CN110738407A - Method for determining stage time of flood - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an flood stage time determination method which comprises the steps of flood peak scatter diagram point drawing, flood peak scatter point upper and lower outer envelope line drawing, upper and lower outer envelope line overlapping section or minimum distance section determination and flood stage time calculation, wherein the method can fully consider the distribution, magnitude and switching point conditions of flood peak occurrence time, improve the accuracy of determination of flood time stage points, and can obtain flood stages through calculation, thereby avoiding the subjective arbitrariness of time point determination of the conventional analysis method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological computing, in particular to a method for determining the stage time of flood.
Background
The stage-by-stage flood design is an important basis for design and operation scheduling of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. According to the requirements of 'flood calculation standards for water conservancy and hydropower engineering' in China, flood staging is carried out when the change rule and the quantity level difference of flood cause are obvious. Flood staging is mainly based on seasonal characteristics, such as the difference between summer flood and fall flood, plum rain and typhoon rain, and is difficult to accurately stage due to the large randomness of annual flood seasonal variation.
The method for determining flood stage time at the present stage mainly comprises statistical analysis of weather situation conversion time points, visual interpretation of flood peak scatter diagrams, analysis of flood peak frequency in fixed time periods, analysis of flood peak magnitude in fixed time periods and the like. The method has larger arbitrariness in determining the stage time of the flood due to the random characteristics and the influence of the length of the statistical time period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide flood stage time determination methods aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for determining the stage time of floods, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dot-plotting a flood peak scatter diagram;
s2, drawing an upper and a lower outer-wrapping lines of the flood peak scattering points;
s3, determining an upper and lower outsourcing line overlapping section or a minimum distance section;
and S4, calculating flood stage time.
, in step S1, the peak appearance time is plotted as the abscissa and the peak size is plotted as the ordinate according to the peak information of the hydrological station over the years.
, in step S2, smoothly connecting the peak scattering points at the top and bottom according to the peak scattering point diagram, drawing the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the peak scattering points, and defining the peak scattering points (x) passing through the upper and lower outer envelope lines in the order of appearance timei，yi) 1, 2, … n and a lower envelope flood peak scattering point (x'j，y′j)，j＝1，2，…m。
, in the step S3, (x) is calculated according to the upper and lower outer envelope of the flood peak scatter pointsi，yi)、(x′j，y′j) And determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines according to the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope lines.
, in step S4, according to the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer covering lines, the turning point flood peak of the overlapping section or the minimum distance section is determined according to the upper and lower outer covering lines, and the flood stage time can be calculated by adopting the method of the middle position of the turning point flood peak and the flood peak adjacent in sequence, the average time of the turning point flood peak falling into the water or the average time of the flood peak rising into the water.
And , the flood peak can be the annual maximum flood peak or several flood peaks with the annual flood peak level ranking at the top.
And , connecting the maximum value or the minimum value of the flood peak respectively according to the flood peak appearance time sequence, and considering the smooth trend.
, the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope is the difference between the ordinate of the upper and lower outer envelope, and can be calculated by a graphical method (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) The distance between the corresponding upper and lower outer envelope lines along the ordinate; or by the formula (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Corresponding upper and lower envelope line distances.
(xi，yi) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
(x′j，y′j) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
in the formula: calculating (x)i，yi) X 'is assumed for the corresponding upper and lower outsource line distances'j≤xi＜x′j+1(ii) a Calculating (x'j,y′j) Assuming x at corresponding upper and lower envelope distancesi≤x′j＜xi+1。
At all measured (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Selecting the shortest distance from the corresponding ordinate distances, or calculating Min { Δ yi，Δy′jFind the difference of the minimum ordinate.
The difference between the vertical coordinates of the overlapped section, namely the upper and lower outer envelope lines is 0, and the difference between the shortest distance section, namely the vertical coordinate of the upper and lower outer envelope lines is minimum.
, the turning point flood is opposite before and after passing the flood point, i.e. y is satisfied simultaneouslyi-1＞yiAnd yi+1＞yi。
, the middle positions of the turning point flood peak and the sequential adjacent flood peak are corresponding time positions with the same distance from the cross coordinates of the two flood peaks, and the time positions can be calculated by using a formula
The turning point flood peak water falling average time refers to the time of the hydrologic station which is based on the flow from the flood peak to the rising point in an average way for many years;
the average time of the water rise of the flood peaks adjacent in sequence refers to the time of the hydrologic station to rise from the rising point to the flood peak for years;
the average time of water rising and falling can be calculated according to the time statistics of the water rising section and the water falling section of the flood process line of each year of the hydrological station.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can fully consider the distribution, magnitude and conversion point conditions of the flood peak occurrence time, and improve the accuracy of determining the flood time division points; the method can obtain flood stages through calculation, and avoids subjective arbitrariness determined by time points of a conventional analysis method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is schematically illustrating the principle of flood stage time determination method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the method for determining the flood stage time of kinds according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
For purposes of making the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, flood stage time determination methods include the following steps:
1) and (5) dot-plotting a flood peak scatter diagram. According to the historical flood peak data of the hydrological station, a flood peak scatter diagram with the flood peak appearance time as the abscissa and the flood peak size as the ordinate is plotted.
2) And drawing upper and lower outer covering lines of the flood peak scattering points. According to the peak scatter diagram, smoothly connecting peak scatter points at the top and bottom ends, respectively, drawing upper and lower outer envelope lines of the peak scatter points, and defining peak scatter points (x) passing through the upper and lower outer envelope lines according to the appearance time sequencei，yi) 1, 2, … n and a lower envelope flood peak scattering point (x'j，y′j)，j＝1，2，…m。
3) And determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines. Calculating (x) according to the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scatter pointsi，yi)、(x′j，y′j) And determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines according to the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope lines.
4) And calculating flood staging time. According to the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer covering lines, the turning point flood peak of the overlapping section or the minimum distance section is determined according to the upper outer covering line, and the flood stage time can be calculated by adopting methods such as the middle position between the turning point flood peak and the flood peak adjacent in sequence, the average time of the turning point flood peak falling into water or the average time of the flood peak rising and water of the flood peak adjacent in sequence.
As technical optimization schemes, the flood peak can be the annual maximum flood peak or several flood peaks with the annual flood peak level ranking at the top.
As technical optimization schemes of the invention, the flood peak dispersion point smooth connection line is to follow the time sequence of flood peak occurrence, respectively connect the maximum value or the minimum value of the flood peak, and consider the smooth trend.
As technical optimization schemes of the invention, the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope is the difference of the ordinate of the upper and lower outer envelope, and can be calculated by a graphical method (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) The distance between the corresponding upper and lower outer envelope lines along the ordinate; or by the formula (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Corresponding upper and lower envelope line distances.
(xi，yi) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
(x′i，y′j) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
in the formula: calculating (x)i，yi) X 'is assumed for the corresponding upper and lower outsource line distances'j≤xi＜x′j+1(ii) a Calculating (x'j，y′j) Assuming x at corresponding upper and lower envelope distancesi≤x′j＜xi+1。
At all measured (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Selecting the shortest distance from the corresponding ordinate distances, or calculating Min (Δ y)i，Δy′jFind the difference of the minimum ordinate.
The difference of the vertical coordinates of the overlapped section, namely the upper and lower outer envelope lines is 0; the shortest distance section is the smallest difference between the vertical coordinates of the upper and lower outer envelope lines.
As technical optimization schemes of the invention, the turning point flood peak refers to the situation before and after passing through the flood peak point is opposite, namely, y is satisfied simultaneouslyi-1＞yiAnd yi+1＞yi。
As technical optimization schemes, the middle positions of turning point flood peaks and sequential adjacent flood peaks are time positions which are equal to and correspond to transverse coordinates of the two flood peaks, and the time positions can be calculated by using a formula
The turning point flood peak water falling average time refers to the time of the hydrologic station which is based on the flow from the flood peak to the rising point in an average way for many years; the average time of the water rise of the successive adjacent flood peaks refers to the time of the hydrologic station to rise from the rising point to the flood peak for years. The average time of water rising and falling can be calculated according to the time statistics of the water rising section and the water falling section of the flood process line of each year of the hydrological station.
Examples
(1) Dot-plot peak scatter plot
Selecting hydrological stations needing flood stage calculation according to requirements, collecting flood peak flow data of the hydrological stations which are arranged in front of the annual maximum flood peak or annual flood peak magnitude, and drawing a flood peak scatter diagram by using the flood peak appearance time as an abscissa and the flood peak size as an ordinate (see figure 1).
(2) Drawing the upper and lower envelope lines of the scattered points of the flood peak
According to the flood peak scatter diagram, the flood peak scatter points positioned at the uppermost end and the lowermost end are respectively connected according to the time sequence of flood peak appearance, and the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scatter points are drawn in consideration of smooth trend (see fig. 1).
(3) Determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines
According to the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scattering points, the longitudinal coordinate distance of the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scattering points passing through the outer envelope lines can be calculated according to a graphical method, or the corresponding longitudinal coordinate difference value of the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scattering points passing through the outer envelope lines can be calculated according to a numerical calculation method, and the point or the section with the shortest distance or the smallest longitudinal coordinate difference value is selected.
Numerical calculation method (x)i，yi) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
(x′j，y′j) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
in the formula: calculating (x)i，yi) X 'is assumed for the corresponding upper and lower outsource line distances'j≤xi＜x′j+1(ii) a Calculating (x'j，y′j) Assuming x at corresponding upper and lower envelope distancesi≤x′j＜xi+1。
At all measured (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Selecting the shortest distance from the corresponding ordinate distances, or calculating Min { Δ yi，Δy′jFind the difference of the minimum ordinate.
If the difference between the vertical coordinates of the upper and lower envelope lines is 0, the overlapping section is defined (fig. 1); if the difference between the vertical coordinates of the upper and lower envelope lines is the minimum, the shortest distance segment is obtained (fig. 2).
(4) Flood staging time calculation
According to the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines, the front and back trends of the flood peak point data are judged by considering the flood peak point data of the overlapping section or the outer envelope line point data of the minimum distance section. If the trends before and after passing a certain peak point are opposite, that is, y is satisfied simultaneouslyi-1＞yiAnd yi+1＞yiAnd judging the peak flood point as the turning point peak flood. Adopting the middle position of turning point peak and the sequence adjacent peak
And calculating flood stage time by methods such as turning point flood peak water falling average time or sequential adjacent flood peak water rising average time. The average time of water rising and falling can be calculated according to the time statistics of the water rising section and the water falling section of the flood process line of each year of the hydrological station.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1, flood stage time determination method, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dot-plotting a flood peak scatter diagram;
s2, drawing an upper and a lower outer-wrapping lines of the flood peak scattering points;
s3, determining an upper and lower outsourcing line overlapping section or a minimum distance section;
and S4, calculating flood stage time.
2. The method of flood stage time determinations as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1, the peak occurrence time is plotted as the abscissa and the peak size is plotted as the ordinate according to the peak information of the hydrologic station over the years.
3. The flood stage time determination method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, said flood peak dispersing points at the top and bottom are smoothly connected according to said flood peak dispersing point graph, upper and lower envelope lines of said flood peak dispersing points are drawn, and flood peak dispersing points (x) passing through the upper and lower envelope lines are defined in order of appearance timei，yi) 1, 2, … n and a lower envelope flood peak scattering point (x'i，y′j)，j＝1，2，…m。
4. The method of flood stage time according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, (x) is calculated according to the upper and lower envelopes of the flood peak scatter pointsi，yi)、(x′j，y′j) And determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines according to the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope lines.
5. The flood stage time determination method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the flood stage time is calculated by determining the turning point flood peak of the overlapping section or the minimum distance section according to the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower envelope lines, and using the middle position between the turning point flood peak and the successive adjacent flood peak, the mean time of the turning point flood peak or the mean time of the successive adjacent flood peak.
6. The flood stage time determination method of claim 2, wherein said flood peak can be the annual maximum flood peak or several flood peaks with the annual flood peak level ranking first.
7. The flood stage time determination method of claim 3, wherein said peak dispersion point smooth connection should follow the peak appearance time sequence, respectively connect the maximum value or the minimum value of the peak, and consider the trend smooth.
8. The flood stage time determination method of claim 4, wherein the distance between the upper and lower envelopes is the difference between the ordinate of the upper and lower envelopes, and is calculated by a graphical method (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) The distance between the corresponding upper and lower outer envelope lines along the ordinate; or by the formula (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Corresponding upper and lower outer wrapping line distances;
(xi，yi) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
(x′j，y′j) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
in the formula: calculating (x)i，yi) X 'is assumed for the corresponding upper and lower outsource line distances'j≤xi＜x′j+1(ii) a Calculating (x'j，y′j) Assuming x at corresponding upper and lower envelope distancesi≤x′j＜xi+1；
At all measured (x)i，yi)、(x′i，y′j) Selecting the shortest distance from the corresponding ordinate distances, or calculating Min { Δ yi，Δy′jSolving the difference of the minimum ordinate;
the difference between the vertical coordinates of the overlapped section, namely the upper and lower outer envelope lines is 0, and the difference between the shortest distance section, namely the vertical coordinate of the upper and lower outer envelope lines is minimum.
9. The flood stage time determination method of claim 5, wherein the turning point flood peak indicates that the trends before and after passing through the flood peak point are opposite, i.e. y is satisfied simultaneouslyi-1＞yiAnd yi+1＞yi。
10. The flood stage time determining method of claim 5, wherein the turning point peak and the middle position of the successive neighboring peaks are corresponding time positions with equal distance from the abscissa of the two peaks, and the time positions can be calculated by a formula
The turning point flood peak water falling average time refers to the time of the hydrologic station which is based on the flow from the flood peak to the rising point in an average way for many years;
the average time of the water rise of the flood peaks adjacent in sequence refers to the time of the hydrologic station to rise from the rising point to the flood peak for years;
the average time of water rising and falling can be calculated according to the time statistics of the water rising section and the water falling section of the flood process line of each year of the hydrological station.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112561214A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-03-26 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method and system for automatically identifying flood of field |
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