CN110755927A - Blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants - Google Patents
Blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants Download PDFInfo
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- CN110755927A CN110755927A CN201911123254.1A CN201911123254A CN110755927A CN 110755927 A CN110755927 A CN 110755927A CN 201911123254 A CN201911123254 A CN 201911123254A CN 110755927 A CN110755927 A CN 110755927A
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- HTHCLGFYOIBYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetrabutylazanium;dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC HTHCLGFYOIBYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0001—Making filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0028—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions provided with antibacterial or antifungal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0032—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions using electrostatic forces to remove particles, e.g. electret filters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0038—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions with means for influencing the odor, e.g. deodorizing substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0414—Surface modifiers, e.g. comprising ion exchange groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
- B01D2239/0636—Two or more types of fibres present in the filter material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/10—Filtering material manufacturing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a filter material for filtering and purifying air particle pollutants, which is prepared by blending chitin fibers and non-woven fabric fibers with surface positive charge modified. According to the invention, common non-woven fabric fibers are subjected to surface positive charge modification treatment and then blended with chitin fibers, and the obtained mixed fibers are further woven into the air purification filter material. The product prepared by the invention has positive charge surface static electricity, can be used for purifying common air particle pollutants and also can be used in the environment containing a large amount of negative ion substances in the air, and the adsorption effect is better when the particle pollutants with negative charges are filtered.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of environment-friendly materials, in particular to a filter material for filtering and purifying air particle pollutants, which is prepared by blending chitin fibers and non-woven fabric fibers modified by surface positive charges.
Background
Along with the enhancement of environmental protection and health consciousness of people in recent years, the demand for the protection of inhalable particle pollutants in the air, namely haze prevention products, is increasingly vigorous. The filter cloth, filter screen and the like manufactured by taking the fiber with high static electricity and high adsorption performance as the raw material are one of the mainstream technical schemes for air purification at present, and almost all feasible physical adsorption purification products in the market adopt the static filter cloth scheme, such as Chinese patent CN204261474U and the like, wherein polypropylene (PP) non-woven fabric is taken as the representative, and the filter cloth, the filter screen and the like become mainstream materials adopted in the static fiber adsorption scheme due to the characteristics of low cost, easy processing and excellent static performance.
On the other hand, although different polymer materials have different electrostatic properties, most polymer materials are naturally negatively charged, which also results in that the fiber materials currently used for purifying air particle pollutants are all negatively charged fibers, although for neutral pollution particles, both positive and negative charges can achieve the electrostatic adsorption effect, and the performance has no difference, but in some use environments, such as an atmosphere containing a large amount of negative ion substances in the air, the positively charged fiber filter material has a better adsorption effect than the traditional negatively charged fibers.
Chitin fibers are natural polymer fibers extracted from shells of shrimps, crabs and the like, and are widely concerned in scientific research and industry in recent years. Although the chitin fiber has been successfully applied in the fields of biological medicine, antibacterial and deodorant, etc., such as antibacterial and deodorant cashmere composite fiber disclosed in chinese patent CN105040144A, it is rarely reported that the chitin fiber is applied to the purification and filtration of air particle pollutants, such as PM10, PM2.5, etc., for example, an indoor air purification and elimination coating disclosed in chinese patent CN106311172A uses chitin fiber as one of the raw materials, and a multifunctional material bag for deodorizing, sterilizing, purifying and health care is disclosed in chinese patent CN204505977U, and a chitin fiber layer is also used for partial air purification. In addition, conventional air purification products such as filter cloth, filter screens, anti-haze masks, air purifier filter elements and the like are not directly reported to adopt chitin fibers.
The main reasons that the chitin fiber cannot be effectively applied to the field of air purification at present are two, firstly, the preparation of the fiber is more complex than that of a common polymer fiber, and the cost is higher; secondly, the pure chitin fiber has poorer processability and mechanical properties than the traditional polymer fiber, and devices such as non-woven fabrics woven by the pure chitin fiber are difficult to prepare and use and have poor durability. If the scheme of blending with other fibers is adopted, positive and negative charges are offset, and the fibers with different polarities attract each other, so that the adsorption effect is weakened, and the air purification application design purpose is not met.
Therefore, the research on a filter material prepared by blending chitin fibers and non-woven fabric fibers modified by surface positive charges and used for filtering and purifying air particle pollutants is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a scheme for further weaving the mixed fiber obtained by performing surface positive charge modification treatment on the commercial high non-woven fabric fiber and then blending with the chitin fiber to obtain the air purification filter material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants is prepared by blending, rolling and blending 15-75% by mass of chitin fibers and 25-85% by mass of non-woven fabric fibers subjected to surface positive charge modification according to a common process.
Further, the diameter of the chitin fiber is 0.2-100 microns.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: experiments prove that the chitin fiber with the diameter of 0.2-100 microns is within the reasonable diameter size range of the chitin fiber, the chitin fiber with the diameter of less than 0.2 microns is too thin and difficult to process, the chitin fiber with the diameter of more than 100 microns has insufficient mechanical strength, too thick fiber, insufficient specific surface area and poor adsorption performance.
Further, the non-woven fabric fiber subjected to surface positive charge modification is obtained by modifying the non-woven fabric fiber by a solution dip dyeing method, and the specific operation is as follows:
1) taking a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.5-40%;
2) soaking the non-woven fabric fibers in the cationic modifier aqueous solution obtained in the step 1) for 0.5-12 hours, and then drying at 50-200 ℃ to obtain the non-woven fabric fibers with surface positive charge modification.
Further, the cationic surfactant is one or more of acrylamide, amine salt type cationic surfactant, quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant, heterocyclic type cationic surfactant and xanthate type cationic surfactant.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: the modification of the cationic surfactant is a key step of enabling the surface of the fiber to have positive charges in the technical invention, and different cationic surfactants have great weather resistance difference to different environments, so that different types of cationic surfactants should be reasonably selected according to different use environments and purification targets to obtain better effects and improve the stability of the material.
Further, the non-woven fabric fiber is one of polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, nylon fiber, spandex fiber, acrylic fiber and polylactic acid fiber; the diameter of the non-woven fabric is 0.2-100 microns.
Adopt above-mentioned further beneficial effect to lie in: the fiber base materials can become filter fibers with positive charges on the surfaces after being subjected to surface modification by the cationic active agent, but the processing, the performance and the use environment of different fibers are greatly different, so that different types of fiber base materials are reasonably selected according to different use environments and purification targets to obtain better effects and improve the stability of the material; experiments prove that the diameter of 0.2-100 microns is within the reasonable size range of the fibers, the diameter is less than 0.2 micron, the fibers are too thin and difficult to process, the mechanical strength is insufficient, the diameter is more than 100 microns, the fibers are too thick, the specific surface area is insufficient, and the adsorption performance is poor.
Compared with the non-woven fabric filter fiber in the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the chitin fiber molecular structure adopted by the invention contains unsaturated cationic groups, so that the blended filter material has a strong adsorption effect on various harmful substances with negative charges, and further has excellent antibacterial and deodorizing functions; the product prepared by the invention has positive charge surface static electricity, can be used for purifying common electrically neutral air particle pollutants, can also be used in the environment containing a large amount of negative ion substances in the air, is used for filtering negatively charged particle pollutants, has better adsorption effect, has the characteristics of biodegradability, environmental protection and no pollution, and has excellent industrialization prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a SEM photograph of a product of example 1 of the present invention
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A blending filter material for purifying air particle pollutants:
taking 30-micron-diameter polypropylene staple fibers, and carrying out surface positive charge modification according to the following steps:
(1) soaking and washing the polypropylene staple fibers to remove surface impurities;
(2) taking sodium didodecyl hydroxypropyl quaternary ammonium as a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10%;
(3) and (3) soaking the polypropylene short fiber in the solution prepared in the step (2) for 12 hours, taking out and drying.
The obtained positive charge polypropylene fiber is mixed with chitin fiber with the diameter of 30 microns according to the mass ratio of 70:30, blended fiber is prepared through a blending and rolling process, the obtained fiber is prepared into air purification filter cloth according to a blended non-woven fabric preparation process, and the whole system has positive static charge on the surface and is suitable for filtering and purifying electronegative particle pollutants in air.
Example 2
Blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants
Taking 10-micron-diameter polyester fiber, and carrying out surface positive charge modification according to the following steps:
(1) soaking and washing the polyester fiber to remove surface impurities;
(2) taking acrylamide as a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 15%;
(3) and (3) soaking the polyester fibers in the solution prepared in the step (2) for 9 hours, taking out and drying.
The obtained positive charge polyester fiber is mixed with chitin fiber with the diameter of 0.9 micron according to the mass ratio of 80:20, blended fiber is prepared through a blending and rolling process, the obtained fiber is prepared into air purification filter cloth according to a blended non-woven fabric preparation process, and the whole system has positive static charge on the surface and is suitable for filtering and purifying electronegative particle pollutants in air.
Example 3
Blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants
Taking nylon fiber with the diameter of 80 microns, and carrying out surface positive charge modification according to the following steps:
(1) soaking and washing nylon fiber to remove surface impurities;
(2) taking bis-tetrabutylammonium chloride as a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 8%;
(3) soaking nylon fibers in the solution prepared in the step (2) for 10 hours, taking out and drying;
the obtained positive charge nylon fiber is mixed with chitin fiber with the diameter of 30 microns according to the mass ratio of 85:15, blended fiber is prepared through a blending and rolling process, the obtained fiber is prepared into air purification filter cloth according to a blended non-woven fabric preparation process, and the whole system has positive static charge on the surface and is suitable for filtering and purifying electronegative particle pollutants in air.
Example 4
Blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants
Taking spandex fiber with the diameter of 15 microns, and carrying out surface positive charge modification according to the following steps:
(1) soaking and washing spandex fibers to remove surface impurities;
(2) taking didodecyl hydroxypropyl quaternary ammonium sodium as a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 20%;
(3) soaking spandex fibers in the solution prepared in the step (2) for 4 hours, taking out and drying;
the obtained positive charge spandex fiber is mixed with chitin fiber with the diameter of 15 micrometers according to the mass ratio of 40:60, blended fiber is prepared through a blending and rolling process, the obtained fiber is prepared into air purification filter cloth according to a blended non-woven fabric preparation process, and the whole system has positive static charge on the surface and is suitable for filtering and purifying electronegative particle pollutants in air.
Example 5
Blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants
Taking acrylic fiber with the diameter of 5 microns, and carrying out surface positive charge modification according to the following steps:
(1) washing acrylic fiber to remove surface impurities;
(2) taking phenanthroline sodium salt as a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier water solution with the mass percentage concentration of 5%;
(3) and (3) soaking the acrylic fibers in the solution prepared in the step (2) for 12 hours, taking out and drying.
The obtained positive charge acrylic fiber is mixed with chitin fiber with the diameter of 0.8 micron according to the mass ratio of 25:75, blended fiber is prepared through a blending and rolling process, the obtained fiber is prepared into air purification filter cloth according to a blended non-woven fabric preparation process, and the whole system has positive static charge on the surface and is suitable for filtering and purifying electronegative particle pollutants in air.
Example 6
Blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants
Taking 10-micron-diameter polylactic acid fiber, and carrying out surface positive charge modification according to the following steps:
(1) soaking and washing the polylactic acid fiber to remove surface impurities;
(2) taking sodium dodecyl tertiary amine as a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 18%;
(3) and (3) soaking the polylactic acid fiber in the solution prepared in the step (2) for 6 hours, taking out and drying.
The obtained positive charge polylactic acid fiber is mixed with chitin fiber with the diameter of 5 microns according to the mass ratio of 50:50, blended fibers are prepared through a blending and rolling process, the obtained fibers are prepared into air purification filter cloth according to a blended non-woven fabric preparation process, and the whole system has positive static charges on the surface and is suitable for filtering and purifying electronegative particle pollutants in air.
Example 7
A blending filter material for purifying air particle pollutants:
taking 30-micron-diameter polypropylene staple fibers, and carrying out surface positive charge modification according to the following steps:
(1) soaking and washing the polypropylene staple fibers to remove surface impurities;
(2) taking didodecyl hydroxypropyl quaternary ammonium sodium and phenanthroline sodium hydrochloride as cationic surfactants, wherein the molar ratio of the didodecyl hydroxypropyl quaternary ammonium sodium to the phenanthroline sodium hydrochloride is 1: 1 preparing a cationic modifier aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 10%;
(3) and (3) soaking the polypropylene short fiber in the solution prepared in the step (2) for 12 hours, taking out and drying.
The obtained positive charge polypropylene fiber is mixed with chitin fiber with the diameter of 30 microns according to the mass ratio of 70:30, blended fiber is prepared through a blending and rolling process, the obtained fiber is prepared into air purification filter cloth according to a blended non-woven fabric preparation process, and the whole system has positive static charge on the surface and is suitable for filtering and purifying electronegative particle pollutants in air.
Test examples
The blended filter material prepared in the embodiments 1 to 7 of the invention is subjected to a PM2.5 particle pollutant filtering test in an indoor artificial haze environment, and is compared with a common polypropylene fiber filter cloth, the test is set to two scenes, namely a common haze scene, and an anion humidifier is placed indoors, so that pollutant particles are negatively charged, other detection elements refer to the GB2626-2006 standard, ten samples are tested by each group of materials to obtain an error range, and the disposable filtering efficiency test result of the particle pollutants is as follows:
| kind of material | General haze Environment | Negative ion haze environment |
| Example 1 | 73±5% | 85±5% |
| Example 2 | 69±2% | 82±2% |
| Example 3 | 65±2% | 71±2% |
| Example 4 | 78±3% | 89±4% |
| Example 5 | 74±3% | 83±3% |
| Example 6 | 73±5% | 81±2% |
| Example 7 | 77±4% | 91±3% |
| Comparative reference group-common polypropylene fibers | 71±3% | 59±4% |
Remarking: the two materials both accord with the KN95 standard specified by GB2626-2006, and in the experiment, under the condition that the components and the concentration of the pollution particulate matters are the same as those of GB2626-2006, the detection air flow is set to be 150L/min and is higher than 85L/min of the test standard, so the filtering efficiency does not reach 95 percent, and the experimental condition is adopted to visually differentiate the filtering effect.
As can be seen from the table, the two fibers have basically similar filtering effects in the common haze environment, but the blended fiber has obviously better effect than the common polypropylene fiber in the negative ion haze environment. There is also a large performance difference from examples 1-7 due to the different fiber types, fiber sizes, and cationic surfactant selection, with some combinations showing significant performance loss, as in example 3, due to the need to sacrifice some of the filtration performance for other advantages for different use environments or filtration objectives, as well as cost considerations, which was not reflected in the above tests, but overall, the performance of the examples shown in this invention shows superior performance over conventional polypropylene fibers.
In addition, the attached drawing shows that after different fibers are blended, a certain distance is kept between the fibers due to the repulsion action of the same charges, so that the fibers have the characteristics of good air flow permeability and effective adsorption on particle pollutants, and the adsorption effect of the fibers is improved.
Claims (5)
1. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants is characterized by being prepared by blending, rolling and blending 15-75 mass% of chitin fibers and 25-85 mass% of non-woven fabric fibers subjected to surface positive charge modification.
2. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the chitin fiber is 0.2-100 microns.
3. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-woven fabric fiber modified by positive charges on the surface is obtained by modifying the non-woven fabric fiber by a solution dip-dyeing method, and the specific operations are as follows:
1) taking a cationic surfactant, and preparing a cationic modifier solution with the mass percentage concentration of 0.5-40%;
2) soaking the non-woven fabric fibers in the cationic modifier solution obtained in the step 1) for 0.5-12 hours, and then drying at the temperature of 50-200 ℃ to obtain the non-woven fabric fibers with surface positive charge modification.
4. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cationic surfactant is one or more of acrylamide, amine salt type cationic surfactant, quaternary ammonium salt type cationic surfactant, heterocyclic type cationic surfactant and xanthate type cationic surfactant.
5. The blended filter material for purifying air particle pollutants as claimed in any one of claims 1, 3 and 4, wherein the non-woven fabric fiber is one of polyester fiber, polypropylene fiber, nylon fiber, spandex fiber, acrylic fiber and polylactic acid fiber;
the diameter of the non-woven fabric fiber is 0.2-100 microns.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113737570A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-03 | 南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司 | Glass fiber filter material with positive Zeta potential, preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10202025A (en) * | 1997-01-23 | 1998-08-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Air cleaning filter |
| US20010039879A1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-11-15 | Chapman Rick L. | Charged filter media containing charge control agents |
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| CN113737570A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-03 | 南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司 | Glass fiber filter material with positive Zeta potential, preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200207 |