CN110749280B - Method, system and computer readable medium for extracting index coordinates of peak position - Google Patents
Method, system and computer readable medium for extracting index coordinates of peak position Download PDFInfo
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
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- G01J1/10—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter by comparison with reference light or electric value provisionally void
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J9/00—Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a system and a computer readable medium for extracting a peak position index coordinate, which utilize an optical measurement system to obtain a normalized discrete unimodal signal, utilize a preset intensity threshold value T to obtain the intercepted discrete unimodal signal, calculate a dynamic threshold value of the intercepted discrete unimodal signal and filter the normalized discrete unimodal signal to obtain a new normalized intercepted unimodal signal, thereby realizing the rapid and accurate positioning of the peak position index coordinate of the normalized discrete unimodal signal and improving the measurement accuracy of the optical measurement system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of optical measurement, and particularly relates to a method and a system for extracting a peak position index coordinate and a computer readable medium.
Background
It is known that in many optical precision measurement technologies, such as confocal microscope, dispersive confocal microscope, laser triangulation sensor, starry sky detection, Hartmann Shack (Shack-Hartmann) wavefront sensor, and biological macromolecule positioning, a single-dimensional or two-dimensional single-peak signal is collected by a detector, such as a linear array detector or an area array detector, and the measurement precision in the above measurement technology is directly related to the positioning precision of the peak position index coordinates of the single-peak signal.
In the confocal microscopic measurement technology, a point light source is focused into a light spot on the surface of a measured object through a confocal objective lens and then returns along the original path, and light from an object signal is guided into a pinhole detector through a beam splitter; when the object is positioned on the focal plane of the objective lens, the light energy received by the detector is maximum; when the object deviates from the focal plane of the objective lens, the reflected light is focused at a certain position in front of or behind the pinhole, and the detector only receives a small part of light energy; therefore, the position of the object relative to the focal plane can be reflected by detecting the intensity change of the light intensity signal by the detector. When the object is scanned along the optical axis direction of the objective lens, different light intensities can be obtained at different scanning heights, wherein the optical axis scanning position is taken as an index coordinate, the corresponding pinhole detector intensity is intensity information, and the two intensities form a single-peak signal. In the measurement, the height of the measured position can be obtained by positioning the index coordinates of the peak position of the single-peak signal. As another example, in a Hartmann Shack (Shack-Hartmann) wavefront sensor, when a light beam is incident on the Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, a lenslet array on the sensor splits the light beam into a number of tiny sub-apertures. And each part of light waves are converged on the sub-aperture focus respectively after passing through the micro lens to form a sub-aperture light spot array image. When the incident light wave is an ideal plane wave, a group of uniformly distributed and regular light spot patterns, namely two-dimensional single-peak signals, are obtained on the focal point of the micro lens array; when the incident light wave has wavefront distortion, the array image obtained at the focal plane of the microlens array is not uniformly distributed any more, but has a certain deviation from the optical spot pattern of the ideal wavefront. The deviation is measured according to the peak position index coordinate of the two-dimensional unimodal signal, so the wavefront detection accuracy is directly limited by the peak position index coordinate positioning accuracy. For a two-dimensional unimodal signal, such as the speckle pattern mentioned above, there are two dimensions of index coordinates, which can represent pixel index values in two directions in one picture respectively.
The fast, accurate and reliable extraction of the peak position index coordinates of the one-dimensional unimodal signal directly affects the accuracy and reliability of the final measurement result and the measurement frequency, and requires that the peak position index coordinate algorithm has excellent peak performance (high accuracy and high reliability) and good calculation efficiency at the same time. Existing peak position index coordinate algorithms include the large value method (MPM), the center of gravity method (COM), the Parabolic Fitting Method (PFM), the Gaussian Fitting Method (GFM), and the sinc2 fitting method (SFM). The maximum value method (MPM) is very easy to be influenced by noise by directly selecting the spectral wavelength corresponding to the maximum point of light intensity as a peak value, but has very high calculation efficiency; the gravity center method (COM) has higher accuracy and reliability of peak value extraction and higher calculation efficiency; the peak value extraction accuracy and reliability of fitting methods such as a Parabolic Fitting Method (PFM), a Gaussian Fitting Method (GFM) and a sinc2 fitting method (SFM) are higher, but the calculation efficiency is too low, and the rapid online measurement is difficult to realize. Taking the conclusion of "fluorescence of sample surface height for evaluation of peak extraction in confocal microscopy" (Chen C, Wang J, Liu X, et. fluorescence of sample surface height for evaluation of peak extraction in confocal microscopy [ J ]. Applied optics,2018,57(22):6516 and 6526.) published in Applied optics, accurate and reliable acquisition of axial response signal peaks is a prerequisite for high precision confocal microscopy in the field of microscopy. However, since the mathematical model of the actual axial response signal is complex, it is not gaussian or sinc2 as described in the literature, and the accuracy of the peak location of the fitting based on the mathematical model depends on the difference between the signal model and the mathematically fitted model.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks or needs for improvement of the prior art, the present invention provides a method, system, and computer readable medium for extracting a peak position index coordinate, which utilize an optical measurement system to obtain a normalized discrete unimodal signal, utilize a preset intensity threshold T to obtain an intercepted discrete unimodal signal, calculate a dynamic threshold of the intercepted discrete unimodal signal, and filter the normalized discrete unimodal signal to obtain a new normalized intercepted unimodal signal, thereby implementing a fast and accurate positioning of the peak position index coordinate of the normalized discrete unimodal signal to improve the measurement accuracy of the optical measurement system.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for extracting a peak position index coordinate, including:
s1, acquiring index coordinates and intensity information of discrete unimodal signals by using an optical measurement system to obtain normalized discrete unimodal signals, wherein xkAnd IkIndex coordinates and light intensity values at the kth sampling point of the normalized discrete unimodal signal are respectively, wherein k is 1.
S2, presetting an intensity threshold value T, and intercepting normalized discrete unimodal signalsObtaining the intercepted discrete unimodal signal by the sampling point information with the intensity being more than or equal to the threshold value T, wherein xj cAnd Ij cRespectively indicating the index coordinate and the light intensity value of the jth sampling point in the intercepted discrete unimodal signal, wherein j is 1.
S3, calculating a dynamic threshold T of the intercepted discrete unimodal signaldDynamic threshold value TdThe specific calculation process is as follows:
wherein, c1Is a first weight parameter, c2Is a second weight parameter, p0Indexing coordinates for a reference peak position;
s4, filtering out normalized light intensity I in discrete unimodal signalkLess than dynamic threshold TdTo obtain a new normalized truncated unimodal signal, wherein xlAnd IlIndex coordinates and light intensity values at the ith sampling point of the new normalized intercepted unimodal signal are respectively, wherein l is 1, and m is the number of sampling points of the new normalized discrete unimodal signal;
s5, utilizing index coordinates, light intensity values and dynamic threshold T of new normalized discrete unimodal signalsdFinding peak position index coordinates of normalized discrete unimodal signal
Therefore, the index coordinate of the peak position of the normalized discrete unimodal signal can be quickly and accurately positioned, and the measurement accuracy of the optical measurement system can be improved.
As a further improvement of the invention, the optical measurement system is any one of a confocal microscope, a dispersive confocal microscope, a laser triangulation sensor, a starry sky detection and a Hartmann shack wavefront sensor.
As a further improvement of the invention, the reference peak position index coordinates are obtained by a barycenter method or a fitting method.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the reference peak position index coordinates are specifically:
as a further improvement of the present invention, the first weight parameter is:
the second weight parameter is:
where X is the ideal peak position index coordinate of the normalized discrete unimodal signal.
To achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for extracting peak position index coordinates, comprising at least one processing unit, and at least one storage unit, wherein the storage unit stores a computer program which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the processing unit to perform the steps of the above method.
To achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable medium storing a computer program executable by a terminal device, the program, when executed on the terminal device, causing the terminal device to perform the steps of the above method.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a method, a system and a computer readable medium for extracting a peak position index coordinate, which utilize an optical measurement system to obtain a normalized discrete unimodal signal, utilize a preset intensity threshold T to obtain the intercepted discrete unimodal signal, calculate a dynamic threshold of the intercepted discrete unimodal signal and filter the normalized discrete unimodal signal to obtain a new normalized intercepted unimodal signal, thereby realizing the fast and accurate positioning of the peak position index coordinate of the normalized discrete unimodal signal to improve the measurement accuracy of the optical measurement system, simultaneously, because the dynamic threshold is not only related to intensity points before and after a global threshold but also related to other points, and also relates to derivative information of the discrete signal, namely, the calculation of the dynamic threshold is more fully utilized for the original discrete signal, even if the sampling interval is larger, namely, when the actual discrete sampling points are few, the method still has excellent peak positioning performance and is suitable for application fields which are particularly sensitive to the calculation efficiency. The method can greatly reduce the system error and standard deviation of peak extraction, does not depend on an axial response signal model, and can greatly improve the accuracy and reliability of peak extraction.
2. Although the dynamic threshold gravity center method provided by the invention is developed around the processing of one-dimensional signals in a confocal microscope, one-dimensional and two-dimensional signals in the fields of confocal microscopes, dispersion confocal microscopes, laser triangular sensors, star detection, Hartmann shack wavefront sensors, biological macromolecule positioning and the like have the same signal characteristics and peak positioning requirements, so that the method, the system and the computer readable medium for extracting the index coordinates of the peak positions can also be suitable for quickly extracting the peaks of Gaussian-like signals in the applications with high accuracy and high reliability.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
For the sake of clarity, it is convenient to introduce definitions for many terms used throughout this disclosure. In general, these terms are used consistently within the meaning defined herein. However, in some instances, depending on the context of these terms, different meanings and/or further explanations may be given.
Unimodal signal: the intensity data received by a detector such as a linear array detector or an area array detector and corresponding index coordinates are referred to, and only one strongest position exists in the range of the index coordinates;
index coordinates: the position corresponding to the sampling intensity data in the discrete unimodal signal is pointed; for a one-dimensional discrete unimodal signal, the index coordinates refer to the one-dimensional position of the sampling point; for a two-dimensional discrete unimodal signal, the index coordinates refer to the two-dimensional position of the sampling point;
intensity data: the intensity value of a unimodal signal under a specified index coordinate is referred to;
peak position index coordinates: the index coordinate is determined by applying a certain rule based on the discrete unimodal signal, and the value of the index coordinate is approximate to the index coordinate corresponding to the peak point of the intensity data in the discrete unimodal signal.
Reference peak position index coordinates: refers to the index coordinates of the peak position determined based on the discrete unimodal signal.
Ideal peak position index coordinates: refers to the position corresponding to the maximum point of the intensity data in the continuous unimodal signal.
A method for extracting an index coordinate of a single peak position of a signal comprises the following specific steps:
s1, acquiring index coordinates and intensity information of discrete unimodal signals by using an optical measurement system to obtain normalized discrete unimodal signals, wherein xkAnd IkIndex coordinates and light intensity values at the kth sampling point of the normalized discrete unimodal signal are respectively, wherein k is 1.
As a preferred scheme, the optical measurement system can be any one of a confocal microscope, a dispersive confocal microscope, a laser triangulation sensor, a starry sky detection and a hartmann shack wavefront sensor.
S2, presetting an intensity threshold T, and intercepting the sampling point information of which the normalized discrete unimodal signal intensity is greater than or equal to the threshold T to obtain the intercepted discrete unimodal signalA signal, wherein xj cAnd Ij cRespectively indicating the index coordinate and the light intensity value of the jth sampling point in the intercepted discrete unimodal signal, wherein j is 1.
As an example, the intensity threshold T may be set according to an empirical value.
S3, calculating a dynamic threshold T of the intercepted discrete unimodal signaldDynamic threshold value TdThe specific calculation process is as follows:
wherein, c1Is a first weight parameter, c2Is a second weight parameter, p0Indexing coordinates for a reference peak position;
reference peak position index coordinate p0The method can be obtained by the existing method for obtaining the index coordinate of the reference peak position in the prior art, and as a preferred scheme, the method can be obtained by a gravity center method or a fitting method;
as a more preferable scheme, the reference peak position index coordinates are specifically:
further, the relationship between the positioning error and the ideal peak value of the existing peak positioning calculation formula can be utilized:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
x is an ideal peak position index coordinate of the normalized discrete unimodal signal, e is a positioning error, and p is a peak position index coordinate of the normalized discrete unimodal signal;
furthermore, the positioning error and theory of the existing peak positioning calculation formula are utilizedObtaining a first weight parameter and a second weight parameter by the relation of the ideal peak value, wherein the first weight parameter and the second weight parameter are respectively:
and
s4, filtering out normalized light intensity I in discrete unimodal signalkLess than dynamic threshold TdTo obtain a new normalized truncated unimodal signal, wherein xlAnd IlIndex coordinates and light intensity values at the ith sampling point of the new normalized intercepted unimodal signal are respectively, wherein l is 1, and m is the number of sampling points of the new normalized discrete unimodal signal;
s5, utilizing the new normalized discrete unimodal signal and the dynamic threshold value TdFinding peak position index coordinates of normalized discrete unimodal signal
Therefore, the index coordinate of the peak position of the normalized discrete unimodal signal can be quickly and accurately positioned, and the measurement accuracy of the optical measurement system can be improved.
A system for extracting coordinates of a peak position index, comprising at least one processing unit and at least one memory unit, wherein the memory unit stores a computer program which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the processing unit to perform the steps of the above method.
A computer-readable medium, in which a computer program executable by a terminal device is stored, causes the terminal device to perform the steps of the above-mentioned method when the program is run on the terminal device.
Taking two peak index coordinate algorithms in the prior art as examples, wherein the two algorithms are respectively a global threshold barycenter method (STCM) and a sinc2 fitting method (SFM), and respectively calculate a system error, a standard deviation and a calculation efficiency of a peak index coordinate thereof, it can be known through comparison that the calculation efficiency and the accuracy of the extraction method of the embodiment of the present invention are much higher than those of the two algorithms, and therefore, the extraction method of the embodiment of the present invention has a fast, high-accuracy and high-reliability peak extraction performance.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for extracting index coordinates of peak positions is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, acquiring index coordinates and intensity information of discrete unimodal signals by using an optical measurement system to obtain normalized discrete unimodal signals, wherein xkAnd IkIndex coordinates and light intensity values at the kth sampling point of the normalized discrete unimodal signal are respectively, wherein k is 1.
S2, presetting an intensity threshold value T, and intercepting the sampling point information of which the normalized discrete unimodal signal intensity is greater than the threshold value T to obtain an intercepted discrete unimodal signal, wherein xj cAnd Ij cRespectively indicating the index coordinate and the light intensity value of the jth sampling point in the intercepted discrete unimodal signal, wherein j is 1.
S3, calculating a dynamic threshold T of the intercepted discrete unimodal signaldDynamic threshold value TdThe specific calculation process is as follows:
wherein, c1Is a first weight parameter, c2Is a second weight parameter, p0Indexing coordinates for a reference peak position;
the first weight parameter is:
the second weight parameter is:
wherein X is an ideal peak position index coordinate of the normalized discrete unimodal signal;
s4, filtering out normalized light intensity I in discrete unimodal signalkLess than dynamic threshold TdTo obtain a new normalized truncated unimodal signal, wherein xlAnd IlIndex coordinates and light intensity values at the ith sampling point of the new normalized intercepted unimodal signal are respectively, wherein l is 1, and m is the number of sampling points of the new normalized discrete unimodal signal;
s5, utilizing the new normalized discrete unimodal signal and the dynamic threshold value TdFinding peak position index coordinates of normalized discrete unimodal signal
Therefore, the index coordinate of the peak position of the normalized discrete unimodal signal can be quickly and accurately positioned, and the measurement accuracy of the optical measurement system can be improved.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical measurement system is any one of a confocal microscope, a dispersive confocal microscope, a laser triangulation sensor, a starry sky detection and a Hartmann shack wavefront sensor.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference peak position index coordinate is obtained by using a barycentric method or a fitting method.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference peak position index coordinate is specifically:
5. a system for extracting index coordinates of peak locations, comprising at least one processing unit and at least one memory unit, wherein the memory unit stores a computer program which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the processing unit to carry out the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which is executable by a terminal device, and which, when run on the terminal device, causes the terminal device to carry out the steps of the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| CN104361226A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-02-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Confocal axial response curve peak position extracting algorithm |
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