CN110749424A - Absolute spectral response calibration system and calibration method for optical charge coupled device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an absolute spectral response calibration system and a calibration method for an optical charge coupled device, belonging to the technical field of calibration of optical charge coupled devices.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of calibration of optical charge coupled devices, and particularly relates to an absolute spectral response calibration system and a calibration method of an optical charge coupled device.
Background
The optical charge coupled device (CCD for short) has the advantages of high surface uniformity, low system noise, high recording speed, high reliability and the like, has become the most important experimental image reading and recording equipment in the field of scientific research, and is often coupled with equipment such as an optical imaging system, a spectrometer, an optical streak tube and the like to carry out precise experimental research. The absolute spectral response curve is an important characteristic of the optical CCD, and information such as light source absolute intensity, spectrum absolute brightness and the like can be obtained in an experiment through precise calibration of absolute spectral response, so that the application of the CCD in the field of scientific research is greatly expanded, and the quantification capability of the CCD is improved.
Based on the specific requirements, the establishment of the CCD spectral response absolute calibration system and method has important significance. At present, a home and abroad calibration system mainly comprises six parts, namely a visible light stable light source, a spectrometer, an integrating sphere, an optical power meter, a control platform, a device to be calibrated (namely a CCD) and the like, as shown in figure 1. During calibration, a white light source is monochromized by selecting a specific wavelength through a spectrometer, and then enters an integrating sphere system for space uniform-sliding treatment, so that monochromatic light with uniform radiance is generated on a CCD recording surface at an output port of the integrating sphere. The power density of the monochromatic light is obtained through an optical power meter arranged at other outlets of the integrating sphere, and the spectral response of the device under the specific wavelength is finally obtained by combining the CCD counting intensity. The difficulty of the calibration system and method lies in that: firstly, the structure and the composition of a calibration system are complex, the use of a spectrometer and an integrating sphere leads the overall cost of the system to be higher, and the popularity of the system is limited to a certain extent; secondly, the optical power density of the measuring position of the optical power meter and the power density of the CCD panel probably have certain difference, the difference is related to the size and the performance of the integrating sphere, and the difference possibly caused by the integrating sphere with more compact volume is larger, so that certain influence is caused on the precision of a calibration result.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at various defects in the prior art, in order to solve the problems, a calibration system and a calibration method for absolute spectral response of an optical charge coupled device are provided, which are simple in structure, stable and reliable, simplify the structural design and reduce the cost on the premise of verifying the data quality.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an absolute spectral response calibration system of an optical charge coupled device sequentially comprises the following components along the transmission path of light rays:
the standard integrating sphere light source comprises an integrating sphere and a standard light source, light emitted by the standard light source enters the integrating sphere through an incident port on the integrating sphere, and the light is diffused and reflected inside the integrating sphere and then is emitted through a light outlet;
the band-pass filter rotating wheel is positioned at the light outlet and comprises a plurality of filters, the centers of the plurality of filters are positioned on the same circumference, and the central axis of the light outlet is tangent to the circumference where the centers of the filters are positioned;
and the light-transmitting port and the light-emitting port of the CCD to be calibrated are correspondingly arranged.
Further, the standard light source is a stable and continuous visible light source, and the spectral range of the standard light source covers a visible light wave band in a range of 380nm to 780 nm.
Further, the inner wall of the integrating sphere is coated with a diffuse reflection layer.
Further, the diffuse reflection layer material is inorganic salt and modified material thereof or polyfluoro plastic and modified material thereof.
Further, the band-pass filter sheet rotating wheel comprises a shell and a filter sheet rotating wheel, the filter sheet is located on the filter sheet rotating wheel, and the filter sheet rotating wheel can rotate relative to the shell.
Furthermore, both sides of the shell are provided with light path through holes, and the light path through hole close to one side of the light outlet is communicated with the light outlet through a light transmitting cylinder to form a calibration light path.
Further, the diameter of the light-passing cylinder is not smaller than that of the light-emitting port, the diameter of the light-passing cylinder is the same as that of the light path through hole, and the central axis of the light-passing cylinder coincides with that of the light-emitting port.
Furthermore, when the filter disc rotating wheel is rotated, only one filter disc is arranged on the calibration light path, and the size of the filter disc is matched with the size of the light through port of the CCD to be calibrated.
In addition, the invention also provides a calibration method of the calibration system for the absolute spectral response of the optical charge coupled device, which comprises the following steps:
s1: rotating the rotating wheel of the band-pass filter to enable the centers of the filter to be aligned with the centers of the light path through holes one by one;
s2: integrating to obtain ideal counting intensity of each filter disc under specific light intensity, and adding 2% of random noise in the ideal counting intensity to serve as the counting intensity of the CCD to be calibrated output by each filter disc;
s3: and obtaining a spectral response function curve of the CCD to be calibrated according to a spectrum solution method through the counting intensity of the CCD to be calibrated output by each filter disc.
Furthermore, the exposure time of each filter is kept the same, meanwhile, the central wavelength of each filter covers the wavelength range of the standard light source and has no completely contained relationship, and the transmittance of each filter is kept consistent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for resolving the spectrum by using the plurality of the filters effectively reduces the requirement on monochromization of the light source system in the calibration of the spectral response of the CCD to be calibrated, can realize the function of combining the spectrometer and the integrating sphere by using the combination of the plurality of the filters, simplifies the structure and the cost of the calibration system, has simple, convenient and efficient calibration method and stable and reliable performance, can shorten the calibration time to a greater extent, and improves the experimental efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional calibration system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a band-pass filter rotor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the filter wheel;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the surface uniformity of the integrating sphere with different light outlet sizes within a specific working distance, wherein the abscissa shows the distance d from the light outlet to the light-transmitting port of the CCD to be calibrated, the unit is cm, and the ordinate shows the irradiation uniformity;
FIG. 6 is a spectral distribution plot of the radiant power density at the exit of the light outlet in the second example, with the abscissa representing wavelength in nm and the ordinate representing radiant intensity in w/cm2/nm；
FIG. 7 is a graph of the transmittance of the filter of example two, with the wavelength in nm on the abscissa and the transmittance on the ordinate;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the known spectral response function for setting the CCD to be calibrated in example two, with the wavelength in nm on the abscissa and the spectral response in w/cm on the ordinate2/nm；
FIG. 9 is a graph of spectral response function of a CCD to be calibrated obtained according to the spectrum solving method in example two, wherein the abscissa represents wavelength in nm and the ordinate represents spectral response in w/cm2/nm；
FIG. 10 is a graph of the transmittance of the filter of example three, with wavelength in nm on the abscissa and transmittance on the ordinate;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the spectral response function of the CCD to be calibrated obtained according to the spectrum solving method in example three, the abscissa represents the wavelength in nm, and the ordinate represents the spectral response in w/cm2/nm；
FIG. 12 is a graph of the transmittance of the filter of example four, with wavelength in nm on the abscissa and transmittance on the ordinate;
FIG. 13 is a graph of the spectral response function of the CCD to be calibrated obtained according to the spectrum solving method in example four, the abscissa represents the wavelength in nm, and the ordinate represents the spectral response in w/cm2/nm。
In the drawings: 1-visible light stable light source, 2-spectrometer, 3-integrating sphere of existing calibration system, 4-optical power meter, 5-to-be-calibrated device, 6-standard light source, 7-integrating sphere, 8-light outlet, 9-light-passing cylinder, 10-shell, 11-filter rotating wheel, 12-to-be-calibrated CCD, 13-bracket and 14-light-path through hole.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the following description of the technical solutions of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings of the present invention is made clearly and completely, and other similar embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the present application. In addition, directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. in the following embodiments are directions with reference to the drawings only, and thus, the directional terms are used for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 2, the system for calibrating absolute spectral response of optical charge coupled device comprises a standard integrating sphere light source, a band-pass filter rotating wheel and a CCD12 to be calibrated in sequence along the transmission path of light.
Specifically, the standard integrating sphere light source comprises an integrating sphere 7 and a standard light source 6, light emitted by the standard light source 6 enters the integrating sphere 7 through an entrance port on the integrating sphere 7, and the light is diffused and reflected inside the integrating sphere 7 and then exits through a light exit port 8. The standard light source 6 is a stable and continuous visible light source, such as a bromine tungsten lamp, and the spectral range of the standard light source covers a visible light wave band in a range of 380nm to 780nm so as to be used for calibrating the spectral response of the CCD12 to be calibrated under different wavelengths. Meanwhile, the standard light source 6 is connected with a power supply with high stability so as to ensure that the output light power at the light outlet 8 is stable during calibration. The inner wall of the integrating sphere 7 is coated with a diffuse reflection layer to ensure that surface irradiation with uniform spatial distribution is generated near the position of the light outlet 8. The diffuse reflection layer is made of inorganic salt and modified materials thereof or polyfluoro plastics and modified materials thereof, and barium sulfate or polytetrafluoroethylene is preferred.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the filter wheel is located at the light exit opening 8 and comprises a housing 10 and a filter wheel 11. The housing 10 is connected to a support 13, the filter wheel 11 is located inside the housing 10, and the filter wheel 11 is rotatably connected to the support 13 through a rotating shaft, that is, the filter wheel 11 can rotate relative to the housing 10. As shown in fig. 4, a plurality of filter sheets 15 are disposed on the filter sheet rotating wheel 11, centers of the plurality of filter sheets 15 are located on the same circumference, and a central axis of the light outlet 8 is tangent to the circumference where the center of the filter sheet 15 is located. The selection standard of the filter 15 is that the central wavelength of each filter covers the wavelength range of the standard light source 6 as much as possible (namely the calibration wavelength range) and does not need to have a complete inclusion relationship, so that the phenomenon that the resolution spectrums are not self-consistent due to the introduction of errors among measurement results during spectrum resolution is avoided. Meanwhile, the transmittance of each filter 15 should be kept consistent or close to each other, so as to avoid the problem that different channels generate large counting difference within the same integration time, and light passes through the filter 15 to form channels.
Both sides of the shell 10 are provided with light path through holes 14, the light path through hole 14 near one side of the light outlet 8 is communicated with the light outlet 8 through a light-passing cylinder 9 to form a calibration light path, that is, light emitted from the light outlet 8 is incident to the filter rotating wheel 11 through the light-passing cylinder 9. Meanwhile, the central axis of the light path through hole 14 is tangent to the circumference of the center of the filter 15. Preferably, the housing 10 includes a front wall and a rear wall which are connected in an encapsulating manner, and both the front wall and the rear wall are made of metal, so as to reduce stray light which may be transmitted through other channels during calibration, and meanwhile, the inner wall of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 is made of a low-reflection light-absorbing material, so that the influence of secondary reflection on surface uniformity is reduced to the maximum extent. The diameter of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 is not less than that of the light-emitting port 8, the diameter of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 is the same as that of the light path through hole 14, and the central axis of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 coincides with that of the light-emitting port 8.
The light-passing port of the CCD12 to be calibrated is arranged corresponding to the light-emitting port 8. When the filter disc rotating wheel 11 is rotated, only one filter disc 15 is arranged on the calibration light path, and the size of the filter disc 15 is matched with the size of the light through opening of the CCD12 to be calibrated. In addition, the thickness of the rotating wheel of the band-pass filter sheet is required to be as thin as possible, the thickness of the rotating wheel of the band-pass filter sheet can be controlled to be 1-1.5 cm and is far smaller than the distance between the light outlet 8 and the light through opening of the CCD to be calibrated, so that the distance between the light through opening of the CCD12 to be calibrated and the outlet of the light through barrel 9 is relatively short, and the output intensity consistent with the light power value calibrated by the outlet of the light through barrel 9 is obtained.
As shown in fig. 2, the diameter of the light exit 8 is 2R, the working distance from the light exit 8 to the CCD light transmission port to be calibrated is d, and the size of the CCD light transmission port to be calibrated is 2R. The size of the light exit 8 is mainly determined by the surface uniformity requirement. For an optical CCD, its typical area array is single-side 1024 or 2048 pixel units, the length of the corresponding pixel unit is about 13.5 μm, and the overall size of the light-transmitting opening is about 2 r-2.5 cm. Meanwhile, most band-pass optical filters have the delivery standard specification of 2.5cm, can be mutually compatible, and effectively control the size of the integrating sphere and the overall cost of the system. The inner diameter of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 is not less than the dimension of the CCD light-transmitting opening to be calibrated, and the length of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 is influenced by the working distance d. The analysis of the irradiation uniformity of the integrating sphere 7 is obtained by means of a view angle analysis, for directions respectively
And
s1 and S2, assuming that the sampling points on the two planes are p, respectively1And p2The contribution of the source plane to the emitted flux on the receiving plane
From this equation, FIG. 5 shows the surface uniformity of an integrating sphere for different exit opening sizes over a particular working distance. Taking the opening diameter 2R of 5cm as an example, it can be seen that in order to generate uniform irradiation with a diameter 2R of 2.5cm which is superior to 95%, the distance between the light outlet 8 and the CCD light-passing opening to be calibrated needs to satisfy d>7 cm; when the opening diameter 2R is 7cm, the working distance needs to satisfy d in order to achieve uniform irradiation under the same conditions>5.6 cm; when the opening diameter 2R is 10cm, the requirement of uniform irradiation can be satisfied at any working position, and at this time, the limitation on the light-transmitting tube 9 is minimum.
Considering the requirement of spectrum solution in the post-treatment of calibration experiment, the number of the filter sheets 15 is preferably 6, as shown in FIG. 4. The filter 15 is arranged at the filter holes which are allThe filter disc rotating wheel 11 is uniformly distributed, the included angle of adjacent filter disc holes is 60 degrees, the center distance of the adjacent filter disc holes is not smaller than the sum of the radius of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 and the radius of the filter disc 15, and the radius of the filter disc rotating wheel 11 is not smaller than the sum of the diameter of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 and the radius of the filter disc 15, so that the central shaft of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 can coincide with the central shaft of the filter disc 15 during installation. Taking the diameter of the light-transmitting cylinder 9 as 5cm as an example, the diameter of the filter 15 is 2.5cm, and the diameter of the filter rotor 11 is not less than 12.5 cm. Most of the spectral response of the visible light CCD can cover the range of 380-780 nm, the selection of the filter 15 can be carried out according to the principle of uniform distribution, and the filter combination with the central wavelengths of 400nm, 470nm, 540nm, 610nm, 680nm and 750nm is adopted. It is further considered that most white light sources have spectra with Planck spectral emission intensity I (λ, T) with brightness temperatures around 3000K. Therefore, the selection of the bandwidth width 2 Δ λ of filter 15 should follow the flux of the different channels
(I ═ 1, 2.., 6) in the linear range of the CCD, formula I (λ @)iT) represents the light source with a brightness temperature T at a wavelength lambdaiThe power density of the emission spectrum, B (lambda)i) Representing the signal path as λ0- Δ λ to λ0The total transmitted power density between + Δ λ. Taking a channel with a uniform bandwidth of 80nm as an example, the relative luminous fluxes of the channel at each central wavelength are respectively 11, 4.3, 2.3, 1.5, 1.2 and 1, that is, the maximum flux is 11 times of the minimum flux, which can meet the requirement of the linear range of the CCD. In actual calibration, the configuration of the filter 15 may be optimized according to actual requirements, for example, the number of the filters 15 may be increased within a local band, so as to achieve the purpose of fine characterization of spectral response.
Example two:
parts of this embodiment that are the same as those of the first embodiment are not described again, except that:
the standard light source 6 adopts a stable and continuous visible light source as input, the brightness temperature is 3000K, and the spectral range covers the range of 350nm to 800 nm. The diameter of the light outlet 8 of the integrating sphere is 5cm, and the power density near the light outlet 8 is 1.5w/cm2. According to the spectral distribution, the light at the position of the light outlet 8 can be obtainedSpectral power density distribution, as shown in fig. 6. The filter 15 is calibrated by 6 channels, the central wavelength and the bandwidth are respectively selected to be 400 +/-40 nm, 470 +/-40 nm, 540 +/-40 nm, 610 +/-40 nm, 680 +/-40 nm and 750 +/-40 nm, and the transmittance curve of the filter 15 is shown in figure 7.
During calibration, the exposure time of each channel is kept the same, and the filter wheel 11 is rotated so that the centers of the filters 15 are aligned with the centers of the optical path through holes 14 one by one. The known spectral response function curve of the CCD12 to be calibrated when calculating the counts of the CCD12 to be calibrated for the different channels is shown in fig. 8. The ideal channel count has the following relationship with the spectral power, transmittance coefficient and spectral response function:wherein N isiRepresenting the counting intensity of the ith channel and having a wavelength interval of λi- Δ λ to λiBetween + Δ λ, B (λ, T) represents the spectral power, TR (λ) represents the transmittance associated with wavelength λ, SR (λ) represents the system spectral response function, NnoiseRepresenting the noise term contribution during calibration. The ideal counting intensity of each channel under a specific light intensity is obtained one by one through integration, and simultaneously, 2% of random noise is added to the ideal intensity to be used as single-channel output intensity. Through the counting intensity of the to-be-calibrated CCD12 corresponding to each filter 15, a spectral response function curve of the to-be-calibrated CCD12 is obtained according to a spectrum solution method, as shown in fig. 9, a black solid line is an ideal spectral response, and a black dotted line is a system spectral response after the system is reversely solved. As can be seen from fig. 9, the spectral response reduction degree is very high, the reduction rate of data of each channel can be approximately 1, and the relative error of the spectrum-resolving result of the system after the random error of the system is considered can be 1.02%.
Example three:
parts of this embodiment that are the same as the embodiment are not described again, except that:
the central wavelength and bandwidth of the filter 15 are selected to be 400 + -20 nm, 470 + -50 nm, 540 + -30 nm, 610 + -40 nm, 680 + -30 nm and 750 + -30 nm, respectively, and the transmittance curve of the filter 15 is shown in FIG. 10.
The spectral response function curve of the CCD12 to be calibrated is obtained according to the spectrum solving method, as shown in fig. 11, in which the solid black line is the ideal spectral response and the dashed black line is the system spectral response after the system inverse solution. As can be seen from fig. 11, the spectral response reduction degree is very high, the reduction rate of data of each channel can be approximately 1, and the relative error of the spectrum-resolving result of the system after the random error of the system is considered can be 0.82%.
Example four:
parts of this embodiment that are the same as the embodiment are not described again, except that:
the central wavelength and bandwidth of the filter 15 are respectively selected to be 410 + -30 nm, 490 + -50 nm, 560 + -30 nm, 600 + -20 nm, 650 + -25 nm and 750 + -30 nm, and the transmittance curve of the filter 15 is shown in FIG. 12.
The spectral response function curve of the CCD12 to be calibrated is obtained according to the spectrum solving method, as shown in fig. 13, in which the solid black line is the ideal spectral response and the dashed black line is the system spectral response after the system inverse solution. As can be seen from fig. 11, the spectral response reduction degree is very high, the reduction rate of data of each channel can be approximately 1, and the relative error of the spectrum-resolving result of the system after the random error of the system is considered can be 1.2%.
The present invention has been described in detail, and it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An absolute spectral response calibration system of an optical charge coupled device is characterized by sequentially comprising the following components along a transmission path of light rays:
the standard integrating sphere light source comprises an integrating sphere and a standard light source, light emitted by the standard light source enters the integrating sphere through an incident port on the integrating sphere, and the light is diffused and reflected inside the integrating sphere and then is emitted through a light outlet;
the band-pass filter rotating wheel is positioned at the light outlet and comprises a plurality of filters, the centers of the plurality of filters are positioned on the same circumference, and the central axis of the light outlet is tangent to the circumference where the centers of the filters are positioned;
and the light-transmitting port and the light-emitting port of the CCD to be calibrated are correspondingly arranged.
2. The system for calibrating absolute spectral response of an optical charge-coupled device according to claim 1, wherein the standard light source is a stable continuous visible light source, and the spectral range of the standard light source covers a visible light band in a range of 380nm to 780 nm.
3. The system for calibrating absolute spectral response of an optical charge-coupled device according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the integrating sphere is coated with a diffuse reflection layer.
4. The system for calibrating absolute spectral response of an optical charge coupled device according to claim 3, wherein the material of the diffuse reflection layer is inorganic salt and its modified material or polyfluoro plastic and its modified material.
5. The system for calibrating absolute spectral response of an optical charge-coupled device according to any of claims 2-4, wherein the band-pass filter wheel comprises a housing and a filter wheel, the filter is disposed on the filter wheel, and the filter wheel is rotatable relative to the housing.
6. The system for calibrating absolute spectral response of an optical charge-coupled device according to claim 5, wherein the housing has light path through holes on both sides thereof, and the light path through hole on the side close to the light outlet is communicated with the light outlet through a light transmitting tube to form a calibration light path.
7. The system for calibrating absolute spectral response of an optical charge-coupled device according to claim 6, wherein the diameter of the light-transmitting cylinder is not smaller than the diameter of the light-emitting port, the diameter of the light-transmitting cylinder is the same as the diameter of the light-path through hole, and the central axis of the light-transmitting cylinder coincides with the central axis of the light-emitting port.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein when the filter wheel is rotated, there is only one filter on the calibration optical path, and the size of the filter matches the size of the CCD light port to be calibrated.
9. A calibration method using the system for calibrating absolute spectral response of an optical charge-coupled device according to claim 8, comprising the steps of:
s1: rotating the rotating wheel of the band-pass filter to enable the centers of the filter to be aligned with the centers of the light path through holes one by one;
s2: integrating to obtain ideal counting intensity of each filter disc under specific light intensity, and adding 2% of random noise in the ideal counting intensity to serve as the counting intensity of the CCD to be calibrated output by each filter disc;
s3: and obtaining a spectral response function curve of the CCD to be calibrated according to a spectrum solution method through the counting intensity of the CCD to be calibrated output by each filter disc.
10. The calibration method according to claim 9, wherein the exposure time of each filter is kept the same, and meanwhile, the central wavelength of each filter covers the wavelength range of the standard light source and has no completely contained relationship, and the transmittance of each filter is kept consistent.
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| CN111811786A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-10-23 | 深圳市路美康尔医疗科技有限公司 | Exposure intensity calibration method for ultraviolet disinfection cabinet |
| CN111982814A (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2020-11-24 | 合肥泰禾光电科技股份有限公司 | Spectrometer wavelength calibration device |
| CN113108908A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Relative spectral response measuring device and method of broadband imaging sensor |
| WO2021208349A1 (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2021-10-21 | 杭州远方光电信息股份有限公司 | Integrating sphere photometer spectral response measurement method and system |
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