CN110738407B - Flood stage time determination method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a flood stage time determination method, which comprises the steps of flood peak scatter diagram point drawing, flood peak scatter point upper and lower outer envelope line drawing, determination of upper and lower outer envelope line overlapping sections or minimum distance sections, and flood stage time calculation; the method can fully consider the distribution, magnitude and conversion point conditions of the flood peak occurrence time, and improve the accuracy of determining the flood time division points; the method can obtain flood stages through calculation, and avoids subjective arbitrariness determined by time points of a conventional analysis method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrological computing, in particular to a flood staging time determining method.
Background
The stage-by-stage flood design is an important basis for design and operation scheduling of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. According to the requirements of 'flood calculation standards for water conservancy and hydropower engineering' in China, flood staging is carried out when the change rule and the quantity level difference of flood cause are obvious. Flood staging is mainly based on seasonal characteristics, such as the difference between summer flood and fall flood, plum rain and typhoon rain, and is difficult to accurately stage due to the large randomness of annual flood seasonal variation.
The method for determining flood stage time at the present stage mainly comprises statistical analysis of weather situation conversion time points, visual interpretation of flood peak scatter diagrams, analysis of flood peak frequency in fixed time periods, analysis of flood peak magnitude in fixed time periods and the like. Due to the influence of the random characteristic and the statistical time period, the method has great arbitrariness in determining the flood stage time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flood stage time determining method aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a flood stage time determining method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, dot-plotting a flood peak scatter diagram;
s2, drawing an upper and lower outer wrapping line of the Hongfeng scatter point;
s3, determining an upper and lower outsourcing line overlapping section or a minimum distance section;
and S4, calculating flood stage time.
Further, in the step S1, according to the historical peak data of the hydrological station, the peak appearance time is plotted as the abscissa and the peak size is plotted as the ordinate.
Further, in step S2, according to the peak scattergram, smoothly connecting the peak scattergrams at the uppermost end and the lowermost end, respectively, drawing an upper and a lower envelope of the peak scattergrams, and defining peak scattergrams (x) passing through the upper and the lower envelope in order of appearance timei，yi) 1, 2, … n and a lower envelope flood peak scattering point (x'j，y′j)，j＝1，2，…m。
Further, in the step S3, (x) is calculated according to the upper and lower outer envelope of the peak scatter pointi，yi)、(x′j，y′j) And determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines according to the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope lines.
Further, in the step S4, according to the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer covering lines, the turning point flood peak of the overlapping section or the minimum distance section is determined according to the upper and lower outer covering lines, and the flood stage time can be calculated by using the method of the middle position between the turning point flood peak and the flood peak adjacent in sequence, the water falling average time of the turning point flood peak or the water rising average time of the flood peak adjacent in sequence.
Further, the flood peak can be the annual maximum flood peak or several flood peaks with the annual flood peak level ranking in the front.
Further, the smooth connecting line of the flood peak scatter points should follow the time sequence of the flood peak appearance, respectively connect the maximum value or the minimum value of the flood peak, and consider the smooth trend.
Further, the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope is the difference between the vertical coordinates of the upper and lower outer envelope, and can be calculated by a graphical method (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) The distance of the corresponding upper and lower outer envelope lines along the ordinate; or calculated according to the formula (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Corresponding upper and lower envelope line distances.
(xi，yi) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
(x′j，y′j) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
in the formula: calculating (x)i，yi) X 'is assumed for the corresponding upper and lower outsource line distances'j≤xi＜x′j+1(ii) a Calculated (x'j,y′j) Corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer envelope lines, assume xi≤x′j＜xi+1。
At all measured (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Selecting the shortest distance from the corresponding ordinate distances, or calculating Min { Δ y }i，Δy′jFind the difference of the minimum ordinate.
The difference between the vertical coordinates of the overlapped section, namely the upper and lower outer envelope lines is 0, and the difference between the shortest distance section, namely the vertical coordinate of the upper and lower outer envelope lines is minimum.
Further, the turning point flood peak refers to the opposite trend before and after the flood peak point, namely, y is satisfied simultaneouslyi-1＞yiAnd yi+1＞yi。
Furthermore, the middle positions of the turning point flood peak and the sequential adjacent flood peaks are corresponding time positions with equal cross coordinates away from the two flood peaks, and the time positions can be calculated by using a formula
The turning point flood peak water falling average time refers to the time of the hydrologic station which is based on the flow from the flood peak to the rising point in an average way for many years;
the average time of the water rise of the successive adjacent flood peaks refers to the time for the hydrologic station to rise from the rising point to the flood peak for years;
the average time of water rising and falling can be calculated according to the time statistics of the water rising section and the water falling section of the flood process line of each year of the hydrological station.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can fully consider the distribution, magnitude and conversion point conditions of the flood peak occurrence time, and improve the accuracy of determining the flood time division points; the method can obtain flood stages through calculation, and avoids subjective arbitrariness determined by time points of a conventional analysis method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flood staging time determination method according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a second schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a flood stage time determination method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1: a flood stage time determining method comprises the following steps:
1) and (5) dot-plotting a flood peak scatter diagram. According to the historical flood peak data of the hydrological station, a flood peak scatter diagram with the flood peak appearance time as the abscissa and the flood peak size as the ordinate is plotted.
2) And drawing upper and lower outer covering lines of the flood peak scattering points. According to the peak scatter diagram, smoothly connecting the peak scatter points at the top and bottom ends, drawing the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the peak scatter points, and defining the peak scatter points (x) passing through the upper and lower outer envelope lines according to the appearance time sequencei，yi) 1, 2, … n and a lower envelope flood peak scattering point (x'j，y′j)，j＝1，2，…m。
3) And determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines. (x) is calculated according to the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the scatter points of the flood peaki，yi)、(x′j，y′j) And determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines according to the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope lines.
4) And calculating flood staging time. According to the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer covering lines, the turning point flood peak of the overlapping section or the minimum distance section is determined according to the upper outer covering line, and the flood stage time can be calculated by adopting methods such as the middle position between the turning point flood peak and the flood peak adjacent in sequence, the average time of the turning point flood peak falling into water or the average time of the flood peak rising and water of the flood peak adjacent in sequence.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the flood peak can be the annual maximum flood peak or several flood peaks with the annual flood peak level ranking in the front.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the smooth connection line of the flood peak dispersion points is to follow the time sequence of the occurrence of the flood peaks, respectively connect the maximum value or the minimum value of the flood peaks, and consider the smooth trend.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the distance between the upper outer envelope and the lower outer envelope is the difference of the vertical coordinates of the upper outer envelope and the lower outer envelope, and can be calculated according to a graphical method (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) The distance of the corresponding upper and lower outer envelope lines along the ordinate; or by the formula (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Corresponding upper and lower envelope line distances.
(xi，yi) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
(x′i，y′j) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
in the formula: calculating (x)i，yi) X 'is assumed for the corresponding upper and lower outsourcing line distances'j≤xi＜x′j+1(ii) a Calculating (x'j，y′j) Assuming x at corresponding upper and lower envelope distancesi≤x′j＜xi+1。
At all theCalculated (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Selecting the shortest distance from the corresponding ordinate distances, or calculating Min (Δ y)i，Δy′jThe difference between the minimum ordinates is calculated.
The difference between the vertical coordinates of the overlapping section, namely the upper and lower outer envelope lines, is 0; the shortest distance section is the smallest difference between the vertical coordinates of the upper and lower outer envelope lines.
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the turning point flood peak refers to the situation before and after passing through the flood peak point is opposite, namely, y is satisfied at the same timei-1＞yiAnd yi+1＞yi。
As a technical optimization scheme of the invention, the middle positions of the turning point flood peak and the sequential adjacent flood peaks are time positions which are equal to and corresponding to the coordinates of the two flood peaks, and the time positions can be calculated by a formula
The turning point peak water falling average time refers to the time for the hydrological station to averagely drop from the peak to the rising point flow for years; the average time of the water rise of the flood peaks adjacent to the sequence refers to the time of the hydrologic station which is based on the average rise from the rise point to the flood peak for years. The average time of water rising and falling can be calculated according to the time statistics of the water rising section and the water falling section of the flood process line of each year of the hydrological station.
Examples
(1) Dot-plot flood peak scatter diagram
Selecting hydrological stations needing flood stage calculation according to requirements, collecting flood peak flow data of the hydrological stations which are arranged in front of the annual maximum flood peak or annual flood peak magnitude, and drawing a flood peak scatter diagram by using the flood peak appearance time as an abscissa and the flood peak size as an ordinate (see figure 1).
(2) Drawing the upper and lower envelope lines of the scattered points of the flood peak
According to the flood peak scatter diagram, the flood peak scatter points positioned at the uppermost end and the lowermost end are respectively connected according to the time sequence of flood peak appearance, and the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scatter points are drawn in consideration of smooth trend (see fig. 1).
(3) Determining the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines
According to the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scatter points, the longitudinal coordinate distance of the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scatter points of the outer envelope lines can be calculated according to a graphical method, or the corresponding longitudinal coordinate difference value of the upper and lower outer envelope lines of the flood peak scatter points of the outer envelope lines can be calculated according to a numerical calculation method, and the point or the section with the shortest distance or the smallest longitudinal coordinate difference value is selected.
Numerical calculation method (x)i，yi) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
(x′j，y′j) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
in the formula: calculating (x)i，yi) X 'is assumed for the corresponding upper and lower outsourcing line distances'j≤xi＜x′j+1(ii) a Calculating (x'j，y′j) Corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer envelope lines, assume xi≤x′j＜xi+1。
At all measured (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Selecting the shortest distance from the corresponding ordinate distances, or calculating Min { Δ y }i，Δy′jThe difference between the minimum ordinates is calculated.
If the difference between the vertical coordinates of the upper and lower envelope lines is 0, the overlapping section is defined (fig. 1); if the difference between the vertical coordinates of the upper and lower envelope lines is the minimum, the shortest distance segment is obtained (fig. 2).
(4) Flood staging time calculation
According to the coincidence section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer envelope lines, the front and back trends of the flood peak point data are judged by considering the flood peak point data of the coincidence section or the outer envelope line point data of the minimum distance section. If the trends before and after passing a certain peak point are opposite, that is, y is satisfied simultaneouslyi-1＞yiAnd yi+1＞yiAnd judging the peak flood point as the turning point peak flood. Adopting the middle position of turning point peak and the sequence adjacent peak
And calculating flood stage time by methods such as turning point flood peak water falling average time or sequential adjacent flood peak water rising average time. The average time of water rising and falling can be calculated according to the time statistics of the water rising section and the water falling section of the flood process line of each year of the hydrological station.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A flood staging time determining method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, dot-plotting a flood peak scatter diagram;
s2, drawing an upper and lower outer wrapping line of the Hongfeng scatter point;
s3, determining an upper and lower outsourcing line overlapping section or a minimum distance section;
s4, calculating flood stage time;
in the step S2, according to the peak scattergram, smoothly connecting the peak scattergrams at the uppermost end and the lowermost end, respectively, drawing upper and lower envelope lines of the peak scattergrams, and defining peak scattergrams (x) passing through the upper and lower envelope lines in order of appearance timei，yi) I ═ 1, 2, … n and lower envelope line flood peak scattering point (x'j，y′j)，j＝1，2，…m；
In the step S3, (x) is calculated according to the upper and lower outer envelopes of the flood peak scatter pointsi，yi)、(x′j，y′j) The distance between the corresponding upper and lower outer envelope lines determines the overlapping section or minimum of the upper and lower outer envelope linesA distance segment;
in step S4, according to the overlapping section or the minimum distance section of the upper and lower outer covering lines, the turning point peak of the overlapping section or the minimum distance section is determined according to the upper outer covering line, and the flood stage time can be calculated by using the method of the middle position between the turning point peak and the sequential adjacent peak, the mean time of falling water of the turning point peak or the mean time of rising water of the sequential adjacent peak.
2. A flood staging time determination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, according to the flood peak data of the hydrological station in the past year, the time of the flood peak is plotted as the abscissa and the size of the flood peak is plotted as the ordinate.
3. The flood staging time determination method of claim 2, wherein: the peak can be the annual maximum peak or several peaks with the highest peak level ranking every year.
4. The flood staging time determination method of claim 1, wherein: the smooth connection line of the flood peak scattering points is to follow the time sequence of the flood peak appearance, respectively connect the maximum value or the minimum value of the flood peak, and consider the smooth trend.
5. A flood staging time determination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the distance between the upper and lower outer envelope is the difference between the vertical coordinates of the upper and lower outer envelope, and can be calculated according to a graphical method (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) The distance of the corresponding upper and lower outer envelope lines along the ordinate; or calculated according to the formula (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Corresponding upper and lower outer wrapping line distances;
(xi，yi) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
(x′j，y′j) The corresponding distance between the upper and lower outer wrapping lines is as follows:
in the formula: calculating (x)i，yi) X 'is assumed for the corresponding upper and lower outsource line distances'j≤xi＜x′j+1(ii) a Calculated (x'j，y′j) Assuming x at corresponding upper and lower envelope distancesi≤x′j＜xi+1；
At all measured (x)i，yi)、(x′j，y′j) Selecting the shortest distance from the corresponding ordinate distances, or calculating Min { Δ yi，Δy′jCalculating the difference of the minimum ordinate;
the difference between the vertical coordinates of the overlapped section, namely the upper and lower outer envelope lines is 0, and the difference between the shortest distance section, namely the vertical coordinate of the upper and lower outer envelope lines is minimum.
6. A flood staging time determination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the breakover point flood peak refers to the situation before and after passing through the flood peak point is opposite, namely, y is satisfied simultaneouslyi-1＞yiAnd yi+1＞yi。
7. A flood staging time determination method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the intermediate positions of the turning point flood peak and the sequentially adjacent flood peak are corresponding time positions with equal crosscoordinates of the two flood peaks, and the time positions can be calculated by using a formula
The turning point peak water falling average time refers to the time for the hydrological station to averagely drop from the peak to the rising point flow for years;
the average time of the water rise of the flood peaks adjacent in sequence refers to the time of the hydrologic station to rise from the rising point to the flood peak for years;
the average time of water rising and falling can be calculated according to the time statistics of the water rising section and the water falling section of the flood process line of each year of the hydrological station.
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| US4155726A (en) * | 1976-06-07 | 1979-05-22 | Monsanto Company | Horizontally disposed cylindrical fiber bed separator for separation of aerosols from gases |
| CN107239656A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-10-10 | 武汉大学 | Division of flood seasonal phases quantifying risk evaluation method |
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| 分形理论用于洪水分期的初步探讨;侯玉等;《水科学进展》;19990630(第02期);第41-44页 * |
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