groups, and each group is provided with 5 scrapers which are orderly arranged on the long pin shaft and are distributed at intervals of 180 degrees along the circumferential direction. Thus each group does not need 6 blades to cover all the cutting knurls. The arrangement changes the original two-point support of the long pin shaft into three-point support, enhances the rigidity and prolongs the service life; the flanges are welded on the middle shaft section of the main shaft of the scraper device, and the four long pin shafts are fixed through split pins so as to prevent the axial displacement of the four long pin shafts. The installation mode can lead the scraper to be conveniently and quickly assembled and disassembled, and the installation distribution of the scraper is shown as follows.
③ choice of material
The scraper is an important working part of the round billet deburring device, so that the structural shape, the quality, the material and the like of the scraper have a great relation with the operation performance of the scraper device, and the selection of the scraper material not only influences the service life of the scraper device, but also influences the working quality, the working economic cost and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable blade material in combination with the working conditions. The material needs to meet the following requirements:
a) higher hardness and wear resistance
The scraper not only needs to meet the requirement of higher hardness, but also needs to have stronger wear resistance. In general, the wear resistance of a material is related to the hardness of the material, and the higher the hardness, the more finely divided carbides are uniformly distributed and the smaller the particles, and thus the higher the wear resistance. The hardness of the doctor blade is generally required to be above HRC 60.
b) Sufficient strength and toughness
To avoid brittle fracture and chipping, the doctor blade also needs to have sufficient strength and toughness, i.e., the ability to withstand pressure, shock and vibration during operation. The common material has high bending strength and good toughness, and the impact resistance is strong; however, it is not easy to simultaneously obtain both hardness and toughness in a metallic material. Generally, high hardness results in poor impact toughness, while materials with high impact resistance generally have a relatively low hardness.
c) High thermal stability (Heat resistance)
By thermal stability is meant the ability of the material selected to maintain good strength and toughness, hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperatures. In addition, it should have some chemical stability resistance at high temperature, such as oxidation resistance, adhesion resistance, etc.
d) Good manufacturability and economy
The scraper also has requirements on the machinability of materials in the forming and manufacturing process, and the selected materials have good forming performance, such as good heat treatment performance (good hardenability), welding performance (easy welding), forging performance (strong plasticity) and grinding performance (easy sharpening). In addition, a higher cost performance ratio is provided for the material, and the maximum economic efficiency is obtained at the most economic manufacturing cost.
The cutter materials used in the production are mainly hard alloy steel and high-speed steel generally, because the high-speed steel has higher strength and toughness, good hardness and wear resistance, manufacturability and the like, but the heat resistance is limited (about 600 ℃); the hard alloy steel has high hardness and good wear resistance, the cutting speed of the hard alloy steel is about 4-7 times of that of high-speed steel, the thermal stability of the hard alloy steel is extremely high (about 1000 ℃), but the toughness of the hard alloy steel is poorer than that of the high-speed steel; carbon tool steels are economical but suitable for low rate operations and poor thermal stability; other new materials, such as diamond, ceramic, etc., have their own limitations. Diamond has poor thermal stability and is easy to oxidize; the ceramic has the advantages of large brittleness, poor bending resistance, poor impact resistance, easy edge breakage and the like.
The round billet scraper device for removing the cutting nodules is on-line deburring, the working environment temperature of a scraper is high when the deburring is carried out, the working environment temperature is about above 700 ℃, and the deburring speed under high-speed rotation is high. In conclusion, the tungsten-based high-speed tool steel W18Cr4V with high wear resistance, high toughness, high red hardness and high hardness is selected. Because the scraper is small in size, the edge part and the end part of the scraper are made of the same material. Namely, the material of the whole scraper is W18Cr 4V.
(2) Spindle design
The main shaft is an important part of the scraper device, and therefore, the structural design of the main shaft is particularly necessary. When in design, the main shaft and parts arranged on the main shaft are ensured to have accurate working positions, and the main shaft and the parts are also ensured to be conveniently assembled, disassembled and adjusted. In addition, the basic requirements such as good processing manufacturability, smaller stress concentration and the like are also met.
① structural design
a) Preliminary estimation of spindle diameter
The structural design of the shaft is generally to calculate the torque applied to the shaft and then predict the diameter of the shaft according to the torsional strength. However, the impact force applied to the spindle during cutting the tumor is complicated, so that it is unreliable to estimate the diameter of the spindle based on the torque applied to the spindle.
Because the working principle of the device is similar to that of a round billet ejection roller way, the diameter of a roller main shaft of the ejection roller way is referred, the basic diameter of the main shaft is preliminarily determined to be d equal to 125mm, and then the structural design of the main shaft is carried out.
b) Structural design of main shaft
Firstly, determining the diameter and the length of each section of the main shaft according to an axial positioning principle, wherein because the main shaft is hardly subjected to axial force in actual work, the bearing is an aligning roller bearing with the model number of NSK24024, the basic size is that the outer diameter D, the inner diameter D, the width B is 180, 120 and 60mm, the diameter of the shaft section matched with the bearing is 120mm, the width is 60mm, and the sizes of the main shafts corresponding to the bearings at two ends are the same; one end of the bearing is fixed, and the other end moves. In order to prevent dust, water, acid gas and other impurities from entering the bearing and influencing the service life of the bearing, the two ends of the bearing are sealed by sealing rings. The length of the shaft section in the middle of the main shaft is determined to be 442mm according to the total width of the scraper and the thickness of the flanges at the two ends.
② choice of material
The main shaft is mainly subjected to impact load when the main shaft is used for cutting the burls, so that certain requirements are provided for the strength, the impact toughness, the fatigue resistance and the like of the main shaft. The device selects 40Cr as the material of the main shaft, and the strength, the plasticity and the toughness of the main shaft are enhanced after quenching and tempering. The hardness of the main shaft after tempering is HB 230-HB 270, the tensile strength is improved, and the strength limit is up to 858 MPa.
The mechanical structure part of the scraper device for removing the cutting nodules is mainly researched, the scraper device is structurally designed on the basis of definite research objects and technical requirements, and the scraper connecting part is firstly designed in detail; then the transmission system part of the device is subjected to model selection and check; in order to ensure the recycling of the cutting tumor, a cutting tumor recycling device is designed.
The invention provides a method for improving removing efficiency of round billet cutting nodules, which comprises the following steps: after the fire cutting machine cuts the round casting blank, the cutting roller way transports the casting blank to move towards the blank discharging direction, the grating detection device detects the end face before cutting, the center of the scraper device control system gives a signal of positive rotation of a motor of the scraper device, the scraper device starts positive rotation, and the end face cutting nodules before cutting are cleaned. And when the grating detection device detects the cut rear end face, the center of the scraper device control system gives a reversal signal to the scraper device, the scraper device starts to reverse, and the cut tumors of the cut rear end face are removed completely. And the second group of grating detection devices detect that the scraper device stops rotating after the end surface is cut. The cutting burls that drop pass through the slide and get into cutting burl collection device, will cut the burl and push into crop tail-cutting dolly by the cylinder after the collection is accomplished. Thus completing a tumor removal cycle; so as to repeatedly wait for the next tumor removing period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a device for quickly removing round billet cutting nodules, which can quickly remove the round billet cutting nodules on line without manual nodule removal after offline, so that a casting blank can be timely transferred into a slow cooling pit, the temperature drop of the casting blank in the environment is reduced, the stability of the internal organization structure of the casting blank is ensured, and the delivery efficiency of the casting blank is improved.
(1) After the method is realized, the cutting burls can be removed completely by the casting blank on line, and the casting blank is directly delivered or hung into a slow cooling pit after being off line, so that the production rhythm is improved.
(2) The manual tumor removal is carried out once for about 20 minutes, and the offline manual tumor removal is not needed after the online tumor removal is finished, so that the temperature drop of the casting blank caused by waiting is reduced, and the forming of the internal tissue structure of the casting blank is favorably ensured.
(3) The labor cost can be saved by 342000 yuan/year after the scraper device is used for online cleaning the tumor. (the cutting nodules of the casting blank are removed manually and each ton of steel is 0.75 yuan, the steel yield of the round blank is about 38000 tons per month, and the labor cost can be saved every year: 0.75 yuan 38000 yuan 12 yuan 342000 yuan)
(4) After the scraper device clears the burls, the off-line casting blank can be timely delivered to a section bar factory, and the logistics bottleneck is eliminated.
(5) After the cutting edge of the casting blank is removed on line, the continuous casting capability of a round billet continuous casting machine is ensured, and the production efficiency of the wheel axle steel production task of fist products in our factory is ensured.
(6) The potential safety hazards such as burning and scalding, heatstroke and the like in the manual tumor cleaning operation process are eliminated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for improving the removal efficiency of cutting nodules of a casting blank according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the round billet cutter device.
Fig. 3 is a distribution schematic diagram of the knurl removing scraper device.
Figure 4 is an assembly view of the doctor apparatus.
Fig. 5 is a view of the blade component of the burr removing blade device.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the spindle.
In the figure: 1. a fire cutting machine, 2, a grating detection device, 3, a round casting blank, 4, a front cutting end face, 5, a scraper, 6, a cutting edge, 7, a scraper device base, 8, a chute, 9, a cutting edge collecting hopper, 10, an air cylinder, 11, a cutting roller way, 12, a rear cutting end face, 13, a main shaft, 14, a first flange, 15, a second flange, 16, a long pin shaft, 17, a motor, an 18 reducer, 19, a bearing seat, 20, a roller way foundation, 21, an phi 390 casting blank, 22, a push rod, 23 and a slide way; a is the casting blank ejection direction.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
as shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, a device for improving the removing efficiency of cutting nodules of round billets comprises a casting billet cutting surface detection device, a scraping cutter device for removing the cutting nodules, a cutting nodule collecting device and a cutting nodule pushing device,
the casting blank cutting surface detection device comprises a grating detection device and a signal receiver, wherein the grating detection device consists of a signal transmitter and a signal receiver;
the burr removing scraper device comprises a scraper connecting part and a transmission device, wherein the scraper connecting part is a core component of the burr removing scraper device and comprises a scraper group, a main shaft 13, a pin shaft and a flange; the scraper group is formed by combining five scrapers 5 into a group along the axial direction, two second flanges 15 are welded on the middle shaft section of the main shaft, and two first flanges 14 are welded on the end part of the main shaft; four groups of long pin shafts 16 are arranged in the flange holes; two ends of the main shaft 13 are fixed on a bearing seat 19 by a self-aligning roller bearing;
the transmission device comprises two parts, namely a rotary motion part of the scraper connecting part and a horizontal motion part of the cutting nodule collecting device; the rotary motion part provides rotary operation for the scraper connecting part, the rotary motion part consists of a motor 17, a speed reducer 18 and a rotating shaft, the motor 17 and the speed reducer 18 are connected through gear engagement, the speed reducer 18 and the rotating shaft are connected through key connection, and the rotary motion part is realized by a transmission mode of driving the speed reducer by the motor;
the cutting nodule collecting device comprises a cutting nodule collecting hopper 9 and a slideway 23, the cutting nodule pushing device comprises an air cylinder 10, a push rod 22 and a chute 8, the air cylinder 10 is connected with the push rod 22 through threads, the push rod is connected with the cutting nodule collecting hopper through a pin shaft, and the cutting nodule collecting hopper 9 is placed on the slideway 23;
the horizontal movement part of the transmission device is realized by a mode that a cylinder pushes a push rod; the cutting burr pushing device is driven by the pushing force and the pulling force of the cylinder, when the cutting burr exists in the collecting hopper, the cylinder is required to drive the push rod to push out the cutting burr, and after the pushing is finished, the cylinder is required to pull the push rod back to the original position; the cutting tumor enters the cutting tumor collecting hopper, the cylinder pushes the push rod to enable the cut tumor after being removed to enter the cutting tumor collecting hopper along the chute, the cutting tumor is guaranteed to be completely recycled, and production cost is reduced.
In the device, the motor 17 is in a DRE160MC4 model, the rated output power is 11kw, the rotating speed is 1475rpm, the voltage is 380V, the rated torque is 71.89Nm, the frequency is 50Hz, the fire-proof grade is IP65, and the environmental requirement is that the motor is used in a 60 ℃ metallurgical environment.
In the device, the speed reducer 18 is a bevel gear-bevel gear speed reducer with the model number KA107DRE160MC 4/TF; the output rotating speed of the speed reducer is 25r/min, and the transmission ratio is 70.
In the above device, the cylinder 10 is selected from an SC40 × 500 type cylinder, the standard inner diameter of the cylinder is D40 mm, the piston diameter D of the cylinder is 25mm, and the stroke of the cylinder is 400 mm.
In the device, the scraper groups comprise two groups, the two groups of scrapers are uniformly arranged at intervals of 180 degrees along the circumferential direction, and five scrapers are respectively arranged in each group; the thickness of a single scraper is 50mm, and the width of the scraper is 120 mm; this width is the minimum width matching the radius of gyration; the scraper device needs to rotate forwards and backwards, so that two sides of the head of the scraper need to be provided with edges; the end part of the scraper is arc-shaped, and the edge part of the head part of the scraper, which is contacted with the cutting knub, is provided with a 2mm fillet.
In the device, the scrapers are arranged in a staggered manner along the circumferential direction and are separated by the flanges welded in the middle of the main shaft, the flanges are distributed in a staggered manner at 180 degrees, the two flanges are welded on the main shaft with the axial difference of 50mm, and the thickness of the flange is ensured to be the width of one scraper; and then the scraper components are divided into two groups, and the scrapers are orderly arranged on the long pin shaft and are distributed at intervals of 180 degrees along the circumferential direction. Thus each group does not need 6 blades to cover all the cutting knurls. The arrangement changes the original two-point support of the long pin shaft into three-point support, enhances the rigidity and prolongs the service life; the flanges 1, 2 and 3 are welded on the middle shaft section of the main shaft of the scraper device, and four long pin shafts are fixed through split pins to prevent the long pin shafts from axially jumping; the material of the scraper is W18Cr 4V.
In the device, 2mm of isolation sleeves are arranged between the scrapers, and each scraper is designed to be of equal width; the radius of the casting blade corresponding to phi 390 end face is R197.5mm, and the radius of the casting blade corresponding to phi 690 end face is R347.5 mm.
In the device, the basic diameter of the main shaft is 125mm, the bearing is a self-aligning roller bearing, the model of the bearing is NSK24024, the basic size is that the outer diameter D x the inner diameter D x the width B is 180 x 120 x 60mm, the diameter of the shaft section matched with the bearing is 120mm, the width is 60mm, and the sizes of the main shafts corresponding to the bearings at two ends are the same; one end of the bearing is fixed, and the other end moves; sealing two ends of the bearing with sealing rings;
the length of the middle shaft section of the main shaft is 442mm, the material of the main shaft is 40Cr, the hardness of the main shaft is HB 230-HB 270, the tensile strength is improved, and the strength limit is up to 858 MPa.
The use process of the device of the invention is as follows:
after the fire cutting machine 1 cuts the round casting blank 3, the cutting roller way 11 transports the casting blank to move towards the blank discharging direction, the grating detection device 2 detects the end face 4 before cutting, the center of the control system of the scraper device gives a signal of positive rotation of the motor of the scraper device, the scraper device starts positive rotation, and the end face cutting nodules 6 before cutting are cleaned. The grating detection device 2 detects the cutting rear end face 12, the center of the scraper device control system gives a reverse signal to the scraper device, the scraper device starts to reverse, and the cutting burrs 6 of the cutting rear end face are removed completely. And the second group of grating detection devices 2 detect that the scraper device stops rotating after the end surface is cut. The fallen cutting burls 6 enter a cutting burl collecting device 9 through a slideway 8, and the cutting burls 6 are pushed into a head-cutting and tail-cutting trolley by a cylinder 10 after the collection is finished. This completes a cycle of tumor resection. So as to repeatedly wait for the next tumor removing period.
In the method, the tumor removing time is 2-4 s; the transportation speed is 0-10m/min after the casting blank is cut; the suitable round billet specification is one of phi 390, phi 690, phi 550 and phi 800 mm; the height of the cutting tumor is 20-50 mm; the width of the cutting tumor is 250-320 mm; the center distance of the conveying roller way is 1300 mm.
Wherein, in order to ensure that the cutting burls are removed completely, the total width of the cutter arranged on the scraper device can not be less than the width of the cutting burls by 120 mm. In order to reduce the cutting resistance, the included angle between the cutting tool and the cutting end face of the round billet is generally ensured to be 3-2 degrees. In order to ensure that the cutter can keep a compact state when contacting the head end surface and the tail end surface of the round billet, pin holes of the used cutter are all processed into long holes.
The frequency of pushing by the nodule pushing apparatus is determined by the section of the casting slab, and is generally pushed once for 30 minutes for the section phi 390 and the section phi 550, and once for 15 minutes for the section phi 690 and the section phi 800. The specific pushing times need to be adjusted according to the actual cutting and sizing conditions, and generally the pushing times are not more than 40 minutes/time.
The embodiment is implemented on a three-machine three-round billet continuous casting machine in a certain steel mill, and the specific implementation conditions are as follows:
after a three-machine three-round billet continuous casting machine in a certain steel mill cuts a casting blank according to a fixed length, cutting nodules are generated on the cut end surface of the casting blank, and the casting blank is conveyed to a first offline or a second offline through a conveying roller way. The casting blank with the cutting edge surface cannot meet the requirements of customers, the cutting edge surface of the casting blank must be manually cleaned after the casting blank is off-line, and the casting blank can be delivered after the cutting edge surface is completely removed.
After the scraper device is implemented between the cutting machine and the conveying roller way, cutting nodules generated by cutting of the casting blank do not need to be manually cleaned after being off-line, and the cutting nodules on the front end surface and the rear end surface of the cutting are cleaned on line by the scraper device.
The time required for manually removing the burrs once is about 15 minutes, two burr removing personnel are required each time, each casting blank needs to remove the burrs of two cutting surfaces, the burr removing efficiency is low, and shipping retardation is often caused because about 30 minutes is required for removing the burrs of one casting blank. Especially for the casting blank needing red conveying, the manual work for removing the built-up edge faces higher working environment temperature, the working efficiency is lower, and the requirements of the next procedure production process cannot be guaranteed. After the method is implemented, the cutting edge of the casting blank can be cleaned by the scraper device in the backward transportation process after the cutting is finished, the normal transportation time of the casting blank on a roller way is not influenced, the casting blank can be directly transported after being off-line, and the requirement of the next procedure on the cooling temperature of the casting blank is ensured.
In addition, the casting blank after slow cooling can be hoisted and loaded in time, and the accretion is not required to be manually cleared after the casting blank is hoisted out of the slow cooling pit, so that the smooth logistics of the casting blank is ensured, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an efficiency is got rid of to improve round billet cutting tumour which characterized in that: comprises a casting blank cutting surface detection device, a cutting nodule removing scraper device, a cutting nodule collecting device and a cutting nodule pushing device,
the casting blank cutting surface detection device comprises a grating detection device and a signal receiver, wherein the grating detection device consists of a signal transmitter and a signal receiver;
the cutting burr removing scraper device comprises a scraper connecting component and a transmission device, wherein the scraper connecting component is a core component of the cutting burr removing scraper device and comprises a scraper group, a main shaft, a pin shaft and a flange; the scraper group is formed by combining five scrapers in parallel along the axial direction, two flanges are welded on the middle shaft section of the main shaft, and two flanges are welded on the end part of the main shaft; four groups of long pin shafts are arranged in the flange holes; two ends of the main shaft are fixed on the bearing seats by self-aligning roller bearings;
the transmission device comprises two parts, namely a rotary motion part of the scraper connecting part and a horizontal motion part of the cutting nodule collecting device; the rotary motion part provides rotary operation for the scraper connecting part, the rotary motion part consists of a motor, a speed reducer and a rotating shaft, the motor and the speed reducer are connected in a meshing manner through a gear, the speed reducer and the rotating shaft are connected in a key manner, and the rotary motion part is realized in a transmission manner that the motor drives the speed reducer;
the cutting nodule collecting device comprises a cutting nodule collecting hopper and a slideway, the cutting nodule pushing device comprises an air cylinder, a push rod and a chute, the air cylinder is connected with the push rod through threads, the push rod is connected with the cutting nodule collecting hopper through a pin shaft, and the cutting nodule collecting hopper is placed on the slideway;
the horizontal movement part of the transmission device is realized by a mode that a cylinder pushes a push rod; the cutting burr pushing device is driven by the pushing force and the pulling force of the cylinder, when the cutting burr exists in the collecting hopper, the cylinder is required to drive the push rod to push out the cutting burr, and after the pushing is finished, the cylinder is required to pull the push rod back to the original position; the cutting tumor enters the cutting tumor collecting hopper, the cylinder pushes the push rod to enable the cut tumor after being removed to enter the cutting tumor collecting hopper along the chute, the cutting tumor is guaranteed to be completely recycled, and production cost is reduced.
2. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of removing a cutting burr of a round billet according to claim 1, wherein: the motor is in a DRE160MC4 model, the rated output power is 11kw, the rotating speed is 1475rpm, the voltage is 380V, the rated torque is 71.89Nm, the frequency is 50Hz, the fire-proof grade is IP65, and the environmental requirement is that the motor is used in a 60 ℃ metallurgical environment.
3. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of removing a cutting burr of a round billet according to claim 1, wherein: the speed reducer is a bevel gear-bevel gear speed reducer with the model number of KA107DRE160MC 4/TF; the output rotating speed of the speed reducer is 25r/min, and the transmission ratio is 70.
4. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of removing a cutting burr of a round billet according to claim 1, wherein: the cylinder selects an SC40 x 500 type cylinder, the standard inner diameter of the cylinder is D =40mm, the diameter D of a piston of the cylinder is 25mm, and the stroke of the cylinder is set to be 400 mm.
5. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of removing a cutting burr of a round billet according to claim 1, wherein: the scraper groups comprise two groups, the two groups of scrapers are uniformly arranged at intervals of 180 degrees along the circumferential direction, and five scrapers are respectively arranged in each group; the thickness of a single scraper is 50mm, and the width of the scraper is 120 mm; this width is the minimum width matching the radius of gyration; the scraper device needs to rotate forwards and backwards, so that two sides of the head of the scraper need to be provided with edges; the end part of the scraper is arc-shaped, and the edge part of the head part of the scraper, which is contacted with the cutting knub, is provided with a 2mm fillet.
6. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of removing the cutting burr of the round billet according to claim 5, wherein: the scrapers are arranged in a staggered mode along the circumferential direction and are separated by flanges welded in the middle of the main shaft, the flanges are distributed in a staggered mode at 180 degrees, the two flanges are welded on the main shaft with the axial difference of 50mm, and the thickness of each flange is the width of one scraper; dividing the scraper components into two groups, wherein the scrapers are orderly arranged on the long pin shaft and are distributed at intervals of 180 degrees along the circumferential direction; the material of the scraper is W18Cr 4V.
7. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of removing the cutting burr of the round billet according to claim 5, wherein: 2mm of isolation sleeves are arranged between the scrapers, and each scraper is designed to be equal in width; the radius of the casting blade corresponding to phi 390 end face is R197.5mm, and the radius of the casting blade corresponding to phi 690 end face is R347.5 mm.
8. The apparatus for improving the efficiency of removing a cutting burr of a round billet according to claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the main shaft is D =125mm, the bearing is a self-aligning roller bearing, the model of the bearing is NSK24024, the basic size is outer diameter D, inner diameter D, width B =180, 120, 60mm, the diameter of the shaft section at the matched position is D =120mm, the width is 60mm, and the sizes of the main shafts corresponding to the bearings at two ends are the same; one end of the bearing is fixed, and the other end moves; sealing two ends of the bearing with sealing rings;
the length of a middle shaft section of the main shaft is 442mm, the main shaft is made of 40Cr, the hardness of the main shaft is HB 230-HB 270, the tensile strength is improved, and the strength limit is up to 858 MPa.
9. A method for improving efficiency of removing cutting burls of round billets, which adopts the device for improving efficiency of removing cutting burls of round billets as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, and is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: after the circular casting blank is cut by the fire cutting machine, the cutting roller way transports the casting blank to move towards the blank discharging direction, the grating detection device detects the front cutting end face, the center of the scraper device control system gives a signal of positive rotation of a motor of the scraper device, the scraper device starts to rotate positively, and cutting nodules on the front cutting end face are removed completely; when the grating detection device detects the cut end face, the center of the scraper device control system sends a reversal signal to the scraper device, the scraper device starts to reverse, and cut nodules on the cut end face are removed; after the second group of grating detection devices detect the cut rear end face, the scraper device stops rotating, the dropped cutting nodules enter the cutting nodule collecting device through the cutting nodule pushing device, and the cutting nodules are pushed into the head-cutting and tail-cutting trolley through the air cylinder after being collected; thus completing a tumor removal cycle; so as to repeatedly wait for the next tumor removing period.
10. The method for improving the efficiency of removing a cutting burr of a round billet according to claim 9, wherein: the tumor removing time is 2-4 s; the transportation speed is 0-10m/min after the casting blank is cut; the suitable round billet specification is one of phi 390, phi 690, phi 550 and phi 800 mm; the height of the cutting tumor is 20-50 mm; the width of the cutting tumor is 250-320 mm; the center distance of the conveying roller way is 1300 mm.
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Cited By (1)
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