CN110744031B - Metal ceramic wear-resistant material of three-dimensional network ceramic framework and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Metal ceramic wear-resistant material of three-dimensional network ceramic framework and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110744031B CN110744031B CN201910748244.0A CN201910748244A CN110744031B CN 110744031 B CN110744031 B CN 110744031B CN 201910748244 A CN201910748244 A CN 201910748244A CN 110744031 B CN110744031 B CN 110744031B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1017—Multiple heating or additional steps
- B22F3/1021—Removal of binder or filler
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/22—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip
- B22F3/227—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces for producing castings from a slip by organic binder assisted extrusion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention relates to a metal ceramic wear-resistant material of a three-dimensional network ceramic framework and a preparation method thereof. The three-dimensional network ceramic framework adopting the 3D printing process is taken as the ceramic matrix compounded with the metal matrix, the whole is continuous, the strength is high, and because the ceramic framework is doped with metal alloy powder, the existence of the metal alloy effectively improves the reactivity of the ceramic matrix when casting the molten metal of the matrix, improves the wettability of the molten metal in the ceramic framework, leads the molten metal to better permeate in the ceramic framework, because the melting point of the metal alloy powder to be doped is higher, part of the powder keeps the solid phase characteristic and is not melted during sintering, thereby being beneficial to the integrity of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework and ensuring the framework strength in the casting process, and the strength and the wear resistance of the obtained metal ceramic wear-resistant material are higher, so that the problem of poor adhesion between the ceramic matrix and the matrix metal is fundamentally solved, the production period of the product is greatly shortened, and the market competitive advantage of production enterprises is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite wear-resistant materials, and particularly relates to a metal ceramic wear-resistant material with a three-dimensional network ceramic framework and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The metal ceramic composite material is a composite material prepared by combining high hardness and high wear resistance of ceramic and high toughness of metal, and has a great application prospect in the wear-resistant fields of cement, coal electricity or ore and the like. In the traditional process, a ceramic preform is prepared by a dry pressing method, and is placed in a sand mold for casting after being subjected to surface nickel plating treatment to obtain the metal ceramic composite material. However, the overall process of the ceramic nickel plating process is complex, and more pretreatment processes such as activation, sensitization and the like are required, so that the preparation efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a metal ceramic wear-resistant material with a three-dimensional network ceramic framework and a preparation method thereof.
According to one aspect of the invention, a preparation method of a metal ceramic wear-resistant material of a three-dimensional network ceramic framework is provided, which comprises the following steps:
casting the three-dimensional network ceramic framework on the molten metal to obtain the metal ceramic wear-resistant material,
the three-dimensional network ceramic framework is prepared by obtaining a metal ceramic biscuit through metal ceramic composite slurry doped with metal alloy powder based on a 3D printing process and then sintering, wherein the metal alloy powder doped in the metal ceramic biscuit is not completely melted in the sintering process of the metal ceramic biscuit.
The invention adopts the three-dimensional network ceramic framework of the 3D printing process as the ceramic matrix compounded with the metal matrix, the whole is continuous, the strength is high, the ceramic matrix is convenient to be firmly combined with the metal matrix, and because the three-dimensional network ceramic framework is doped with the metal alloy powder, the existence of the metal alloy effectively improves the reaction activity of the ceramic matrix when casting the metal melt of the matrix, improves the wettability of the metal melt in the three-dimensional network ceramic framework, leads the metal melt to better permeate in the three-dimensional network ceramic framework, because the melting point of the metal alloy powder to be doped is higher, part of the powder keeps the solid phase characteristic and is not melted during sintering, does not generate larger stress damage, is beneficial to the integrity of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework, ensures the framework strength during casting, further leads the strength and the wear resistance of the obtained metal ceramic wear-resistant material to be higher, and fundamentally solves the problem of poor adhesion between the ceramic matrix and the matrix metal, according to the invention, the ceramic preform manufactured by adopting a dry pressing method which is always used in the traditional process is avoided being used as a composite ceramic base, the 3D printing additive manufacturing technology is selected, and the metal alloy is directly added into the ceramic raw material, so that the problem of poor adhesion of ceramic and matrix metal liquid during later pouring is solved, and the surface nickel plating treatment step which is required to be executed for improving the adhesion of ceramic particles and matrix metal is omitted, thereby greatly improving the preparation efficiency.
Furthermore, during the sintering process of the metal ceramic biscuit, a small part of the metal alloy powder doped in the metal ceramic biscuit is melted. The metal alloy powder is at least one of high manganese steel, high chromium cast iron powder or nickel hard cast iron powder, and the particle size is 35-75 mu m. The metal product has higher hardness, so that the strength of the integral prefabricated body is improved; and secondly, because the melting points of the cast iron and the manganese steel are higher, the cast iron and the manganese steel are melted to a lower degree in the sintering process of the blank, so that larger stress damage can not be generated, the integrity of the structure of the prefabricated body after sintering is higher, and the later-stage casting molding is facilitated.
Further, the metal ceramic composite slurry comprises ceramic powder, kaolin powder, a binder and water, wherein kaolin (2 SiO) is contained in the material system2·Al2O3·2H2O), the viscosity of the metal ceramic composite slurry can be effectively reduced, the kaolin has a layered structure, has good water absorption plasticity, is not easy to break after molding, and the addition of the kaolin into the ceramic slurry is beneficial to improving the molding efficiency.
Wherein the ceramic powder, the kaolin powder, the metal alloy powder, the binder and the water are used in the following ratio: 50-70: 10-15: 5-8: 1-8: 10-25 by weight.
Further, the metal ceramic composite slurry also comprises a dispersant and an additive,
the ceramic powder comprises alumina powder, and the alumina powder is selected as the ceramic powder because the alumina ceramic has higher hardness, low cost and mature sintering process, and is particularly suitable for application in the industrial wear-resistant field. Because the kaolin contains a certain content of alumina components, the sintering temperature is higher than 1400 ℃, and the kaolin can be integrated with the alumina powder in a compact way in the sintering process.
The dosage ratio of the binder, the dispersant and the additive is as follows: 1-8: 5-11: 3.1-7.4 by weight.
Further, the binder is at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, dibutyl phthalate and paraffin, cellulose is selected as a plasticizer, the cellulose is provided with a crystalline region and a non-crystalline region, the crystalline region is tightly arranged, and the water reagent is difficult to permeate; the amorphous region is loosely bonded, a water absorption process occurs, and swelling occurs. The hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose has low crystallinity, the hydroxyl on the main chain has hydrophilicity, water can be better combined, the cellulose is swelled to the maximum extent, the volume fraction of the amorphous region is large, and the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is favorable for being uniformly mixed with a ceramic system.
Further, the dispersant is at least one of silica sol, ammonium polyacrylate and stearic acid.
Further, the specific preparation process of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing a binder, a dispersant, an additive and water, and then fully mixing the mixture with ceramic powder and kaolin powder to obtain a viscous ceramic paste;
fully and uniformly mixing the metal alloy powder and the viscous ceramic paste to obtain metal ceramic composite slurry, wherein the mixing mode can be ball milling;
obtaining a metal ceramic blank by using the metal ceramic composite slurry based on a 3D printing process;
the metal ceramic blank is obtained by glue discharging and sintering treatment, a reasonable glue discharging and sintering system is designed, organic micromolecules in the product are sequentially removed, and a densified metal ceramic composite prefabricated body is prepared.
Further, the glue discharging temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the sintering temperature is 1200-1400 ℃.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cermet wear resistant material obtained by the method according to any one of the above, comprising a three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton and a metal matrix integrated with the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton by molten metal casting.
The metal ceramic wear-resistant material is applied to a cement vertical mill, and can be applied to other industrial wear-resistant fields such as coal power or ore.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the preparation method of the metal ceramic wear-resistant material of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework adopts the three-dimensional network ceramic framework of the 3D printing process as a ceramic matrix compounded with a metal matrix, is continuous as a whole, has high strength, is convenient to be firmly combined with the metal matrix, and because the three-dimensional network ceramic framework is doped with metal alloy powder, the existence of the metal alloy effectively improves the reaction activity of the ceramic matrix when casting molten metal of the matrix, improves the wettability of the molten metal in the three-dimensional network ceramic framework, ensures that the molten metal can better permeate in the three-dimensional network ceramic framework, because the melting point of the metal alloy powder to be doped is higher, partial powder keeps solid phase characteristics during sintering without melting, can not generate larger stress damage, thereby being beneficial to the integrity of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework and ensuring the framework strength in the casting process, the obtained metal ceramic wear-resistant material has higher strength and wear resistance, so that the problem of poor adhesion between a ceramic matrix and a matrix metal is fundamentally solved, and the use of the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton composite ceramic matrix and the arrangement of the metal alloy powder enable the preparation method to save the step of surface nickel plating treatment required by the traditional process, thereby greatly improving the preparation efficiency of the preparation method, greatly shortening the production period of products and greatly improving the market competitive advantage of production enterprises.
2. The metal ceramic wear-resistant material of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework comprises the three-dimensional network ceramic framework and a metal substrate which is integrated with the three-dimensional network ceramic framework into a whole through molten metal casting, and a continuous space net-shaped structure is formed mutually, so that the obtained wear-resistant material is good in integrity, and further higher in strength and wear resistance.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to further explain the present invention.
Example one
The preparation process of the cermet wear-resistant material of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 1 part by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose, 5 parts by weight of silica sol and 3.1 parts by weight of addition auxiliary agent into 17.9 parts by weight of deionized water at normal temperature to dissolve and mechanically stir uniformly, wherein the addition auxiliary agent is used for preparing a material system for extrusion printing and comprises 2 parts by weight of lubricant, 1 part by weight of plasticizer and 0.1 part by weight of diluent;
s2, mixing 50 parts by weight of Al2O3Uniformly mixing the powder and 15 parts by weight of kaolin powder, adding the mixture into the solution, and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the mixture to obtain a viscous ceramic paste, wherein Al is2O3The powder is 92 percent of alpha-Al2O3The particle size distribution is 0.8-5.2 μm; the kaolin is 2SiO2·Al2O3·2H2O, the particle size distribution is 125-300 mu m;
s3, adding 8 parts by weight of high manganese steel powder (the particle size is 35-75 microns) into the system, transferring the mixture into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain metal ceramic composite slurry which is a ceramic metal composite paste for an extrusion printer and is placed in a storage tank of a 3D extrusion printer for printing preparation;
s4, designing a ceramic skeleton model through CAD, guiding the ceramic skeleton model into an extrusion type 3D printer, starting the 3D extrusion printer to print layer by layer, setting a printing parameter of a first layer to print the thickness of 2mm, setting the printing layer interval to be 1mm, setting the moving speed of a printing head to be 40mm/S, and setting the filling degree to be 100% of solid printing. The printed metal ceramic biscuit has low strength and needs to be placed in an oven for heat preservation at 60-80 ℃ for a period of time. The dried metal ceramic biscuit has certain strength and is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering treatment. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3h to complete binder removal, heating to 1300 ℃, preserving heat for sintering for 1-2h, finally cooling along with a furnace to obtain a three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton (ceramic preform) containing metal elements, and pouring high manganese steel molten metal in a sand mold cavity to obtain the metal ceramic composite wear-resistant material, and can be used in the field of industrial wear resistance.
The technical proposal of the invention is that ceramic powder, kaolin powder and metal powder are mixed by organic binder, preparing a three-dimensional self-designed structure of a ceramic framework by an extrusion type 3D printer, rapidly preparing a ceramic biscuit, sintering the biscuit to form a compact ceramic prefabricated body, metal elements are doped, the reactivity of the prefabricated body in metal casting is improved, the plasticity of a system is improved by adding kaolin, the wettability of a ceramic matrix and molten metal can be improved by introducing metal powder when the molten metal is cast, thereby improving the bonding strength with the three-dimensional network ceramic framework of the obtained metal ceramic wear-resistant material and the metal matrix which is integrated with the three-dimensional network ceramic framework by casting molten metal to mutually form a continuous spatial network structure with low defect, the wear-resistant metal ceramic composite material can be used as a metal ceramic composite wear-resistant part, and particularly can be applied to a cement vertical mill part (a cement vertical mill grinding disc or a grinding roller part).
Example two
The same features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are:
the preparation process of the cermet wear-resistant material of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 3 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 6 parts by weight of ammonium polyacrylate and 4 parts by weight of addition additives into 10 parts by weight of deionized water at normal temperature, dissolving and mechanically stirring uniformly for preparing a material system for extrusion printing, wherein the addition additives comprise 2 parts by weight of lubricant, 1.6 parts by weight of plasticizer and 0.4 part by weight of diluent;
s2, mixing 60 parts by weight of Al2O3Uniformly mixing the powder and 11 parts by weight of kaolin powder, adding the mixture into the solution, and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the mixture to obtain a viscous ceramic paste, wherein Al is2O3The powder is 92 percent of alpha-Al2O3The particle size distribution is 0.8-5.2 μm; the kaolin is 2SiO2·Al2O3·2H2O, the particle size distribution is 125-300 mu m;
s3, adding 6 parts by weight of high-chromium cast iron powder (the particle size is 35-75 microns) into the system, transferring the mixture into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain metal ceramic composite slurry which is a ceramic metal composite paste for an extrusion printer and is placed in a storage tank of a 3D extrusion printer for printing preparation;
s4, designing a ceramic framework model through CAD, guiding the ceramic framework model into an extrusion type 3D printer, starting the 3D extrusion printer to print layer by layer, setting a printing parameter of a first layer to print the thickness of 2mm, setting the printing layer interval to be 1mm, setting the moving speed of a printing head to be 50mm/S, and setting the filling degree to be 100% of solid printing. The printed metal ceramic biscuit has low strength and needs to be placed in an oven for heat preservation at 60-80 ℃ for a period of time. The dried metal ceramic biscuit has certain strength and is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering treatment. Firstly heating to 700 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3h to complete binder removal, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for sintering for 1-2h, finally cooling along with a furnace to obtain a three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton (ceramic preform) containing metal elements, and pouring high-chromium cast iron molten metal in a sand mold cavity to obtain the metal ceramic composite wear-resistant material, which can be used in the field of industrial wear resistance.
EXAMPLE III
The same features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are:
the preparation process of the cermet wear-resistant material of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 1 part by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 0.8 part by weight of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), 5 parts by weight of stearic acid and 3.2 parts by weight of addition auxiliary agent into 10 parts by weight of deionized water at normal temperature to dissolve and mechanically stir uniformly, wherein the addition auxiliary agent comprises 2 parts by weight of lubricant, 1 part by weight of plasticizer and 0.2 part by weight of diluent, and is used for preparing a material system for extrusion printing;
s2, mixing 70 parts by weight of Al2O3Mixing the powder and 10 weight parts of kaolin powder uniformly, adding into the solution, stirring thoroughly to disperse uniformly to obtain viscous ceramic paste, wherein Al2O3The powder is 92 percent of alpha-Al2O3The particle size distribution is 0.8-5.2 μm; the kaolin is 2SiO 2. Al2O3·2H2O, the particle size distribution is 125-300 mu m;
s3, adding 5 parts by weight of nickel hard cast iron powder (the particle size is 35-75 mu m) into the system, transferring the mixture into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain metal ceramic composite slurry which is a ceramic metal composite paste for an extrusion printer and is placed in a storage tank of a 3D extrusion printer for printing preparation;
s4, designing a ceramic framework model through CAD, guiding the ceramic framework model into an extrusion type 3D printer, starting the 3D extrusion printer to print layer by layer, setting a printing parameter of a first layer to print the thickness of 2mm, setting the printing layer interval to be 1mm, setting the moving speed of a printing head to be 60mm/S, and setting the filling degree to be 100% of solid printing. The printed metal ceramic biscuit has low strength and needs to be placed in an oven for heat preservation at 60-80 ℃ for a period of time. The dried metal ceramic biscuit has certain strength and is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering treatment. Firstly heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3h to complete binder removal, heating to 1300 ℃, preserving heat for sintering for 1-2h, finally cooling along with a furnace to obtain a three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton (ceramic preform) containing metal elements, and pouring nickel hard cast iron molten metal in a sand mold cavity to obtain the metal ceramic composite wear-resistant material, which can be used in the field of industrial wear resistance.
Example four
The same features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are:
the preparation process of the cermet wear-resistant material of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 6 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 2 parts by weight of paraffin, 11 parts by weight of silica sol and 5 parts by weight of addition aid into 11 parts by weight of deionized water at normal temperature, dissolving and mechanically stirring uniformly for preparing a material system for extrusion printing, wherein the addition aid comprises 3 parts by weight of lubricant, 1.6 parts by weight of plasticizer and 0.4 part by weight of diluent;
s2, mixing 50 parts by weight of Al2O3Mixing the powder and 10 weight parts of kaolin powder uniformly, adding into the solution, stirring thoroughly to disperse uniformly to obtain viscous ceramic paste, wherein Al2O3The powder is 92 percent of alpha-Al2O3The particle size distribution is 0.8-5.2 μm; the kaolin is 2SiO2·Al2O3·2H2O, the particle size distribution is 125-300 mu m;
s3, adding 5 parts by weight of nickel hard cast iron powder (the particle size is 35-75 mu m) into the system, transferring the mixture into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain metal ceramic composite slurry which is a ceramic metal composite paste for an extrusion printer and is placed in a storage tank of a 3D extrusion printer for printing preparation;
s4, designing a ceramic skeleton model through CAD, guiding the ceramic skeleton model into an extrusion type 3D printer, starting the 3D extrusion printer to print layer by layer, setting a printing parameter of a first layer to print the thickness of 2mm, setting the printing layer interval to be 1mm, setting the moving speed of a printing head to be 45mm/S, and setting the filling degree to be 100% of solid printing. The printed metal ceramic biscuit has low strength and needs to be placed in an oven for heat preservation at 60-80 ℃ for a period of time. The dried metal ceramic biscuit has certain strength and is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering treatment. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours to finish binder removal, heating to 1400 ℃, preserving heat for sintering for 1 hour, finally cooling along with a furnace to obtain a three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton (ceramic preform) containing metal elements, and pouring nickel hard cast iron molten metal in a sand mold cavity to obtain the metal ceramic composite wear-resistant material, and can be used in the field of industrial wear resistance.
EXAMPLE five
The same features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are:
the preparation process of the cermet wear-resistant material of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 1 part by weight of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 part by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 5 parts by weight of stearic acid and 3.1 parts by weight of addition aid into 24.9 parts by weight of deionized water at normal temperature to dissolve and mechanically stir uniformly, wherein the addition aid comprises 2 parts by weight of lubricant, 1 part by weight of plasticizer and 0.1 part by weight of diluent;
s2, mixing 50 parts by weight of Al2O3Mixing the powder and 10 weight parts of kaolin powder uniformly, adding into the solution, stirring thoroughly to disperse uniformly to obtain viscous ceramic paste, wherein Al2O3The powder is 92 percent of alpha-Al2O3The particle size distribution is 0.8-5.2 μm; the kaolin is 2SiO2·Al2O3·2H2O, the particle size distribution is 125-300 mu m;
s3, adding 5 parts by weight of high manganese steel powder (the particle size is 35-75 microns) into the system, transferring the mixture into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain metal ceramic composite slurry which is a ceramic metal composite paste for an extrusion printer and is placed in a storage tank of a 3D extrusion printer for printing preparation;
s4, designing a ceramic skeleton model through CAD, guiding the ceramic skeleton model into an extrusion type 3D printer, starting the 3D extrusion printer to print layer by layer, setting a printing parameter of the first layer to print the thickness of 2mm, setting the printing layer interval to be 1mm, setting the moving speed of a printing head to be 55mm/S, and setting the filling degree to be 100% of solid printing. The printed metal ceramic biscuit has low strength and needs to be placed in an oven for heat preservation at 60-80 ℃ for a period of time. The dried metal ceramic biscuit has certain strength and is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering treatment. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly heating to 600 ℃, preserving heat for 2 hours to finish binder removal, heating to 1400 ℃, preserving heat for sintering for 1.5 hours, finally cooling along with a furnace to obtain a three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton (ceramic preform) containing metal elements, and pouring high manganese steel molten metal in a sand mold cavity to obtain the metal ceramic composite wear-resistant material, and can be used in the field of industrial wear resistance.
EXAMPLE six
The same features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are not described again, and the different features of this embodiment and the first embodiment are:
the preparation process of the cermet wear-resistant material of the three-dimensional network ceramic framework comprises the following steps:
s1, adding 2.6 parts by weight of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 3 parts by weight of silica sol, 3 parts by weight of stearic acid and 7.4 parts by weight of addition auxiliary agent into 15 parts by weight of deionized water at normal temperature to dissolve and mechanically stir uniformly, wherein the addition auxiliary agent comprises 5 parts by weight of lubricant, 2 parts by weight of plasticizer and 0.4 part by weight of diluent, and is used for preparing a material system for extrusion printing;
s2, mixing 52 parts by weight of Al2O3Uniformly mixing the powder and 11 parts by weight of kaolin powder, adding the mixture into the solution, and fully stirring to uniformly disperse the mixture to obtain a viscous ceramic paste, wherein Al is2O3The powder is 92 percent of alpha-Al2O3The particle size distribution is 0.8-5.2 μm; the kaolin is 2SiO2·Al2O3·2H2O, the particle size distribution is 125-300 mu m;
s3, adding 6 parts by weight of high-chromium cast iron powder (the particle size is 35-75 microns) into the system, transferring the mixture into a ball milling tank for ball milling, and fully and uniformly mixing to obtain metal ceramic composite slurry which is a ceramic metal composite paste for an extrusion printer and is placed in a storage tank of a 3D extrusion printer for printing preparation;
s4, designing a ceramic framework model through CAD, guiding the ceramic framework model into an extrusion type 3D printer, starting the 3D extrusion printer to print layer by layer, setting a printing parameter of a first layer to print the thickness of 2mm, setting the printing layer interval to be 1mm, setting the moving speed of a printing head to be 50mm/S, and setting the filling degree to be 100% of solid printing. The printed metal ceramic biscuit has low strength and needs to be placed in an oven for heat preservation at 60-80 ℃ for a period of time. The dried metal ceramic biscuit has certain strength and is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering treatment. The preparation method comprises the steps of firstly heating to 500 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours to finish binder removal, heating to 1200 ℃, preserving heat for sintering for 2 hours, finally cooling along with a furnace to obtain a three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton (ceramic prefabricated body) containing metal elements, and pouring high-chromium cast iron molten metal in a sand mold cavity to obtain the metal ceramic composite wear-resistant material, and can be used in the field of industrial wear resistance.
The cast wear-resistant material is subjected to cutting processing, the size of the processed wear-resistant material can be matched with a friction and wear tester clamp, the ceramic framework is ensured to exert the wear-resistant characteristic in the friction test process, and the ceramic framework in the wear-resistant material is required to be exposed on the outer side to serve as a working interface of friction and wear. Selecting a non-standard MLS type friction wear testing machine as experimental equipment, selecting a quartz grinding wheel as a friction medium, weighing a sample after a test process of 45min, wherein the loss mass of the sample is 0.8-2.2g, and the volume loss rate is 0.16-0.44cm3(ii) a The comparison of a single high-manganese cast steel material shows that the loss mass of a sample of the high-manganese steel is 4.8-6.2g and the volume loss of the high-manganese steel is 0.68-0.88cm in the 45-min experimental process3. The friction loss of the two parts is more and more increased after the experiment time is prolonged. The ceramic composite metal wear-resistant structure can greatly improve the wear resistance of a single metal part.
The printing process of the metal ceramic biscuit in the embodiment generally needs 3-5h, and the whole preparation period is about 25 h.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the scope of the invention as referred to in the present application is not limited to the embodiments with a specific combination of the above-mentioned features, but also covers other embodiments with any combination of the above-mentioned features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features may be replaced with (but not limited to) features having similar functions disclosed in the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a three-dimensional network ceramic framework metal ceramic wear-resistant material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
casting the three-dimensional network ceramic framework on the molten metal to obtain the metal ceramic wear-resistant material,
the three-dimensional network ceramic framework is prepared by obtaining a metal ceramic biscuit through metal ceramic composite slurry doped with metal alloy powder based on a 3D printing process and then sintering, wherein the metal alloy powder doped in the metal ceramic biscuit is not completely melted in the sintering process of the metal ceramic biscuit;
the metal ceramic composite slurry comprises ceramic powder, kaolin powder, a binder and water; the dosage ratio of the ceramic powder, the kaolin powder, the metal alloy powder, the binder and the water is as follows: 50-70: 10-15: 5-8: 1-8: 10-25 by weight;
the metal alloy powder is at least one of high manganese steel, high chromium cast iron powder or nickel hard cast iron powder.
2. The method for preparing the three-dimensional network ceramic framework metal ceramic wear-resistant material as claimed in claim 1, wherein a small part of metal alloy powder doped in the metal ceramic biscuit is melted in the sintering process of the metal ceramic biscuit.
3. The method for preparing the three-dimensional network ceramic framework metal ceramic wear-resistant material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal ceramic composite slurry further comprises a dispersant and an additive,
wherein the ceramic powder comprises alumina powder,
the dosage ratio of the binder, the dispersant and the additive is as follows: 1-8: 5-11: 3.1-7.4 by weight.
4. The method for preparing the three-dimensional network ceramic framework metal ceramic wear-resistant material according to claim 3, wherein the binder is at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, dibutyl phthalate and paraffin,
the dispersing agent is at least one of silica sol, ammonium polyacrylate and stearic acid.
5. The method for preparing the three-dimensional network ceramic framework metal ceramic wear-resistant material according to claim 4, wherein the three-dimensional network ceramic framework is prepared by the following specific steps:
uniformly mixing a binder, a dispersant, an additive and water, and then fully mixing the mixture with ceramic powder and kaolin powder to obtain a viscous ceramic paste;
fully and uniformly mixing the metal alloy powder and the viscous ceramic paste to obtain metal ceramic composite slurry;
obtaining a metal ceramic blank by using the metal ceramic composite slurry based on a 3D printing process;
and the metal ceramic element blank is subjected to glue discharging and sintering treatment to obtain the metal ceramic element.
6. The method for preparing the three-dimensional network ceramic framework metal ceramic wear-resistant material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the binder removal temperature is 500-800 ℃, and the sintering temperature is 1200-1400 ℃.
7. A cermet wear resistant material obtained by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cermet wear resistant material comprises a three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton and a metal substrate integrated with the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton by molten metal casting.
8. The cermet wear-resistant material of claim 7, wherein the cermet wear-resistant material is applied to a cement vertical mill.
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| CN113857431B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-10-31 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of steel-rubber composite wear-resistant part with three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure |
| CN113941713B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-07-07 | 武汉拓普准晶新材料有限公司 | Silicon carbide ceramic-metal composite material product and preparation method thereof |
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