CN110742081A

CN110742081A - Plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110742081A
Application number: CN201910952950.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王静; 卢亚金; 李建光; 韩冬梅
Original assignee: Lianjiang Liangdong Risheng Litchi Professional Cooperative
Current assignee: Lianjiang Liangdong Risheng Litchi Professional Cooperative
Priority date: 2019-10-09
Filing date: 2019-10-09
Publication date: 2020-02-04
Anticipated expiration: 2039-10-09
Also published as: CN110742081B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron and an application thereof. The plant growth regulator comprises, by mass, 10-15 ppm of forchlorfenuron, 0.02-0.04% of a surfactant and the balance of auxiliary materials. The application is used for preventing the stiff fruit of the litchi. The forchlorfenuron with low concentration (10ppm) is sprayed in the merging period of the litchi fruits, measures are taken in the early development period of the fruits, so that the late-stage fruit-hardening phenomenon of the litchi fruits can be prevented, the medicine residue is reduced, the fruit-hardening rate is obviously reduced, the kernel-burning rate of the litchi fruits is improved to a certain extent, the appearance quality of the litchi fruits is improved, the mature period of the fruits is not influenced, and the commodity value is increased.

Description

Plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron and an application thereof.

Background

Litchi belongs to sapindaceae, belongs to evergreen arbor, is a world famous subtropical fruit tree, and is also a world-level famous fruit originated from China. The gorgon fruit is askew heart-shaped or oblate, round at the top of the fruit, flat at the shoulder of the fruit or slightly shrunken at one shoulder; when the fruit is ripe, the seeds are degenerated into chicken beak shape, so the fruit is called chicken beak litchi. The Jizui litchi has crisp and tasty meat, fresh and sweet flavor, slight fragrance, small kernels and thick meat, average edible rate of 79.3 percent and larger fruits, and is a good variety for fresh eating, dry making and canning.

In the cultivation process of the Jizui litchi, the fruit is under the condition of poor development, the fruit is easy to have the phenomenon of stiff fruits (irregular fruit types) with different degrees in the later development stage, the phenomenon is shown that the pulp on one side of the fruit stops developing in advance in the development stage, the pulp is fibrous and lignified, the fruit is small, the shape of the fruit is irregular, the appearance quality and quality are seriously reduced, and the loss of most of the fruits can be caused by the serious year of the stiff fruits. The proportion of the dead fruits in the investigated chicken mouth litchi orchard accounts for 30 percent, even more than 50 percent, and the loss is serious.

Forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is a compound with stronger activity in phenyl urea cytokinins, and a large number of reports show that the forchlorfenuron (CPPU) has the effects of improving fruit setting rate, inducing parthenocarpy and promoting fruit enlargement. Forchlorfenuron (chenhuan, 2017) is registered and used on crops such as grapes, loquats, watermelons, melons, cucumbers, kiwis and the like in China. The forchlorfenuron is applied to litchis with different effects at different flower and fruit development stages and different varieties of litchis. The stimulation is used for turning flowers at the early flowering stage of Feizixiao, but fruits are difficult to bear and are easy to deform; the application in the late flowering stage, young fruit stage and expansion stage has obvious effect of promoting fruit expansion of Feizixiao (luoshan et al, 2015), but the forchlorfenuron treatment of A4 seedless litchis in the fruit expansion stage has no obvious effect of promoting fruit expansion (Yangmifu et al, 2015). If the plant growth regulator is not used properly, the residual quantity in the fruits is too high, and the harm to the human health is possibly caused. Therefore, the reasonable use period and concentration can effectively improve the fruit quality and simultaneously prevent the medicine residue in the litchi fruits.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and reducing the occurrence of jack-mouth litchi stiff fruit.

A plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron comprises 10-15 ppm of forchlorfenuron, 0.02-0.04% of surfactant and the balance of auxiliary materials with the final concentration of 1% in percentage by mass.

Preferably, the surfactant is agricultural silicone, and the auxiliary material is sucrose.

A method for preparing a plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron comprises the following steps:

(1) dissolving 10-15 g of forchlorfenuron in 100ml of 100% ethanol to obtain 10-15% stock solution;

(2) adding 10 kg of water into per ml of forchlorfenuron stock solution to prepare the forchlorfenuron-containing plant growth regulator with the final concentration of 10-15 ppm.

Use of a plant growth regulator as described above.

Preferably, the application is for preventing the staleness of litchi.

Further, the method for preventing the litchi chinensis fruit from being stiff comprises the following steps: the plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron is sprayed on the front and back of the leaves until the leaves drip water, and the back of the leaves is sprayed mainly because the pores of the litchi leaves are on the lower epidermis.

Preferably, the litchi variety is Jizui litchi.

Preferably, the spraying treatment is carried out on the whole plant of the female parent plant.

Furthermore, the spraying period is the merging period of the chicken beak litchi fruits, namely the spraying is carried out on young fruits within 10-15 days after the female flowers are full, so that the development of fruit peels and seeds is facilitated.

Preferably, the spraying frequency is as follows: spraying the mixture once every 5 to 7 days for three times.

Preferably, the spraying time is about 10 am in a fine day, and in a rainy day, the spraying is carried out once after the weather changes to fine.

Preferably, the concentration of the forchlorfenuron is 10-15 ppm.

Preferably, the plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is characterized by comprising 10-15 ppm of CPPU, 0.02-0.04% of surfactant and 1% of sucrose in percentage by mass.

The method is different from the reported and researched treatment method of the plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron, and the plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron (CPPU) is preferably selected, and the method is different from the traditional forchlorfenuron in the effective use period and the effective concentration on litchi varieties, the forchlorfenuron with low concentration (10ppm) is sprayed in the merging period of the litchi fruits, and measures are taken in the early development period of the fruits, so that the late-stage fruit staleness phenomenon of the litchi fruits can be prevented, the medicine residue is reduced, the staleness rate is obviously reduced, the scorched kernel rate of the litchi fruits is improved to a certain extent, the appearance quality of the litchi fruits is improved, the mature period of the fruits is not influenced, and the commodity value is increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a chicken mouth litchi runt fruit;

FIG. 2 shows the blooming period of Jizui litchi in the longan resource garden of the research institute of fruit trees of the academy of agricultural sciences of Guangdong province;

FIG. 3 shows the chickpea litchi in longan resource garden sprayed with plant growth regulator during the merging period of fruit trees studied by Guangdong province academy of agricultural sciences;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a rooster-mouth litchi after being sprayed with a plant growth regulator at a concentration of 10 ppm;

FIG. 5 is an observation of seed treatment of Jizui litchi with plant growth regulators of different concentrations in the longan resource plot at the institute of fruit trees of the academy of agricultural sciences of Guangdong province.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.

Example 1

2016-2018 longan resource garden of research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Guangdong province, 24 litchi trees with consistent growth vigor and strong tree vigor and ten-year-old Jizui are selected, wherein 6 litchi trees are sprayed in a grain merging period, a young fruit period and a fruit expanding period respectively as a control, and 2 litchi trees are sprayed in each concentration period; the rest 18 plants are treated by the plant growth regulator, sprayed at different concentrations of 5ppm, 10ppm and 15ppm at different periods, and sprayed at 6 plants in each concentration in the grain merging period, the young fruit period and the fruit expanding period, wherein 2 plants are sprayed at each concentration in each period.

TABLE 1 plant growth regulator treatment of Jizui litchi at different times

Taking the merging period treatment of the chicken beak litchis in 2018 as an example: 3, 29 days later, 4, 9 days later, the merging period of the gorgon fruit (figure 3) is about 10 am in sunny days, the gorgon fruit is sprayed with water, a plant growth regulator with the concentration of 5ppm, a plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10ppm and a plant growth regulator with the concentration of 15ppm, the whole plant is sprayed by using a knapsack sprayer, the plants are uniformly sprayed on the front and the back of the leaves, and the back of the leaves is sprayed in a key way until the leaves drip. If the plant growth regulator is sprayed, in rainy days, the plant growth regulator is applied for one time after the plants are sunny; 4, 14 days in 4 months, spraying the plant growth regulator for the second time, and uniformly spraying the whole plant with water and the plant growth regulator with the same concentration as those in 9 days in 4 months at about 10 am until water drops; 4, 19 days, repeating the last two times, and uniformly spraying the plant growth regulator on the whole plant.

The whole plant was examined for appearance quality at the stage of enlargement of the cherimoya fruits within 6 months and 20 days, and the control plant treated with water showed 30% of stiff fruits, one side of the fruits stopped developing in advance, and the pulp was fibrillated and lignified (fig. 1). The fruits of the plants treated by 10ppm or 15ppm developed normally and were uniform in size without dead fruits (FIG. 4). See table 2 specifically:

TABLE 2 fruit runout rate of litchi chinensis treated with different plant growth regulators

According to the data in the table 2, the plant growth regulators are sprayed in different fruit development stages (grain merging stage, young fruit stage and fruit expansion stage) of the Jizui litchi respectively, and the results show that in 2016, the rate of the stiff fruits of the Jizui litchi in a control group (namely a group with the concentration of 0) reaches 35%, and when the concentration of the fruits in the grain merging stage is increased from 5ppm to 15ppm through forchlorfenuron treatment, the rate of the stiff fruits of the Jizui litchi is remarkably reduced to zero; the growth of the plants in the young fruit period is treated by the plant growth regulator, and the rate of the stiff fruit is reduced from 35 percent to 30 percent; the fruit swelling period treatment has no influence on the fruit stiffness rate.

Similarly, the coprinus comatus treated with the plant growth regulator in 2017 and 2018 can reduce the fruit-rigor rate to zero.

Therefore, the effect of reducing the fruit stiffness rate of the fruits of the Jizui litchi by spraying the plant growth regulator in the grain merging period is obvious.

The summary is as follows: 1. after the treatment of 10-15 ppm, the proportion of the stiff fruits is obviously reduced; 2. different from the application of plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron in other litchi varieties, most of the plant growth regulator is sprayed in the young fruit stage or the fruit rapid expansion stage of fruits to promote fruit expansion, but the mature stage of the fruits is delayed and the fruits are slowly colored (Yangmifu and the like, 2015). Therefore, the method of the invention improves the appearance quality of the fruit and does not change the mature period of the fruit.

Example 2

The litchi orchard in 2018 is located in a wide-cultivated (famous) national tropical agricultural park, is a national AAAA level tourist attraction, and is used for producing the litchi tree.

Selecting 27 chickpea trees with consistent growth vigor and a ten-year-old vigor weaker than that of the chickpea in a resource garden of the longan of a fruit tree, wherein 9 water spraying treatments are used as a contrast and are respectively sprayed in a grain merging period, a young fruit period and a fruit expanding period; the remaining 18 plants were treated with the plant growth regulator described herein at concentrations of 5ppm and 10ppm, respectively, with 9 replicates per concentration. Spraying 3 plants at each concentration in a grain merging period, a young fruit period and a fruit expanding period respectively.

4, 5 months and a merging period of the Jizui litchis, at about 10 am in sunny days, treating the Jizui litchis with water or a plant growth regulator with the concentration of 5ppm or 10ppm, spraying the whole plant by using a knapsack sprayer, and uniformly spraying the fertilizer on the front and back surfaces of the leaves until the leaves drip; spraying forchlorfenuron for the second time in 10 days after 4 months, and repeating the operation for 5 days after 4 months at about 10 am; 4, 15 days, the same operations as the previous two times are carried out.

In the expansion period of the cherimoya fruits, the appearance quality of the whole cherimoya fruit is investigated within 6 months and 22 days, 50 percent of runt fruits appear in the fruit of a control plant treated by water, one side of the fruit stops developing in advance, the pulp is fibrous and lignified, and the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10ppm is adopted to treat the plant fruits to develop normally and have uniform size without runt fruits.

The statistical result of 5 days after 7 months shows that the adoption of the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10ppm for spraying the chervil decreases the fruit-hardening rate from 50 percent to 0 (table 3), and improves the kernel-burning rate without drug residue.

TABLE 3.2018 fruit stiffness rate of widely reclaimed (Caragana) national tropical agricultural park after treatment of its different concentration plant growth regulator

Example 3

The 2018-year Jizui litchi orchard is located in the litchi orchard of Jizui litchi professional cooperation society of Lianjiang, Zhan, and Lianjiang.

Selecting 27 medium-growing eight-year-old Jizui litchi trees with strong tree vigor, wherein 9 water spraying treatments are used as a control group and are respectively sprayed in a grain merging period, a young fruit period and a fruit expanding period, and 3 plants are sprayed in each period; the rest 18 plants are treated by the plant growth regulator, and are sprayed respectively in the grain merging stage, the young fruit stage and the fruit expansion stage, and 6 plants are sprayed in each stage; the concentration was 10ppm, of which 3 were sprayed with a hand-held sprayer for each single panicle and 3 were sprayed with a knapsack sprayer for the entire plant.

3, 31 days in 3 months, the merging period of the Jizui litchis, about 10 am in sunny days, treating the Jizui litchis with water or a plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10ppm, and uniformly spraying the mixture on the front and the back of the leaves until the leaves drip. Spraying the flower spikes until the flower spikes drip; 4, 6 days in month 4, spraying the plant growth regulator for the second time, and uniformly spraying the whole plant or each single flower spike with the plant growth regulator with the same concentration as that in 31 days in month 3 at about 10 am; 4, 11 days, and spraying plant growth regulator with the same concentration as that of the plant growth regulator sprayed on the whole plant or flower spike in the last time in 31 days in 3 months.

In the expansion period of the cherimoya fruits, 21 days in 6 months, the appearance quality of the whole plant is investigated, 25% of stiff fruits appear in the control plant fruits, one side of the fruits stops growing in advance, and the pulp is fibrous and lignified; the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10ppm is used for treating the whole plant, the fruit development is normal, the size is uniform, no stiff fruit exists, but the treatment that the plant growth regulator is only sprayed on each single flower spike has no obvious effect compared with a control group.

The statistical result of 3 days after 7 months shows that the whole plant of the litchi chinensis var.mellea is sprayed with the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10ppm, so that the rate of the stiff fruit is reduced from 25% to 0, the fruit expansion is promoted, the yield of the litchi chinensis var.mellea fruit is improved by 7%, and the commodity value is increased.

TABLE 4.2018 fruit Stiff percentage of Annona squamosa after treatment with plant growth regulator of Nisshi Mitsubishi professional Cooperation

The fruit quality after treatment with plant growth regulators in 3 regions was summarized and the results are shown in table 5:

TABLE 5.2018 fruit quality of fructus litchi in different regions after treatment with plant growth regulator at merging stage

From the data in table 5, it can be seen that after the plant growth regulators with different concentrations are sprayed on the Jizui litchi in the longan resource garden of the institute of agriculture academy of sciences in Guangdong province, the dead fruit rate is reduced from 30% to 0% and the scorched kernel rate is increased from 60% to 100% after the treatment of 10-15 ppm of the plant growth regulators (fig. 5) compared with the blank control group (i.e., the group with the concentration of 0); in addition, the yield of the Jizui litchi fruits is improved by 4% to a certain extent by spraying the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10 ppm; however, the application of the plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron is delayed in fruit ripening stage and is different from other reports in that the fruit coloring is slow, and the fruit ripening stage is not influenced by spraying 10-15 ppm of the plant growth regulator in the fruit merging stage.

Because pesticide spraying and organic fertilizer dressing are forbidden in tropical agricultural parks in widely reclaimed (famous) countries, the vigor of the litchis with chicken beak is weak, the annual yield is low, but the phenomenon of the fruit runt is more serious than that of other two areas, the fruit runt rate reaches 60%, the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10ppm can obviously reduce the fruit runt rate, the fruits basically and completely return to normal, the sizes of the fruits are uniform (figure 4), and the mature period of the fruits is not influenced.

The litchi orchard litchi management level of the Lirioya amansii professional cooperative, Liriowa Zhendai litchi is high, the tree vigor is strong, the water and fertilizer are sufficient, the rate of dead fruits is about 20%, after the plant growth regulator is treated by the whole plant, the dead fruits do not appear, the yield of the Jizui litchi fruits is improved by 7%, and the mature period of the fruits is not influenced.

In a word, the plant growth regulator with the concentration of 10-15 ppm can obviously reduce the rate of the dead fruits of the litchi chinensis franch to zero, and the rate of the charred seeds of the litchi chinensis franch in a longan resource garden of the research institute of fruit trees of the academy of agricultural sciences of Guangdong province is increased from 50% to 80%.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable way without contradiction, and the present invention is not described in any other way in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

Claims

1. A plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron is characterized by comprising 10-15 ppm of forchlorfenuron, 0.02-0.04% of a surfactant and the balance of auxiliary materials in percentage by mass.

2. The plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant is an agricultural silicone and the auxiliary material is sucrose.

3. Use of a plant growth regulator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2.

4. The use as claimed in claim 3, for preventing stalemate formation in litchis.

5. The use as claimed in claim 4, for preventing stalemate of litchi, comprising the steps of: spraying the plant growth regulator containing forchlorfenuron according to any one of claims 1 to 2 on the front and back surfaces of the leaves until the leaves drip.

6. The use as claimed in claim 5, wherein the litchi variety is Chouioia litchi.

7. The use of claim 6, wherein the whole female parent plant is subjected to spray application.

8. The use as claimed in claims 5 to 7, wherein the spraying period is the merging period of the fruits of litchi canephora.

9. The use of claim 8, wherein the spraying frequency is: spraying the mixture once every 5 to 7 days for three times.

10. The use of claim 9, wherein the spraying time is about 10 am on a sunny day.