CN110747467A - Laser rapid cladding process and device based on electromagnetic induction heating - Google Patents
Laser rapid cladding process and device based on electromagnetic induction heating Download PDFInfo
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- CN110747467A CN110747467A CN201911202984.0A CN201911202984A CN110747467A CN 110747467 A CN110747467 A CN 110747467A CN 201911202984 A CN201911202984 A CN 201911202984A CN 110747467 A CN110747467 A CN 110747467A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The laser rapid cladding process based on electromagnetic induction heating comprises the following steps: (1) calculating the temperature required for melting the powder particles; (2) passing the powder through a heating system to preheat the powder to 0.2-0.7 times its melting temperature; (3) focusing parallel light generated by a laser through a convex lens, and setting a cladding part on the surface of a workpiece as a focusing point of laser light speed; (4) and blowing the preheated powder to a cladding part on the surface of the workpiece, and melting the powder and the workpiece together. The device for implementing the laser rapid cladding process based on electromagnetic induction heating comprises an installation cylinder, a baffle plate and a cooling device, wherein parallel light beams pass through the axis of a central inner hole, and a light outlet is aligned to the surface of a workpiece; the baffle is provided with a powder conveying pipe, the powder conveying pipe is provided with a resistance coil, the central inner hole is provided with a convex lens, the axial lead of the powder conveying pipe and the axial lead of the central inner hole are intersected at the focusing point of the convex lens, and the focusing point of the convex lens is arranged on the surface of a workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser rapid cladding process and a laser rapid cladding device based on electromagnetic induction heating.
Background
Laser cladding is a new surface modification technology. The principle is that the cladding material is melted on the surface of the substrate through laser irradiation, so that the cladding material and the substrate form metallurgical bonding. And a coating with special performance is formed on the surface of the substrate, so that the service life of the part is prolonged. Compared with surfacing, spraying, electroplating and vapor deposition, laser cladding has the characteristics of small dilution, compact structure, good combination of a coating and a matrix, more suitable cladding materials, large particle size and content change and the like, so the application prospect of the laser cladding technology is very wide.
The larger the laser power is, the more the amount of the molten clad metal is, and the higher the probability of generating the blowholes is. According to the formula of specific energy Es: and when the scanning speed and the spot diameter are fixed, the dilution ratio of the cladding layer is increased along with the increase of the laser beam power, and the depth of the cladding layer is gradually increased. When the depth of the cladding layer reaches the limit, the plasma in the cladding process increases along with the increase of power, the surface temperature of the matrix rises, and the phenomena of deformation and cracking are aggravated. However, the laser power is too low, only the surface coating melts, the substrate is difficult to melt, local balling, cavities and the like appear on the surface of the cladding layer at the moment, the metallurgical bonding is poor, and the purpose of cladding cannot be achieved.
Therefore, laser cladding under low power is realized, and the cladding layer with strong interface bonding force, high quality and low dilution rate is prepared. The invention provides a laser rapid cladding process and a laser rapid cladding device based on electromagnetic induction heating aiming at low-power laser cladding
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser rapid cladding process and device based on electromagnetic induction heating, and aims to solve the problems of local balling, cavities, poor metallurgical bonding and the like on the surface of a cladding layer in low-power laser cladding and the problems of high dilution rate and aggravated deformation and cracking phenomena in high-power laser cladding.
The invention focuses parallel light generated by a laser through the convex lens, preheats powder by the resistance heating device, and then carries out laser cladding, thereby realizing laser cladding under the condition of low power and preparing a cladding layer with strong interface bonding force, high quality and low dilution rate.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a laser rapid cladding process based on electromagnetic induction heating, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and calculating the temperature required by the melting of the powder particles according to the absorption coefficient of the powder to the laser, the specific heat of the powder particles, the radius of the powder particles, the ambient temperature, the laser output power and the radius of the laser beam.
Wherein the absorbed laser energy is:
heat dissipation of powder:
let Qin＝Q-E
The maximum temperature required for powder melting was calculated from the energy balance:
in the formula: t isaAmbient temperature αpThe absorption coefficient of the powder to laser is; c is the specific heat capacity; rho is the powder density; v is the powder particle movement speed; thetajetIs a powder tubeThe angle between the laser beam and the laser beam; r istIs the light source radius; r ispIs the radius of the powder feeding pipe; p is laser power; epsilon is the total emission coefficient; sigma is Stefan-Boltzmann coefficient constant; lpLatent heat of fusion;
iteration is carried out from the formula to calculate the temperature required by melting the powder particles under the irradiation of the light beam;
(2) connecting a heating system, and preheating the powder to 0.2-0.7 times of the melting temperature of the powder;
(3) focusing parallel light generated by a laser through a convex lens, and setting a cladding part on the surface of a workpiece as a focusing point of laser light speed;
(4) and blowing the preheated powder to the cladding part on the surface of the workpiece to melt the powder and the cladding part on the surface of the workpiece together.
Preferably, the speed range of the powder particles in the step (4) is lower than the speed of sound and is more than 60 m/s; the laser spot diameter was 10 mm.
The device for implementing the laser rapid cladding process based on electromagnetic induction heating as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser light emitting system, wherein the laser light emitting system comprises an installation cylinder 3 and a baffle 4, the baffle 4 is connected below the installation cylinder 3, a cooling device 2 is arranged in the installation cylinder 3, and a central inner hole 1 penetrates through the installation cylinder 3 and the baffle 4; the axis of the central inner hole 1 through which the parallel light beam 12 passes, and the light outlet 7 of the central inner hole 1 are aligned with the surface of the workpiece; the baffle 4 is provided with a powder conveying pipe 10, and the powder conveying pipe 10 is inclined to the axis of the central inner hole 1; the center inner hole 1 is provided with a convex lens 5 at the position close to the light outlet 7, the axis of the powder conveying pipe 10 is intersected with the axis of the center inner hole 1 at the focusing point of the convex lens 5, and the focusing point of the convex lens 5 is arranged on the surface of a workpiece; the powder feed tube 10 is fitted with a resistance coil 9.
Preferably, a plurality of powder conveying pipes 10 are uniformly distributed on the baffle plate 4 along the circumferential direction.
The light outlet of the laser light-emitting system 1 is provided with the convex lens 5, parallel light beams 12 generated by the light-emitting system 1 are focused, light focused by the powder conveying pipe 10 and the convex lens 5 is converged at one point, and powder preheated by the heating device 11 is melted by the action of laser so as to form good metallurgical bonding between the powder 8 and the workpiece 6.
The invention has the advantages that: the low-power laser cladding preparation of the cladding layer with strong interface bonding force, high quality and low dilution rate can be realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A laser rapid cladding process based on electromagnetic induction heating comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and calculating the temperature required by the melting of the powder particles according to the absorption coefficient of the powder to the laser, the specific heat of the powder particles, the radius of the powder particles, the ambient temperature, the laser output power and the radius of the laser beam.
Wherein the absorbed laser energy is:
heat dissipation of powder:
let Qin＝Q-E
The maximum temperature required for powder melting was calculated from the energy balance:
in the formula: t isaAmbient temperature αpThe absorption coefficient of the powder to laser is; c is the specific heat capacity; rho is the powder density; v is the powder particle movement speed; thetajetIs the included angle between the powder tube and the laser beam; r istIs the light source radius; r ispIs the radius of the powder feeding pipe; p is laser power; epsilon is the total emission coefficient; sigma is Stefan-Boltzmann coefficient constant; lpLatent heat of fusion;
iteration is carried out from the formula to calculate the temperature required by melting the powder particles under the irradiation of the light beam;
(2) connecting a heating system, and preheating the powder to 0.2-0.7 times of the melting temperature of the powder;
(3) focusing parallel light generated by a laser through a convex lens, and setting a cladding part on the surface of a workpiece as a focusing point of laser light speed;
(4) and blowing the preheated powder to the cladding part on the surface of the workpiece to melt the powder and the cladding part on the surface of the workpiece together.
In the step (4), the speed range of the powder particles is lower than the sound speed and is more than 60 m/s; the laser spot diameter was 10 mm.
The device for implementing the laser rapid cladding process based on electromagnetic induction heating is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser light emitting system, wherein the laser light emitting system comprises an installation cylinder 3 and a baffle 4, the baffle 4 is connected below the installation cylinder 3, a cooling device 2 is arranged in the installation cylinder 3, and a central inner hole 1 penetrates through the installation cylinder 3 and the baffle 4; the axis of the central inner hole 1 through which the parallel light beam 12 passes, and the light outlet 7 of the central inner hole 1 are aligned with the surface of the workpiece; the baffle 4 is provided with a powder conveying pipe 10, and the powder conveying pipe 10 is inclined to the axis of the central inner hole 1; the center inner hole 1 is provided with a convex lens 5 at the position close to the light outlet 7, the axis of the powder conveying pipe 10 is intersected with the axis of the center inner hole 1 at the focusing point of the convex lens 5, and the focusing point of the convex lens 5 is arranged on the surface of a workpiece; the powder feed tube 10 is fitted with a resistance coil 9.
A plurality of powder conveying pipes 10 are uniformly distributed on the baffle 4 along the circumferential direction. In actual use, the powder conveying pipe 10 is connected with a high-pressure air source, and powder is blown to the cladding part of the workpiece 6 along the direction of the powder conveying pipe 10.
The powder delivery tube 10 is fitted with a resistance coil 9 forming a resistance coil heating means 11.
When the powder particles pass through the laser beam, part of laser energy is absorbed, so that the temperature of the powder particles is increased, the powder particles are small enough, the thermal conductivity of the particles is infinite, namely the temperature of the powder particles is considered to be uniform, the light-facing surface and the backlight surface of the powder particles are not different, the reflection and refraction of the laser and the mutual heating among the particles are ignored, the heat convection is carried out, the external radiation of the powder particles occurs on the surfaces of the particles, and the reflection of the matrix is not absorbed.
The resistance coil is wound around the powder conveying pipe, the temperature of the powder is heated through the resistance coil, the powder is preheated to a certain temperature and is not melted, and then the powder and the base body of the workpiece form metallurgical bonding under the action of laser.
The convex lens is arranged in the laser light-emitting system and focuses parallel light generated by the laser on one point.
The powder conveying pipe is at a certain angle, and the center of powder convergence coincides with the focus of the laser light outlet.
The resistance coil is wound around the powder conveying pipe, and the powder conveying pipe is made of high-temperature-resistant materials.
The melting points of the powder and the matrix are calculated, the powder particles are heated through the resistance coil, and the powder particles and the matrix of the workpiece are melted through laser heating to form good metallurgical bonding.
The embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of implementations of the inventive concept and the scope of the present invention should not be considered limited to the specific forms set forth in the embodiments but rather by the equivalents thereof as may occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the present inventive concept.
Claims (3)
1. The laser rapid cladding process based on electromagnetic induction heating comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the temperature required by the melting of the powder particles according to the absorption coefficient of the powder to laser, the specific heat of the powder particles, the radius of the powder particles, the ambient temperature, the laser output power and the radius of a laser beam;
wherein the absorbed laser energy is:
heat dissipation of powder:
let Qin＝Q-E
The maximum temperature required for powder melting was calculated from the energy balance:
in the formula: t isaAmbient temperature αpThe absorption coefficient of the powder to laser is; c is the specific heat capacity; rho is the powder density; v is the powder particle movement speed; thetajetIs the included angle between the powder tube and the laser beam; r istIs the light source radius; r ispIs the radius of the powder feeding pipe; p is laser power; epsilon is the total emission coefficient; sigma is Stefan-Boltzmann coefficient constant; lpLatent heat of fusion;
iteration is carried out from the formula to calculate the temperature required by melting the powder particles under the irradiation of the light beam;
(2) passing the powder through a heating system to preheat the powder to 0.2-0.7 times its melting temperature;
(3) focusing parallel light generated by a laser through a convex lens, and setting a cladding part on the surface of a workpiece as a focusing point of laser light speed;
(4) and blowing the preheated powder to a cladding part on the surface of the workpiece, and melting the powder and the workpiece together.
2. The device for implementing the laser rapid cladding process based on electromagnetic induction heating as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the device comprises a laser light emitting system, wherein the laser light emitting system comprises an installation cylinder (3) and a baffle (4), the baffle (4) is connected below the installation cylinder (3), a cooling device (2) is arranged in the installation cylinder (3), and a central inner hole (1) penetrates through the installation cylinder (3) and the baffle (4); the axis of the central inner hole (1) through which the parallel light beam (12) passes, and the light outlet (7) of the central inner hole (1) is aligned with the surface of the workpiece; the baffle (4) is provided with a powder conveying pipe (10), and the powder conveying pipe (10) is inclined to the axis of the central inner hole (1); a convex lens (5) is arranged in the position, close to the light outlet (7), of the central inner hole (1), the axis of the powder conveying pipe (10) is intersected with the axis of the central inner hole (1) at the focusing point of the convex lens (5), and the focusing point of the convex lens (5) is arranged on the surface of a workpiece; the powder conveying pipe (10) is provided with a resistance coil (9).
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein: a plurality of powder conveying pipes (10) are uniformly distributed on the baffle (4) along the circumferential direction.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112030159A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-04 | 陕西天元智能再制造股份有限公司 | Ultra-high-speed laser cladding system and laser cladding method |
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| WO2015132640A1 (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-11 | Юрий Александрович ЧИВЕЛЬ | Laser cladding method and device for implementing same |
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| CN110039263A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-23 | 西安中科光机投资控股有限公司 | A kind of person of outstanding talent for ultrahigh speed laser cladding layer gram is capable of processing technique |
| CN211311592U (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-08-21 | 浙江工业大学 | Laser rapid cladding device based on electromagnetic induction heating |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4758404A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1988-07-19 | Daido Metal Company, Ltd. | Method of producing composite material for sliding member |
| WO2015132640A1 (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2015-09-11 | Юрий Александрович ЧИВЕЛЬ | Laser cladding method and device for implementing same |
| CN105154875A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2015-12-16 | 温州大学 | Laser-induction hybrid cladding processing equipment |
| CN110039263A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-07-23 | 西安中科光机投资控股有限公司 | A kind of person of outstanding talent for ultrahigh speed laser cladding layer gram is capable of processing technique |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112030159A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-04 | 陕西天元智能再制造股份有限公司 | Ultra-high-speed laser cladding system and laser cladding method |
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