CN110752641A - Charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit and overcurrent protection method thereof - Google Patents
Charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit and overcurrent protection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit and a method, wherein the circuit comprises an internal resistance sensing module, and the internal resistance sensing module is used for sensing the total internal resistance of a serial charging and discharging switching tube according to a preset proportion in a charging and discharging state; the voltage selection module is connected with the internal resistance sensing module, switches different links according to the voltage gating switch to be connected with the internal resistance sensing module, outputs charging detection voltage and charging reference voltage in a charging state, and outputs discharging detection voltage and discharging reference voltage in a discharging state; the overcurrent signal generating module is connected with the voltage selecting module and switches different inputs according to the input gating switch so as to compare the charging detection voltage with the charging reference voltage in the charging state and generate a charging overcurrent protection signal according to a comparison result; and comparing the discharge detection voltage with the discharge reference voltage in a discharge state and generating a discharge overcurrent protection signal according to a comparison result. The invention solves the problems caused by the use of the precision resistor R0 in the conventional battery protection system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery charging and discharging technology, in particular to a charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit and an overcurrent protection method thereof.
Background
At present, batteries are more and more widely applied, and the market capacity of the batteries ranges from portable devices such as mobile phones, personal wearable systems, GPS (global positioning system), toys and the like to gas meters needing to continuously store data, and reaches hundreds of millions of batteries per month. In order to prevent the battery from being damaged due to abnormal conditions such as excessive charging current and excessive discharging current, it is usually necessary to provide battery overcurrent protection to prevent the battery from being damaged due to abnormal and excessive current.
The existing charging and discharging overcurrent battery protection system is generally shown in fig. 1 and is mainly realized by a control IC, an external discharging switch tube MD, a charging switch tube MC and a precision resistor R0; when a PK +/PK-end is connected with a charger to normally charge the battery, both MD and MC are in a conducting state, and when the control IC detects that the charging voltage and current are abnormal, the MC is controlled to be switched off to terminate charging; when a PK +/PK-end access load discharges the battery normally, both MD and MC are in a conducting state, and when the control IC detects that the discharge voltage and current are abnormal, the MD is controlled to be switched off to terminate the discharge.
In order to realize accurate charging and discharging overcurrent protection, in the prior art, a R0 precision resistor is used in the battery protection system shown in fig. 1 to be connected in series into the whole large current path to induce large current in a charging and discharging loop. Meanwhile, the R0 precision resistor is usually in practical use, the resistance value is very small, usually 2m Ω, and a customer also uses a 1m Ω resistor, so that the small resistance value greatly improves the welding process of the resistor and the design requirements of the PCB circuit board, if welding is abnormal or the design is not considered, the contact resistance of the R0 precision resistor is too large, and the precision of the precision resistor is seriously affected, so that the problems of insufficient precision of protection current, heating of the PCB and the like are caused.
Along with the requirements of large capacity and large current of portable equipment (such as a 5G mobile phone), the difference between the normal large-current charging and discharging current value and the overcurrent protection threshold value is smaller and smaller; compared with the traditional 3G or 4G mobile phone, the method has the advantages that new higher requirements are provided for the safety and the accuracy of a battery protection system; therefore, how to save a precision resistor, integrate a precise overcurrent protection function in a chip, and realize the precise charging and discharging overcurrent protection function of a battery in the charging and discharging processes at low cost is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by chip design technicians in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a charging/discharging overcurrent protection circuit and an overcurrent protection method thereof, which solve the problems caused by the use of the precision resistor R0 in the conventional battery protection system.
In order to achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a charge and discharge overcurrent protection circuit, including:
the internal resistance sensing module is connected to two ends of a charging switch tube and a discharging switch tube which are connected in series in the battery protection system and used for sensing the total internal resistance of the charging switch tube and the discharging switch tube which are connected in series according to a preset proportion when the battery is in a charging state; when the battery is in a discharging state, sensing the total internal resistance of the serial charging switch tube and the serial discharging switch tube according to a preset proportion;
a voltage selection module connected with the internal resistance induction module and used for switching different links according to a voltage gating switch to be connected with the internal resistance induction module, to output a charge detection voltage and a charge reference voltage when the battery is in a charged state, to output a discharge detection voltage and a discharge reference voltage when the battery is in a discharged state, wherein the charging detection voltage is the voltage generated when the charging current flows through the charging switch tube and the discharging switch tube which are connected in series, the charging reference voltage is the sum of the voltage generated when the first bias current flows through the internal resistance sensing module and the voltage of the charging and discharging negative electrode end of the battery, the discharge detection voltage is the voltage generated when the discharge current flows through the charging switch tube and the discharge switch tube which are connected in series, the discharging reference voltage is generated when a second bias current flows through the internal resistance sensing module;
the overcurrent signal generating module is connected with the voltage selecting module and used for switching different inputs according to an input gating switch so as to compare the charging detection voltage with the charging reference voltage when the battery is in a charging state and generate a charging overcurrent protection signal when the charging detection voltage is not less than the charging reference voltage; and when the battery is in a discharging state, comparing the discharging detection voltage with the discharging reference voltage, and generating a discharging overcurrent protection signal when the discharging detection voltage is not less than the discharging reference voltage.
Optionally, the internal resistance sensing module includes: the charging switch tube comprises N charging internal resistance induction tubes connected in series and M discharging internal resistance induction tubes connected in series, wherein the N charging internal resistance induction tubes are connected with the charging switch tube; the width size ratio of the charging internal resistance sensing tube to the charging switch tube is 1/K1, the width size ratio of the discharging internal resistance sensing tube to the discharging switch tube is 1/K2, and N, M, K1 and K2 are positive numbers which are more than or equal to 1.
Optionally, the number of the charging internal resistance induction tubes is the same as that of the discharging internal resistance induction tubes.
Optionally, the width size ratio of the charging internal resistance induction tube to the charging switch tube is the same as the width size ratio of the discharging internal resistance induction tube to the discharging switch tube.
Optionally, the voltage selection module includes: a first voltage gating switch, a second voltage gating switch, a first bias current source and a second bias current source, wherein a fixed end of the first voltage gating switch is connected to the internal resistance sensing module, a first gating end of the first voltage gating switch is connected to one end of the first bias current source and serves as a first output end of the voltage selection module to output the charging reference voltage, a second gating end of the first voltage gating switch is grounded and serves as a second output end of the voltage selection module to output the charging detection voltage, the other end of the first bias current source is grounded, a fixed end of the second voltage gating switch is connected to the internal resistance sensing module, a first gating end of the second voltage gating switch is connected to one end of the second bias current source and serves as a third output end of the voltage selection module to output the discharging reference voltage, the second gating end of the second voltage gating switch is connected to the charge-discharge negative end of the battery and serves as the fourth output end of the voltage selection module to output the discharge detection voltage, and the other end of the second bias current source is grounded.
Optionally, the over-current signal generating module includes: the voltage selection module comprises a first input gating switch, a second input gating switch and a comparator, wherein the fixed end of the first input gating switch is connected to the first input end of the comparator, the first gating end of the first input gating switch is connected to the second output end of the voltage selection module, the second gating end of the first input gating switch is connected to the third output end of the voltage selection module, the fixed end of the second input gating switch is connected to the second input end of the comparator, the first gating end of the second input gating switch is connected to the first output end of the voltage selection module, the second gating end of the second input gating switch is connected to the fourth output end of the voltage selection module, and the output end of the comparator is used as the output end of the overcurrent signal generation module.
The invention also provides a charge and discharge overcurrent protection method realized by using the charge and discharge overcurrent protection circuit, which comprises the following steps:
when a battery is in a charging state, the internal resistance sensing module senses the total internal resistance of the serial charging switch tube and the serial discharging switch tube according to a preset proportion, the voltage selection module performs link switching based on a voltage gating switch to output the charging detection voltage and the charging reference voltage, and the overcurrent signal generation module performs input signal switching based on an input gating switch to compare the charging detection voltage and the charging reference voltage and generates a charging overcurrent protection signal when the charging detection voltage is not less than the charging reference voltage;
when the battery is in a discharging state, the internal resistance sensing module senses the total internal resistance of the serial charging switch tube and the serial discharging switch tube according to a preset proportion, the voltage selection module performs link switching based on a voltage gating switch to output the discharging detection voltage and the discharging reference voltage, and the overcurrent signal generation module performs input signal switching based on an input gating switch to compare the discharging detection voltage with the discharging reference voltage and generate a discharging overcurrent protection signal when the discharging detection voltage is not less than the discharging reference voltage.
Optionally, when the battery is in a charging and discharging state, the total internal resistance value Ron _ sns + M Ron _ MDsns ═ N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD sensed by the internal resistance sensing module; n is the number of the charging internal resistance induction tubes, M is the number of the discharging internal resistance induction tubes, Ron _ MCsns is the internal resistance of a single charging internal resistance induction tube, Ron _ MDsns is the internal resistance of a single discharging internal resistance induction tube, K1 is the width size proportion of the charging switch tube and the charging internal resistance induction tube, K2 is the width size proportion of the discharging switch tube and the discharging internal resistance induction tube, Ron _ MC is the internal resistance of the charging switch tube, and Ron _ MD is the internal resistance of the discharging switch tube.
Optionally, the charging reference voltage Vref _ C ═ ICset × Ron _ sns + VPK ═ ICset ═ N K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD) + VPK —, when the battery is in a charged state; when the battery is in a discharging state, the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D (IDset) Ron _ sns (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD) is IDset, wherein ICset is a current provided by a first bias current source, IDset is a current provided by a second bias current source, Ron _ sns is a total internal resistance sensed by the internal resistance sensing module, VPK-is a voltage of a charging and discharging negative terminal of the battery, N is the number of charging internal resistance sensing tubes, M is the number of discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, K1 is a width size ratio of the charging switching tube to the charging internal resistance sensing tubes, K2 is a width size ratio of the discharging switching tube to the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, Ron _ MC is an internal resistance of the charging switching tube, and Ron _ MD is an internal resistance of the discharging switching tube.
Optionally, when the battery is in a charging state, the charging overcurrent protection threshold IOverChg ═ ICset (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD)/(Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD); when the battery is in a discharge state, a discharge overcurrent protection threshold IOverDisChg (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD)/(Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD); ICset is the current provided by the first bias current source, IDset is the current provided by the second bias current source, N is the number of charging internal resistance sensing tubes, M is the number of discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, K1 is the width size ratio of the charging switch tube to the charging internal resistance sensing tubes, K2 is the width size ratio of the discharging switch tube to the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, Ron _ MC is the internal resistance of the charging switch tube, and Ron _ MD is the internal resistance of the discharging switch tube.
As described above, the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit and the overcurrent protection method thereof of the present invention can simultaneously detect the current in the charging process and the discharging process of the battery, thereby realizing overcurrent protection in the charging process and the discharging process; in the current detection process, the invention utilizes the working principle and the characteristics of the battery protection system (namely when large current is applied, the charging switch tube and the discharging switch tube which are connected in series in the battery protection system are always in a simultaneous conduction state), and the charging switch tube and the discharging switch tube which are connected in series are used as a whole for current detection, simultaneously, the internal resistance sensing module consisting of the charging internal resistance sensing tube and the discharging internal resistance sensing tube which are connected in series is used for accurately sensing different internal resistances of the serial charging and discharging switching tubes which are integrated on the same wafer due to factors such as driving voltage, temperature, process variation and the like, and a preset accurate built-in bias current flows through the internal resistance sensing module to generate a reference voltage as a comparison voltage for overcurrent detection, therefore, the amplitude of the detection voltage is multiplied, and the requirement of higher-precision current detection is convenient to realize; meanwhile, the same internal resistance sensing module is used in the charging and discharging states, and the current detection protection in the charging and discharging states is realized through switch switching and simple logic control, so that the chip area occupied by the internal resistance sensing module is greatly saved; in addition, the invention uses the internal resistance induction to replace the current induction, thereby further simplifying the design and saving the cost. In addition, in practical application, the internal resistance sensing module, the voltage selection module and the overcurrent signal generation module of the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit can be integrated with a charging and discharging switching tube in a battery protection system on the same wafer, so that the occupied space of a PCB (printed circuit board) is reduced, the integration level of the system is improved, and the production efficiency of the battery protection system is further improved. Therefore, the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit has the characteristics of high integration level, small occupied internal space of the battery, few peripheral devices, good performance, high precision and the like, and can better meet the requirement of high safety of the battery under the conditions of large capacity and large charging and discharging current of the battery at present.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional battery protection system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the charge and discharge overcurrent protection circuit according to the present invention in a charging state.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the charge and discharge overcurrent protection circuit according to the present invention in a discharge state.
Description of the element reference numerals
100 internal resistance sensing module
200 voltage selection module
300 overcurrent signal generating module
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Please refer to fig. 2 to 4. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the present embodiment are only schematic and illustrate the basic idea of the present invention, and although the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed arbitrarily, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides a charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit, which includes:
the internal resistance sensing module 100 is connected to two ends of a charging switching tube MC and a discharging switching tube MD which are connected in series in the battery protection system, and is used for sensing the total internal resistance of the charging switching tube MC and the discharging switching tube MD in series according to a preset proportion when a battery is in a charging state; when the battery is in a discharging state, sensing the total internal resistance of the serial charging switch tube MC and the serial discharging switch tube MD according to a preset proportion;
a voltage selection module 200 connected to the internal resistance sensing module 100 and configured to switch different links according to a voltage gating switch to connect with the internal resistance sensing module 100, so as to output a charge detection voltage VG and a charge reference voltage Vref _ C when the battery is in a charge state, and output a discharge detection voltage VPK-and a discharge reference voltage Vref _ D when the battery is in a discharge state, where the charge detection voltage VG is a voltage generated when a charge current flows through a serial charge switch tube MC and a discharge switch tube MD, the charge reference voltage Vref _ C is a sum of a voltage generated when a first bias current ICset flows through the internal resistance sensing module 100 and a voltage VPK-of a charge/discharge negative terminal of the battery, the discharge detection voltage VPK-is a voltage generated when a discharge current flows through the serial charge switch tube MC and the discharge switch tube MD, and the discharge reference voltage Vref _ D is a voltage generated when a second bias current IDset flows through the internal resistance sensing module 100 Voltage of (d);
an overcurrent signal generating module 300, connected to the voltage selecting module 200, for switching different inputs according to an input gating switch, so as to compare the charging detection voltage VG with the charging reference voltage Vref _ C when the battery is in a charging state, and generate a charging overcurrent protection signal when the charging detection voltage VG is not less than the charging reference voltage Vref _ C; and when the battery is in a discharging state, comparing the discharging detection voltage VPK & lt- & gt with the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D, and generating a discharging overcurrent protection signal when the discharging detection voltage VPK & lt- & gt is not less than the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D.
In this example, the first bias current ICset is a current provided by a first bias current source, and the magnitude of the current is related to a charging overcurrent protection threshold; the second bias current IDset is the current provided by the second bias current source, and the magnitude of the second bias current IDset is related to the discharge overcurrent protection threshold value.
As an example, as shown in fig. 2, the internal resistance sensing module 100 includes: n charging internal resistance sensing tubes MCsns connected in series to the charging switching tube MC and M discharging internal resistance sensing tubes MDsns connected in series to the discharging switching tube MD, wherein the charging internal resistance sensing tubes MCsns and the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes MDsns are connected in series; the width dimension ratio of the charging internal resistance sensing tube MCsns to the charging switch tube MC is 1/K1, the width dimension ratio of the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MDsns to the discharging switch tube MD is 1/K2, and N, M, K1 and K2 are positive numbers which are more than or equal to 1.
In this example, when the battery is in a charging state, the charging switch tube MC and the discharging switch tube MD are both in a conducting state, and at this time, the charging internal resistance sensing tube MCsns is used for sensing the internal resistance of the charging switch tube MC, and the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MDsns is used for sensing the internal resistance of the discharging switch tube MD; when the battery is in a discharging state, the charging switch tube MC and the discharging switch tube MD are both in a conducting state, at this time, the charging internal resistance sensing tube MCsns is used for sensing the internal resistance of the charging switch tube MC, and the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MDsns is used for sensing the internal resistance of the discharging switch tube MD. It should be noted that, since the same internal resistance sensing module is used in the charging state and the discharging state of the battery, the preset proportion involved in the charging state and the preset proportion involved in the discharging state are the same and are both related to K1 and K2; in this example, the width dimension ratio of the charging internal resistance sensing tube MCsns to the charging switching tube MC is 1/K1, which means that the charging internal resistance sensing tube MCsns is reduced by K1 times in comparison with the width dimension of the charging switching tube MC, and the width dimension ratio of the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MDsns to the discharging switching tube MD is 1/K2, which means that the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MDsns is reduced by K2 times in comparison with the width dimension of the discharging switching tube MD; after the width of the MOS transistor is scaled down by K1 and K2 times, the related parameters (such as on-resistance) will be increased by K1 and K2 times, which are well known to those skilled in the art and therefore will not be described herein again. Optionally, in this example, the charging switch tube MC, the discharging switch tube MD, the charging internal resistance sensing tube MCsns, and the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MDsns are all NMOS tubes.
Optionally, in this example, the number of the charging internal resistance sensing tubes MC _ sns and the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes MD _ sns is the same, that is, N ═ M; the width dimension ratio of the charging internal resistance sensing tube MC _ sns to the charging switch tube MC and the width dimension ratio of the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MD _ sns to the discharging switch tube MD are the same, namely K1-K2.
As an example, as shown in fig. 2, the voltage selection module 200 includes: a first voltage gating switch S11, a second voltage gating switch S12, a first bias current source and a second bias current source, wherein a fixed end of the first voltage gating switch S11 is connected to the internal resistance sensing module 100, a first gating end of the first voltage gating switch S11 is connected to one end of the first bias current source and is used as a first output end of the voltage selection module 200 to output the charging reference voltage Vref _ C, a second gating end of the first voltage gating switch S11 is grounded and is used as a second output end of the voltage selection module 200 to output the charging detection voltage VG, the other end of the first bias current source is grounded, a fixed end of the second voltage gating switch S12 is connected to the internal resistance sensing module 100, and a first gating end of the second voltage gating switch S12 is connected to one end of the second bias current source, meanwhile, the second output terminal of the second voltage gating switch S12 is connected to the battery charging/discharging negative terminal PK — and the fourth output terminal of the voltage selection module 200 is connected to the discharge detection voltage VPK — and the other terminal of the second bias current source is grounded.
In this example, when the battery is in a charging state, the fixed end of the first voltage gating switch S11 is connected to the first gating end thereof, and the fixed end of the second voltage gating switch S12 is connected to the second gating end thereof, so that the voltage selection module 200 outputs a charging detection voltage VG and a charging reference voltage Vref _ C (see fig. 3 in detail); when the battery is in a discharging state, the fixed end of the first voltage gating switch S11 is connected to the second gating end thereof, and the fixed end of the second voltage gating switch S12 is connected to the first gating end thereof, so that the voltage selection module 200 outputs a discharge detection voltage VPK-and a discharge reference voltage Vref _ D (see fig. 4 in detail).
As an example, as shown in fig. 2, the over-current signal generating module 300 includes: a first input gate switch S21, a second input gate switch S22, and a comparator CMP, wherein a fixed end of the first input gate switch S21 is connected to a first input terminal of the comparator CMP, a first gate terminal of the first input gate switch S21 is connected to a second output terminal of the voltage selection module 200, a second gate terminal of the first input gate switch S21 is connected to a third output terminal of the voltage selection module 200, a fixed end of the second input gate switch S22 is connected to a second input terminal of the comparator CMP, a first gate terminal of the second input gate switch S22 is connected to a first output terminal of the voltage selection module 200, a second gate terminal of the second input gate switch S22 is connected to a fourth output terminal of the voltage selection module 200, the output terminal of the comparator CMP is used as the output terminal of the over-current signal generating module 300.
In this example, when the battery is in a charging state, the first input terminal of the comparator CMP is connected to the second output terminal of the voltage selection module 200 (i.e. the charging detection voltage VG), and the second input terminal of the comparator CMP is connected to the first output terminal of the voltage selection module 200 (i.e. the charging reference voltage Vref _ C), so as to implement comparison between the charging detection voltage VG and the charging reference voltage Vref _ C, and generate a charging overcurrent protection signal when the charging detection voltage VG is not less than the charging reference voltage Vref _ C (specifically, refer to fig. 3); when the battery is in a discharging state, the first input terminal of the comparator CMP is connected to the third output terminal of the voltage selection module 200 (i.e., the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D), and the second input terminal of the comparator CMP is connected to the fourth output terminal of the voltage selection module 200 (i.e., the discharging detection voltage VPK-), so as to compare the discharging detection voltage VPK-with the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D, and generate a discharging overcurrent protection signal when the discharging detection voltage VPK-is not less than the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D (refer to fig. 4 in particular).
The embodiment also provides a charging and discharging overcurrent protection method implemented by using the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit, and the charging and discharging overcurrent protection method comprises the following steps:
when the battery is in a charging state, the internal resistance sensing module 100 senses the total internal resistance of the serial charging switch tube MC and the serial discharging switch tube MD according to a preset proportion, the voltage selection module 200 performs link switching based on a voltage gating switch to output the charging detection voltage VG and the charging reference voltage Vref _ C, the overcurrent signal generation module 300 performs input signal switching based on an input gating switch to compare the charging detection voltage VG with the charging reference voltage Vref _ C, and generates a charging overcurrent protection signal when the charging detection voltage VG is not less than the charging reference voltage Vref _ C;
when the battery is in a discharging state, the internal resistance sensing module 100 senses the total internal resistance of the serial charging switching tube MC and the serial discharging switching tube MD according to a preset proportion, the voltage selection module 200 performs link switching based on a voltage gating switch to output the discharging detection voltage VPK-and the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D, and the overcurrent signal generation module 300 performs input signal switching based on an input gating switch to compare the discharging detection voltage VPK-with the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D and generate a discharging overcurrent protection signal when the discharging detection voltage VPK-is not less than the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D.
As an example, when the battery is in a charging and discharging state, the total internal resistance value Ron _ sns + M _ Ron _ MDsns induced by the internal resistance induction module 100 is N _ sn _ MCsns + M _ Ron _ MDsns is N K1 × Ron _ MC + M K2 × Ron _ MD; n is the number of the charging internal resistance induction tubes, M is the number of the discharging internal resistance induction tubes, Ron _ MCsns is the internal resistance of a single charging internal resistance induction tube, Ron _ MDsns is the internal resistance of a single discharging internal resistance induction tube, K1 is the width size proportion of the charging switch tube and the charging internal resistance induction tube, K2 is the width size proportion of the discharging switch tube and the discharging internal resistance induction tube, Ron _ MC is the internal resistance of the charging switch tube, and Ron _ MD is the internal resistance of the discharging switch tube.
Specifically, when the battery is in a charging state or a discharging state, the charging switching tube MC and the discharging switching tube MD are both in a conducting state, and at this time, the charging internal resistance sensing tube MCsns is used for sensing the internal resistance of the charging switching tube MC, and the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MDsns is used for sensing the internal resistance of the discharging switching tube MD, wherein the sensing internal resistance of the N charging internal resistance sensing tubes MCsns is N _ Ron _ MCsns — N K1 Ron _ MC, and the sensing internal resistance of the M discharging internal resistance sensing tubes MDsns is M _ Ron _ MCsns + M _ MDsns — M _ K2 Ron _ MD, so that the total internal resistance Ron _ sns sensed by the internal resistance sensing module 100 is N _ Ron _ MCsns + M _ Ron _ msns — N — M — N — M — r β + M — r β N — M.
As an example, when the battery is in a charged state, the charging reference voltage Vref _ C ═ ICset × Ron _ sns + VPK ═ ICset ═ N × K1 ═ Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD) + VPK —; when the battery is in a discharging state, the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D (IDset) Ron _ sns (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD) is IDset, wherein ICset is a current provided by a first bias current source, IDset is a current provided by a second bias current source, Ron _ sns is a total internal resistance sensed by the internal resistance sensing module, VPK-is a voltage of a charging and discharging negative terminal of the battery, N is the number of charging internal resistance sensing tubes, M is the number of discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, K1 is a width size ratio of the charging switching tube to the charging internal resistance sensing tubes, K2 is a width size ratio of the discharging switching tube to the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, Ron _ MC is an internal resistance of the charging switching tube, and Ron _ MD is an internal resistance of the discharging switching tube.
As an example, when the battery is in a charged state, the charge overcurrent protection threshold IOverChg ═ ICset (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD)/(Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD); when the battery is in a discharge state, a discharge overcurrent protection threshold IOverDisChg (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD)/(Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD); ICset is the current provided by the first bias current source, IDset is the current provided by the second bias current source, N is the number of charging internal resistance sensing tubes, M is the number of discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, K1 is the width size ratio of the charging switch tube to the charging internal resistance sensing tubes, K2 is the width size ratio of the discharging switch tube to the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, Ron _ MC is the internal resistance of the charging switch tube, and Ron _ MD is the internal resistance of the discharging switch tube. Optionally, in this example, the number of the charging internal resistance sensing tubes MC _ sns is the same as that of the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes MD _ sns, that is, N ═ M; the width size proportion of the charging internal resistance sensing tube MC _ sns and the width size proportion of the discharging internal resistance sensing tube MD _ sns and the discharging switching tube MD are the same, namely K1-K2; at this time, the charging overcurrent protection threshold IOverChg ═ ICset × N × K1 ═ ICset × M × K2, and the discharging overcurrent protection threshold IOverChg ═ IDset × N ═ K1 ═ IDset × M × K2.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, when the battery is in a charged state, the charge detection voltage VG is 0, and the charge reference voltage Vref _ C is ICset × Ron _ sns + VPK — set (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD) + VPK —; in a charging state, when the sum of a voltage drop VPK generated when a charging current flows through the charging switch tube MC and the discharging switch tube MD and a voltage generated when a first bias current ICset provided by a first bias current source flows through the internal resistance sensing module 100 is equal to a charging detection voltage VG, that is, when Vref _ C is VG is 0, the overcurrent signal generating module 300 outputs a charging overcurrent protection signal; that is, when the set (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD) + VPK — 0, where VPK — VG — IOverChg (Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD), i.e., the set (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 Ron _ MD) ═ IOverChg (Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD), the overcurrent signal generating module 300 outputs the charging overcurrent protection signal, and the charging overcurrent protection threshold ioverg is set (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M K2 × Ron _ MD)/(Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD). When N is M and K1 is K2, the charging overcurrent protection threshold IOverChg is ICset N K1 is ICset M2; at this time, the charging overcurrent protection threshold is only related to the bias current ICset provided by the first bias current source, the number N of the charging internal resistance sensing tubes and the width size ratio K1 of the charging switching tubes and the charging internal resistance sensing tubes or is only related to the bias current ICset provided by the first bias current source, the number M of the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes and the width size ratio K2 of the discharging switching tubes and the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes.
As shown in fig. 4, when the battery is in a discharge state, the discharge reference voltage is Vref _ D ═ IDset × Ron _ sns ═ IDset (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD); in a discharging state, when a voltage drop VPK-generated when a discharging current flows through the charging switch tube MC and the discharging switch tube MD is equal to Vref _ D, the overcurrent signal generating module 300 outputs a discharging overcurrent protection signal; that is, when VPK ═ Vref _ D, i.e., IOverDisChg ═ (Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD) ═ IDset (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD), the overcurrent signal generation module 300 outputs the discharge overcurrent protection signal, and at this time, the discharge overcurrent protection threshold IOverDisChg ═ IDset (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD)/(Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD). When N is M and K1 is K2, the discharge overcurrent protection threshold ioverdiscchg is IDset N K1 is IDset M2; at this time, the discharging overcurrent protection threshold is only related to the bias current IDset provided by the second bias current source, the number N of the charging internal resistance sensing tubes and the width size ratio K1 of the charging switching tubes and the charging internal resistance sensing tubes or is only related to the bias current ICset provided by the first bias current source, the number M of the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes and the width size ratio K2 of the discharging switching tubes and the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes.
It can be seen that, because the bias current provided by the bias current source is easy to realize high precision in the integrated circuit design, such as control to 3% precision, even trimming after packaging is completed to realize precision within 1%, and the size ratio of the charging and discharging switch tube and the corresponding charging and discharging internal resistance induction tube can realize precision of 2% on the same chip; therefore, the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit can achieve a charging overcurrent protection threshold value within 5% of accuracy.
In summary, the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit and the overcurrent protection method thereof can simultaneously detect the current in the charging process and the discharging process of the battery, and realize overcurrent protection in the charging process and the discharging process; in the current detection process, the invention utilizes the working principle and the characteristics of the battery protection system (namely when large current is applied, the charging switch tube and the discharging switch tube which are connected in series in the battery protection system are always in a simultaneous conduction state), and the charging switch tube and the discharging switch tube which are connected in series are used as a whole for current detection, simultaneously, the internal resistance sensing module consisting of the charging internal resistance sensing tube and the discharging internal resistance sensing tube which are connected in series is used for accurately sensing different internal resistances of the serial charging and discharging switching tubes which are integrated on the same wafer due to factors such as driving voltage, temperature, process variation and the like, and a preset accurate built-in bias current flows through the internal resistance sensing module to generate a reference voltage as a comparison voltage for overcurrent detection, therefore, the amplitude of the detection voltage is multiplied, and the requirement of higher-precision current detection is convenient to realize; meanwhile, the same internal resistance sensing module is used in the charging and discharging states, and the current detection protection in the charging and discharging states is realized through switch switching and simple logic control, so that the chip area occupied by the internal resistance sensing module is greatly saved; in addition, the invention uses the internal resistance induction to replace the current induction, thereby further simplifying the design and saving the cost. In addition, in practical application, the internal resistance sensing module, the voltage selection module and the overcurrent signal generation module of the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit can be integrated with a charging and discharging switching tube in a battery protection system on the same wafer, so that the occupied space of a PCB (printed circuit board) is reduced, the integration level of the system is improved, and the production efficiency of the battery protection system is further improved. Therefore, the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit has the characteristics of high integration level, small occupied internal space of the battery, few peripheral devices, good performance, high precision and the like, and can better meet the requirement of high safety of the battery under the conditions of large capacity and large charging and discharging current of the battery at present. Therefore, the invention effectively overcomes various defects in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit is characterized by comprising:
the internal resistance sensing module is connected to two ends of a charging switch tube and a discharging switch tube which are connected in series in the battery protection system and used for sensing the total internal resistance of the charging switch tube and the discharging switch tube which are connected in series according to a preset proportion when the battery is in a charging state; when the battery is in a discharging state, sensing the total internal resistance of the serial charging switch tube and the serial discharging switch tube according to a preset proportion;
a voltage selection module connected with the internal resistance induction module and used for switching different links according to a voltage gating switch to be connected with the internal resistance induction module, to output a charge detection voltage and a charge reference voltage when the battery is in a charged state, to output a discharge detection voltage and a discharge reference voltage when the battery is in a discharged state, wherein the charging detection voltage is the voltage generated when the charging current flows through the charging switch tube and the discharging switch tube which are connected in series, the charging reference voltage is the sum of the voltage generated when the first bias current flows through the internal resistance sensing module and the voltage of the charging and discharging negative electrode end of the battery, the discharge detection voltage is the voltage generated when the discharge current flows through the charging switch tube and the discharge switch tube which are connected in series, the discharging reference voltage is generated when a second bias current flows through the internal resistance sensing module;
the overcurrent signal generating module is connected with the voltage selecting module and used for switching different inputs according to an input gating switch so as to compare the charging detection voltage with the charging reference voltage when the battery is in a charging state and generate a charging overcurrent protection signal when the charging detection voltage is not less than the charging reference voltage; and when the battery is in a discharging state, comparing the discharging detection voltage with the discharging reference voltage, and generating a discharging overcurrent protection signal when the discharging detection voltage is not less than the discharging reference voltage.
2. The charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the internal resistance sensing module comprises: the charging switch tube comprises N charging internal resistance induction tubes connected in series and M discharging internal resistance induction tubes connected in series, wherein the N charging internal resistance induction tubes are connected with the charging switch tube; the width size ratio of the charging internal resistance sensing tube to the charging switch tube is 1/K1, the width size ratio of the discharging internal resistance sensing tube to the discharging switch tube is 1/K2, and N, M, K1 and K2 are positive numbers which are more than or equal to 1.
3. The charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the number of the charging internal resistance induction tubes is the same as the number of the discharging internal resistance induction tubes.
4. The charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit according to claim 3, wherein a width dimension ratio of the charging internal resistance sensing tube to the charging switching tube is the same as a width dimension ratio of the discharging internal resistance sensing tube to the discharging switching tube.
5. The charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the voltage selection module comprises: a first voltage gating switch, a second voltage gating switch, a first bias current source and a second bias current source, wherein a fixed end of the first voltage gating switch is connected to the internal resistance sensing module, a first gating end of the first voltage gating switch is connected to one end of the first bias current source and serves as a first output end of the voltage selection module to output the charging reference voltage, a second gating end of the first voltage gating switch is grounded and serves as a second output end of the voltage selection module to output the charging detection voltage, the other end of the first bias current source is grounded, a fixed end of the second voltage gating switch is connected to the internal resistance sensing module, a first gating end of the second voltage gating switch is connected to one end of the second bias current source and serves as a third output end of the voltage selection module to output the discharging reference voltage, the second gating end of the second voltage gating switch is connected to the charge-discharge negative end of the battery and serves as the fourth output end of the voltage selection module to output the discharge detection voltage, and the other end of the second bias current source is grounded.
6. The charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit of claim 1, wherein the overcurrent signal generation module comprises: the voltage selection module comprises a first input gating switch, a second input gating switch and a comparator, wherein the fixed end of the first input gating switch is connected to the first input end of the comparator, the first gating end of the first input gating switch is connected to the second output end of the voltage selection module, the second gating end of the first input gating switch is connected to the third output end of the voltage selection module, the fixed end of the second input gating switch is connected to the second input end of the comparator, the first gating end of the second input gating switch is connected to the first output end of the voltage selection module, the second gating end of the second input gating switch is connected to the fourth output end of the voltage selection module, and the output end of the comparator is used as the output end of the overcurrent signal generation module.
7. A charging and discharging overcurrent protection method implemented by using the charging and discharging overcurrent protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising:
when a battery is in a charging state, the internal resistance sensing module senses the total internal resistance of the serial charging switch tube and the serial discharging switch tube according to a preset proportion, the voltage selection module performs link switching based on a voltage gating switch to output the charging detection voltage and the charging reference voltage, and the overcurrent signal generation module performs input signal switching based on an input gating switch to compare the charging detection voltage and the charging reference voltage and generates a charging overcurrent protection signal when the charging detection voltage is not less than the charging reference voltage;
when the battery is in a discharging state, the internal resistance sensing module senses the total internal resistance of the serial charging switch tube and the serial discharging switch tube according to a preset proportion, the voltage selection module performs link switching based on a voltage gating switch to output the discharging detection voltage and the discharging reference voltage, and the overcurrent signal generation module performs input signal switching based on an input gating switch to compare the discharging detection voltage with the discharging reference voltage and generate a discharging overcurrent protection signal when the discharging detection voltage is not less than the discharging reference voltage.
8. The charge-discharge overcurrent protection method according to claim 7, wherein when the battery is in a charge state and a discharge state, the total internal resistance value Ron _ sns + M Ron _ MDsns-N K1 Ron _ MC + M2 Ron _ MD; n is the number of the charging internal resistance induction tubes, M is the number of the discharging internal resistance induction tubes, Ron _ MCsns is the internal resistance of a single charging internal resistance induction tube, Ron _ MDsns is the internal resistance of a single discharging internal resistance induction tube, K1 is the width size proportion of the charging switch tube and the charging internal resistance induction tube, K2 is the width size proportion of the discharging switch tube and the discharging internal resistance induction tube, Ron _ MC is the internal resistance of the charging switch tube, and Ron _ MD is the internal resistance of the discharging switch tube.
9. The charging and discharging overcurrent protection method according to claim 7, wherein the charging reference voltage Vref _ C is set (ICset) Ron _ sns + VPK — set (N K1) Ron _ MC + M K2) Ron _ MD) + VPK "when the battery is in a charged state; when the battery is in a discharging state, the discharging reference voltage Vref _ D (IDset) Ron _ sns (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD) is IDset, wherein ICset is a current provided by a first bias current source, IDset is a current provided by a second bias current source, Ron _ sns is a total internal resistance sensed by the internal resistance sensing module, VPK-is a voltage of a charging and discharging negative terminal of the battery, N is the number of charging internal resistance sensing tubes, M is the number of discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, K1 is a width size ratio of the charging switching tube to the charging internal resistance sensing tubes, K2 is a width size ratio of the discharging switching tube to the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, Ron _ MC is an internal resistance of the charging switching tube, and Ron _ MD is an internal resistance of the discharging switching tube.
10. The charge-discharge overcurrent protection method according to claim 7, wherein, when the battery is in a charged state, the charge overcurrent protection threshold IOverChg (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD)/(Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD); when the battery is in a discharge state, a discharge overcurrent protection threshold IOverDisChg (N × K1 × Ron _ MC + M × K2 × Ron _ MD)/(Ron _ MC + Ron _ MD); ICset is the current provided by the first bias current source, IDset is the current provided by the second bias current source, N is the number of charging internal resistance sensing tubes, M is the number of discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, K1 is the width size ratio of the charging switch tube to the charging internal resistance sensing tubes, K2 is the width size ratio of the discharging switch tube to the discharging internal resistance sensing tubes, Ron _ MC is the internal resistance of the charging switch tube, and Ron _ MD is the internal resistance of the discharging switch tube.
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| CN201911095415.0A CN110752641B (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2019-11-11 | Charge-discharge overcurrent protection circuit and overcurrent protection method thereof |
| US17/776,212 US20230065691A1 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-07-14 | Charging/discharging overcurrent protection circuit and overcurrent protection method therefor |
| PCT/CN2020/101926 WO2021093357A1 (en) | 2019-11-11 | 2020-07-14 | Charging/discharging overcurrent protection circuit and overcurrent protection method therefor |
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