CN110744389A - Positioning design and processing method of free-form surface prism - Google Patents
Positioning design and processing method of free-form surface prism Download PDFInfo
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- CN110744389A CN110744389A CN201911008097.XA CN201911008097A CN110744389A CN 110744389 A CN110744389 A CN 110744389A CN 201911008097 A CN201911008097 A CN 201911008097A CN 110744389 A CN110744389 A CN 110744389A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/005—Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices
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- Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a positioning design and processing method of a free-form surface prism, which aims to solve the difficult problem of consistency control of free-form surface processing, detection and adjustment reference with high precision requirement. The invention is based on the requirements of repeated positioning in the processes of processing and off-line detection of the free-form surface prism, and the like, and the consistency of a processing reference and an adjusting reference is realized by arranging a specially designed auxiliary reference process table on the free-form surface prism and arranging a positioning reference surface on the auxiliary reference process table. By adopting the method, the unification of processing, detection and even subsequent installation and adjustment references can be realized, the consistency control of the processing, detection and installation and adjustment references of the free-form surface is realized, and the final optical system performance is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precision machining and high-precision detection of optical components. Relates to a positioning and processing method of a curved surface prism, in particular to a positioning design and processing method of a free-form surface prism.
Background
The free-form surface prism is a special optical element formed by two or more free-form surfaces, and has a large number of applications in the civil market due to the structural design diversity of the free-form surfaces, such as F-theta prisms, helmet displays, AR, VR, and the like. The free-form surface prism can be divided into optical resin and optical glass due to the material, and the optical resin can be machined by diamond turning or realized by adopting a high-precision injection molding technology. However, optical resin materials have poor light transmittance and environmental resistance, so that free-form surface prisms made of optical glass materials are used in severe environmental demands and high-precision imaging optical systems. The basic process for processing the free-form surface prism of the optical glass material at present comprises the following steps: milling and polishing.
Because the milling, grinding and forming and polishing of the optical glass are different procedures, a repeated process of milling, detection, polishing, detection and the like is inevitably required for the processing of the free-form surface prism. The common free-form surface prism needs to be processed and detected with the help of special tools because the prism does not have processing and adjusting references, for example, the patent application No. 201610969003.5 provides a 'free-form surface prism processing method', the patent adopts a high-precision encoder to meet the requirements of angle processing of the free-form surface prism, after the processing mode is adopted, once a part is dismounted from the tool, the original reference is lost, the subsequent adjustment is not influenced slightly, namely, the repeated positioning reference is lost, and the subsequent adjustment has certain difficulty. In addition, the structure adopted in the patent is complex, a high-precision encoder needs to be adopted, and the universal application is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art and realize high-precision machining and detection of the free-form surface prism, the invention provides a positioning design and a machining method of the free-form surface prism, which are convenient and easy to implement, and the precision is easy to guarantee. By adopting the method, the unification of processing, detection and even subsequent installation and adjustment references can be realized, the consistency control of the processing, detection and installation and adjustment references of the free-form surface is realized, and the final optical system performance is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the positioning design and processing method of the free-form surface prism is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: processing a prism blank according to the appearance of the free-form surface prism required by the optical design; auxiliary reference process tables are symmetrically designed and processed on two side surfaces of the prism blank; the auxiliary reference process table is provided with a plurality of positioning reference surfaces; the number of the positioning reference surfaces is consistent with that of the free curved surfaces to be processed in the prism blank, and the positioning reference surfaces correspond to the free curved surfaces to be processed one by one;
step 2: designing and processing milling, polishing and detecting integrated tool: each integrated tool corresponds to a free-form surface to be processed;
the integrated tool main body is of a cylindrical structure, and the excircle of the integrated tool main body is a positioning reference of a rotation center; one end of the integrated tool main body is provided with an interface connected with a machine tool, and the other end of the integrated tool main body is provided with a positioning reference for aligning the reference direction and a sinking platform for placing a prism blank; positioning reference tables corresponding to the positioning reference surfaces are arranged on two sides in the sinking table; the positioning reference surface is a positioning reference surface corresponding to a free-form surface to be processed in the auxiliary reference process table and corresponding to the current integrated tool;
and step 3: placing the prism blank into a sinking platform of the integrated tool, placing the positioning reference surface on the positioning reference platform and adhering and fixing the positioning reference surface, and exposing the surface of the integrated tool for the free-form surface to be processed;
and 4, step 4: the prism blank is not separated from the integrated tool in the subsequent whole grinding, polishing and detecting processes until the prism blank is qualified by inspection, and the free-form surface prism is taken out;
and 5: and (4) aiming at different free-form surfaces to be processed, repeating the steps 2 to 4 to complete the processing of each free-form surface, wherein each free-form surface to be processed corresponds to a respective integrated tool.
Further preferred scheme, the positioning design and processing method of the free-form surface prism is characterized in that: in step 1, the angle of the positioning reference surface is determined according to the corresponding free-form surface: for a certain free-form surface to be processed, the corresponding positioning reference surface is parallel to the tangent line of the rise lowest point in the free-form surface.
Further preferred scheme, the positioning design and processing method of the free-form surface prism is characterized in that: the area of a sinking platform of the integrated tool is determined according to the projection area of a prism blank when a corresponding free curved surface is processed; the depth of the sinking platform and the depth of the positioning reference platform are determined according to the height of the free curved surface to be processed when the corresponding free curved surface is processed, so that the interference between the processing tool and the free curved surface to be processed is avoided.
Further preferred scheme, the positioning design and processing method of the free-form surface prism is characterized in that: the four corners of the sinking platform of the integrated tool are provided with glue containing grooves.
Further preferred scheme, the positioning design and processing method of the free-form surface prism is characterized in that: the area of the auxiliary reference process table accounts for 1/3-1/5 of the area of the side face of the free-form surface prism.
Advantageous effects
The invention provides a positioning design and processing method of a free-form surface prism, which has the advantages that a specially designed positioning reference is arranged on a prism blank, a corresponding integrated tool is designed, the positioning repeatability precision and the assembly and adjustment consistency in the processing and detection process are ensured, and the high-precision processing of the free-form surface prism is ensured.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1: a process table setting schematic diagram;
FIG. 2: a schematic diagram of a freeform surface prism positioning table;
FIG. 3: schematic diagram of a freeform prism including a process stage.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, and not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a special tool for processing a special optical element and a positioning method. The main principle comprises that auxiliary reference process tables 2 (two positions) are symmetrically arranged on a free-form surface prism blank 1, and a special integrated tool 9 is designed to realize that the prism blank is not separated from the integrated tool in the whole grinding, polishing and detecting processes.
As shown in fig. 1, the free-form surface prism 1 needs to process free- form surfaces 3, 4, 5, all of which have angle and form and position requirements, an optical coordinate system is adopted in the optical design, and the coordinate system is correspondingly converted into a processing coordinate system in the processing process.
The prism blank is machined according to the free-form surface prism appearance required by optical design, auxiliary reference process tables are symmetrically designed and machined on two side surfaces of the prism blank, the area of each auxiliary reference process table occupies a certain range of the side surface area of the free-form surface prism, sufficient area is guaranteed for positioning, the side surface area of the free-form surface prism cannot exceed the size of the side surface area of the free-form surface prism, and the side surface area is generally controlled to be 1/3-1/5.
The auxiliary reference process table is provided with a plurality of positioning reference surfaces; the number of the positioning reference surfaces is consistent with that of the free curved surfaces to be processed in the prism blank, and the positioning reference surfaces correspond to the free curved surfaces to be processed one by one. As shown in the figure, the free-form surface 3 corresponds to a positioning reference surface 6, the free-form surface 4 corresponds to a positioning reference surface 7, and the free-form surface 5 corresponds to a positioning reference surface 8.
In order to ensure that the rise in the machining process does not exceed a certain range, the corresponding free- form surfaces 3, 4 and 5 to be machined can be leveled when the positioning reference surface is designed, and the minimum rise is ensured. In the invention, the angle of the positioning reference surface is determined according to the corresponding free-form surface: for a certain free-form surface to be processed, the corresponding positioning reference surface is parallel to the tangent line of the rise lowest point in the free-form surface, so that the rise minimum in the processing process can be ensured.
As shown in fig. 2, milling, polishing and detecting integrated tools 9 are designed and processed, and each integrated tool corresponds to a free-form surface to be processed.
The integrated tool main body is of a cylindrical structure, the outer circle of the tool is formed through high-precision turning, the cylindricity and roundness requirements are guaranteed, and the tool is used as an outer circle reference (a rotation center positioning reference) for alignment.
One end of the integrated tool main body is provided with an interface connected with a machine tool, and the interface can be a plane contacted with a diamond lathe and can also be a special structure of the machine tool such as numerical control milling, numerical control polishing and the like. The other end is designed and processed with a positioning benchmark 10 and a sinking platform 11.
The positioning datum 10 is used for aligning the datum direction, one azimuth can be positioned according to the positioning datum 10, the position relation between the rotation center of the integrated tool 9 and the positioning datum 10 is determined, and therefore the machining datum is determined.
The sinking platform 11 is used for placing a prism blank, so the area of the sinking platform is determined according to the projection area of the prism blank when the corresponding free curved surface is processed; the position of the sinking platform 11 is parallel to the positioning datum 10, and the sinking platform 11 is symmetrical relative to the excircle center of the integrated tool, so that the position and the position of the sinking platform 11 can be determined. In order to ensure the stability of the free-form surface prism in the processing process, glue containing grooves 12 are arranged at four corners of the sinking table, and the glue containing grooves can ensure that the free-form surface prism is fixed after being placed into the sinking table 11.
And positioning reference tables 13 corresponding to the positioning reference surfaces are arranged on two sides in the sinking table, and the positioning reference surfaces are corresponding to the free-form surfaces to be processed corresponding to the current integrated tool in the auxiliary reference process table. The positioning reference table 13 is in contact with the positioning reference surface, so that reliable positioning of the prism blank is guaranteed.
And in the actual processing process, the free-form surface prism blank 1 is installed into a corresponding sinking platform of the integrated tool according to the corresponding direction and the free-form surface to be processed, and is glued and fixed. The integrated tool is connected with a machine tool, the excircle benchmark of the integrated tool is aligned through a dial indicator, the positioning benchmark 10 is aligned and set to be the direction of a certain shaft of the machine tool, and then tool setting, machining program loading and machining are carried out. During detection, the upper excircle of the integrated tool 9 and the positioning datum 10 are aligned and tested, so that the unification of machining and detection datum is ensured, and the requirement on the machining precision of the free-form surface is met. And after one free-form surface is processed to be qualified, replacing another integrated tool, and processing another free-form surface to be processed until all surfaces to be processed are processed. The method is convenient and easy to realize, and the precision of the free-form surface prism is ensured without too many complex mechanisms.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A positioning design and processing method of a free-form surface prism is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: processing a prism blank according to the appearance of the free-form surface prism required by the optical design; auxiliary reference process tables are symmetrically designed and processed on two side surfaces of the prism blank; the auxiliary reference process table is provided with a plurality of positioning reference surfaces; the number of the positioning reference surfaces is consistent with that of the free curved surfaces to be processed in the prism blank, and the positioning reference surfaces correspond to the free curved surfaces to be processed one by one;
step 2: designing and processing milling, polishing and detecting integrated tool: each integrated tool corresponds to a free-form surface to be processed;
the integrated tool main body is of a cylindrical structure, and the excircle of the integrated tool main body is a positioning reference of a rotation center; one end of the integrated tool main body is provided with an interface connected with a machine tool, and the other end of the integrated tool main body is provided with a positioning reference for aligning the reference direction and a sinking platform for placing a prism blank; positioning reference tables corresponding to the positioning reference surfaces are arranged on two sides in the sinking table; the positioning reference surface is a positioning reference surface corresponding to a free-form surface to be processed in the auxiliary reference process table and corresponding to the current integrated tool;
and step 3: placing the prism blank into a sinking platform of the integrated tool, placing the positioning reference surface on the positioning reference platform and adhering and fixing the positioning reference surface, and exposing the surface of the integrated tool for the free-form surface to be processed;
and 4, step 4: the prism blank is not separated from the integrated tool in the subsequent whole grinding, polishing and detecting processes until the prism blank is qualified by inspection, and the free-form surface prism is taken out;
and 5: and (4) aiming at different free-form surfaces to be processed, repeating the steps 2 to 4 to complete the processing of each free-form surface, wherein each free-form surface to be processed corresponds to a respective integrated tool.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in step 1, the angle of the positioning reference surface is determined according to the corresponding free-form surface: for a certain free-form surface to be processed, the corresponding positioning reference surface is parallel to the tangent line of the rise lowest point in the free-form surface.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the area of a sinking platform of the integrated tool is determined according to the projection area of a prism blank when a corresponding free curved surface is processed; the depth of the sinking platform and the depth of the positioning reference platform are determined according to the height of the free curved surface to be processed when the corresponding free curved surface is processed, so that the interference between the processing tool and the free curved surface to be processed is avoided.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the four corners of the sinking platform of the integrated tool are provided with glue containing grooves.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: the area of the auxiliary reference process table accounts for 1/3-1/5 of the area of the side face of the free-form surface prism.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112394432A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-23 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Method for processing special-shaped curved surface prism |
| CN117124483A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-11-28 | 同济大学 | Free-form surface prism high-precision compensation processing method based on online and offline detection |
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| DE4023975A1 (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-01-31 | Olympus Optical Co | Forming of glass lenses in 2-stage process - lens blanks are produced by grinding under an anode tool and then pressed in a heated polished tool |
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| CN112394432A (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-02-23 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | Method for processing special-shaped curved surface prism |
| CN117124483A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-11-28 | 同济大学 | Free-form surface prism high-precision compensation processing method based on online and offline detection |
| CN117124483B (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2024-03-08 | 同济大学 | Free-form surface prism high-precision compensation processing method based on online and offline detection |
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