CN110749709A - 一种黄桃脆片质地检测的方法 - Google Patents

一种黄桃脆片质地检测的方法 Download PDF

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CN110749709A
CN110749709A CN201810822746.9A CN201810822746A CN110749709A CN 110749709 A CN110749709 A CN 110749709A CN 201810822746 A CN201810822746 A CN 201810822746A CN 110749709 A CN110749709 A CN 110749709A
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潘磊庆
曹念念
吕灵雪
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种检测黄桃脆片质地的方法,属于食品质地研究领域。本方法对黄桃脆片样品进行穿刺测试,得到样品应力‑时间曲线,计算出最大力Fm(g)、最大力处的斜率G(g/s)即可分别表示黄桃脆片的硬度和脆度,并通过感官评分对黄桃脆片硬度和脆度进行质地分级。本方法可以快速、准确的检测黄桃脆片质地特征,同时优化了探头组合,避免了探头选择的繁琐、耗时耗力。

Description

一种黄桃脆片质地检测的方法
技术领域
本发明属于食品质地研究领域,尤其涉及一种基于质构仪检测黄桃脆片质地的方法。
背景技术
黄桃营养丰富,具有大量的维生素C和人体所需纤维素、胡萝卜素、番茄黄素、红素及多种硒、铁等微量元素。黄桃脆片在保持原有风味的基础上能最大限度保持黄桃的营养物质,还有口感酥脆、易于贮藏等优势,但在包装或贮藏不当时,黄桃脆片极易受潮,从而影响黄桃脆片原本的酥脆感,降低了产品的使用价值。随着人们生活水平的提高和生活节奏的加快,需要一种快速且高效的检测黄桃脆片硬度和脆度的方法。
黄桃脆片的硬度和脆度大小与其酥脆质地密切相关。质地的评定主要有感官检测和仪器检测。感官检测主观性强,易受检测人员的喜好、情绪、灵敏度等影响,不能保证检测的准确性和稳定性。仪器检测有声学检测和力学检测,声学检测要求环境相对安静,实际检测中较难达到这种要求,力学检测可以很好避免感官检测和声学检测的弊端。力学检测可利用质构仪来测定,由于适用于黄桃脆片质地测定的质构仪探头型号多种多样,目前还没发现公开报道比较统一的脆片质地检测方法,故本发明对脆片质地检测具有实际指导意义,可提高脆片的市场竞争力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在感官检测和仪器检测的基础上,从8种质构仪探头组合中确定一种与感官检测结果最一致的探头型号,以及从6种质构指标中确定能代表黄桃脆片质地的指标。采用该方法可以准确快速的检测黄桃脆片硬度和脆度,并进行质地分级。
本发明实施方式包括如下步骤:
1)黄桃脆片样品处理:随机挑选黄桃脆片样品,用小型切割机切割成表面平整、厚度为7mm的样品,再将样品切成两半,一半进行感官测定,一半进行仪器测定;
2)黄桃脆片硬度和脆度的感官测定:明确黄桃脆片硬度和脆度的定义并制定评分表,由黄桃脆片感官评定专家组成评定组,对黄桃脆片样品的硬度、脆度质地进行感官评定;
3)黄桃脆片硬度和脆度的质构仪测定:分别运用质构仪单次压缩、三点弯曲、穿刺方法,对黄桃脆片的硬度和脆度进行量值表达;
4)运用SPSS18.0统计软件,进行Pearson相关性分析和聚类分析。
本发明为黄桃脆片的质地检测起到一定的借鉴作用,也可以引申到各种果蔬脆片的质地检测。传统感官检测耗时耗力,而且易受感官评价员情绪、嗜好、检测环境影响,而质构仪检测中不存在这些问题。在筛选出的10个感官评价员感官检测基础上,结合多种质构仪探头型号和多种质构检测指标,可快速准确的检测和反映出脆片的质地特征。
附图说明
图1:采用的8种质构仪探头组合
图2:利用HDP/CFS脆性支撑台与P0.25S球形探头进行穿刺测试得到的应力-时间曲线
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的描述:
1)黄桃脆片样品处理:随机挑选黄桃脆片样品,用小型切割机切割成表面平整、厚度为7mm的样品,再将样品切成两半,一半进行感官检测,一半进行质构仪检测。用于质构仪检测的黄桃脆片进行一定的预处理:采用单次压缩法检测的黄桃脆片,该部分样品用小型切割机切割成20×20×7mm;采用三点弯曲法检测的黄桃脆片,该部分样品用小型切割机切割成40×20×7mm;采用穿刺法检测的黄桃脆片,该部分样品无需进一步处理。
2)黄桃脆片硬度和脆度的感官测定:首先进行感官评价员的筛选,按照国标GB/T16291.1-2012《感官分析选拔、培训与管理评价员一般导则》,选择10位受过专业训练的食品学院学生组成感官评定小组。再进行产品质地感官评价词的定义,根据陈梦玲等编著的《食品感官评价项目化教程》,描述固体物质口感的词汇,结合黄桃脆片质地特点,筛选出适用于黄桃脆片的硬度和脆度定义(如表1所示)。最后建立感官评分标准,每个样品用三位随机数编号(韩北忠等主编的《食品感官评价》,附录3随机数表);采用弱(0)到强(10)的直线标度法衡量打分(如表2所示)。
表1黄桃脆片质地特性感官评分标准
Figure BSA0000167714250000031
表2黄桃脆片感官评价打分表
Figure BSA0000167714250000032
3)黄桃脆片硬度和脆度的质构仪测定:分别采用质构仪单次压缩、三点弯曲和穿刺测试,其中选用6种探头组合进行穿刺测试,对黄桃脆片的硬度和脆度进行量值表达。具体的参数设置如下:
单次压缩测试,所用的探头型号是HDP/50;该部分样品用小型切割机切割成20×20×7mm,参数设置为测前、测试、测后速度分别为2.00、1.00、10.00mm/s,目标模式为距离,压缩距离为3.00mm,触发方式为自动,触发力为5.0g。
三点弯曲测试,所用的探头型号是HDP/3PB;该部分样品用小型切割机切割成40×20×7mm;参数设置为测前、测试、测后速度分别为2.00、1.00、10.00mm/s,下压距离为10.00mm,触发方式为自动,触发力为5.0g。
穿刺测试,所用的探头组成分别有HDP/90带孔平板+P0.25S、HDP/90带孔平板+P2、HDP/90带孔平板+P6、HDP/CFS脆性支撑台+P0.25S、HDP/CFS脆性支撑台+P2、HDP/CFS脆性支撑台+P6;该部分样品无需进一步处理;参数设置均为测前、测试、测后速度分别为2.00、1.00、10.00mm/s,穿刺距离为10.00mm,触发方式为自动,触发力为5.0g。
4)黄桃脆片机械特性参数的计算:黄桃脆片质构测定过程中,黄桃脆片未被测试探头压破前,在压力作用下产生一定变形,随着压强值逐渐上升(AB段),到达峰值压强(B点),此处压强用Fm表示。从测试探头接触到黄桃脆片(A点)至测试探头压强达到峰值的时间为黄桃脆片的最大变形量所需时间,记为T1,此处的压强的变化程度(斜率),记为G,面积记为A1。当测试探头压破黄桃脆片(B点)后,测得压强迅速下降到C点,到达C点的时间记为T2,面积记为A2
5)运用SPSS18.0统计软件进行Pearson相关性分析。黄桃脆片质构仪测定的机械特性参数如表3所示。
表3机械特性参数
Figure BSA0000167714250000041
表4基于仪器测定和感官硬度的Pearson相关性
Figure BSA0000167714250000042
Figure BSA0000167714250000051
注:**P<0.01,*P<0.05。
由表4可知,HDP/CFS-P0.25S探头组合测定结果与感官硬度的相关性最高,且计算的机械特性参数Fm与感官硬度成正显著相关,相关系数达0.889。其中,利用HDP/50、HDP/90-P0.25S探头测定的机械特性参数Fm,G与感官硬度的相关性也较高,但单次压缩试验中需要样品大小一致,而实际生产中脆片的大小形状较难保持一致,需要对黄桃脆片进行前处理才能进行单次压缩试验,不利于实际操作,其他探头组合测定结果与感官硬度结果的相关性均较低。因此,适用于黄桃脆片硬度测定的质构仪探头组合为HDP/CFS-P0.25S,感官硬度可用机械特性参数Fm表示。
表5基于仪器测定和感官脆度的Pearson相关性
Figure BSA0000167714250000052
注:**P<0.01,*P<0.05。
由表5可知,HDP/CFS-P0.25S探头组合测定结果与感官脆度的相关性最高,且计算的机械特性参数G与感官脆度成正显著相关,相关系数达0.849,而其他探头组合测定结果与感官脆度的相关性都不高。由此表明,适用于黄桃脆片脆度测定的探头组合是HDP/CFS-P0.25S,感官脆度可用机械特性参数G表示。
6)黄桃脆片品质评价分级状况
表6黄桃脆片质地等级适宜性
Figure BSA0000167714250000053
Figure BSA0000167714250000061
表6中,硬度值和脆度值均小时(硬度≤2646.28g且脆度≤1962.12g/s),即酥脆度很好,为特等品;硬度值和脆度值较大时(2646.28g<硬度<4016.92g且1962.12g/s<脆度<3921.45g/s),即酥脆度一般,为一等品;硬度值和脆度值均大时(硬度≥4016.92g且脆度≥3921.45g/s),即酥脆度不好,为二等品。

Claims (2)

1.一种黄桃脆片质地的检测方法,其特征包含以下步骤:
1)用小型切割机将黄桃脆片切割成表面平整,厚度为7mm的样品;
2)质构仪探头为P0.25S球形探头,底座为HDP/CFS脆性支撑台,各项参数设置:测量模式为压缩模式,测前、测试、测后速度分别为2.00、1.00、10.00mm/s,穿刺距离为10.00mm,触发方式为自动,触发力为5.0g;
3)黄桃脆片样品置于HDP/CFS脆性支撑台中间,用P0.25S球形探头进行穿刺测试,得到样品应力-时间曲线;
4)根据应力-时间曲线,计算出穿刺过程中的最大力Fm和达到最大力处的斜率G,黄桃脆片硬度值用最大力Fm表示,脆度值用斜率G表示。
5)结合感官评分对所述黄桃脆片样品进行质地分级,按照对黄桃脆片硬度和脆度综合评分从高到低的顺序,即酥脆度从强到弱,分为特等品、一等品、二等品。
6)黄桃脆片质地分级标准为:
Figure FSA0000167714240000011
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种黄桃脆片质地的检测方法,其特征在于:所用质构仪型号为英国Stable Micro Systems公司TA-XT Plus型;HDP/CFS脆性支撑台长100mm、宽90mm和厚9mm,中间是一个外径30mm、内径20mm和高25mm的中空圆柱;P0.25S球形探头为不锈钢材质,直径6.35mm和全长59.14mm。
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CN111650055A (zh) * 2020-06-02 2020-09-11 军事科学院系统工程研究院军需工程技术研究所 一种低离散度的压缩干粮硬度测定方法
CN115097085A (zh) * 2022-07-14 2022-09-23 西北农林科技大学 一种苹果果实脆度分级方法
CN117668663A (zh) * 2023-12-12 2024-03-08 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 一种基于质构仪与人工神经网络的胡萝卜肉质根脆度测定与等级预测方法

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