CN110736727A - 一种土壤污染检测方法 - Google Patents

一种土壤污染检测方法 Download PDF

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CN110736727A
CN110736727A CN201911042551.3A CN201911042551A CN110736727A CN 110736727 A CN110736727 A CN 110736727A CN 201911042551 A CN201911042551 A CN 201911042551A CN 110736727 A CN110736727 A CN 110736727A
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黄薇薇
黃梓钧
黄玉霞
黄明华
高艳
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China Hui Green Househouse Technology (beijing) Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种土壤污染检测方法，包括以下步骤：划定土壤检测区域并采集、土壤样品烘培、土壤样品研磨、土壤样品配制悬浮液、投加聚合氯化铝助凝剂与聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂、悬浮液水样加酸沉淀以及荧光光谱分析测试，本发明通过将土壤样品与水混合形成悬浮液，利用聚合氯化铝助凝剂与聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂对重金属来实现迅速又精确的捕捉，进而完成土壤的检测。

Description

一种土壤污染检测方法
技术领域
本发明属于土壤检测技术领域，更具体的说涉及一种土壤污染检测方法。
背景技术
土壤污染源主要来自于以重金属为代表的无机污染物和以有毒元素为代表的非金属通过化工合成的有机污染物，目前受到较多关注的重金属污染物有铬、镍、铜、铅及汞等，非金属污染物主要有砷、氟以及硒等，也包括酸、碱以及盐类等，这些有害污染物往往以农药、石油以及天然合成材料废弃污染物夹杂在土壤中释放有害污染元素，还有通过工业废水排放导致土壤污染，最终这些污染元素直接或间接进入人与其他生物体内，不仅危害人体身体健康，而且还导致其他生物逐渐死去，数量大大较少，可见隐藏在土壤中的污染物是非常地危险，而潜藏在土壤中的污染源一般不能通过肉眼发现，必须经过专业的检测手段来获得，现有的检测方法存在一些问题，如检测污染物不全面，部分有害元素存在漏检现象，而且检测出来的有毒元素含量不准确，造成土壤数据达到的假象屡屡发生，因此，如何制定能够快速又精确的土壤污染检测方法是当前土壤检测技术领域亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种土壤污染检测方法，能够实现土壤中铜、铬及镍等重金属快速又精确的测定，大大提升土壤重金属的检测效率，本发明检测技术方案在未来应用广泛，具备推广的前景。
为了实现以上目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种土壤污染检测方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：划定土壤检测区域，且在划定的土壤区域内采集取样；
S2：取出一定量土壤样品放置在电热箱内烘培处理，烘培的温度保持在90℃～100℃的条件下，烘培时间为8～10h，待土壤样品中的含水量在1～3％之间，则取出土壤样品；
S3：将烘培后的土壤样品放置在卧式研磨仪中做研磨处理，待研磨后，将土壤样品粉末放置在干式三维振动筛分仪中做筛分处理，且筛分后的土壤样品粉末直径在25～35μm；
S4：将土壤样品粉末在天平上称取3～5g，并制成50～150ml悬浮液水样，若测定PH值2～4之间，再投入60～80ml悬浮液水样，待反应10～20min，若测定的PH值小于2，再投入150～250ml悬浮液水样，待调节pH值至4～6后，再投入浓度为15％的BC-05SH溶液200ml，待反应10～20min；
S5：投加浓度15％的聚合氯化铝助凝剂200～300ml，并搅拌，待反应10min，形成沉淀物；
S6：再投加浓度为0.01％的聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂溶液150～250ml，并搅拌，待反应15min，形成沉淀物；
S7：在悬浮液水样中，再加入浓度为25％的稀盐酸100ml，并放置在坩埚上加热200～300℃，再加入浓度为20％的稀硝酸30～50ml，待反应20min，形成沉淀物；
S8：待上述处理完成后，对沉淀物做荧光光谱分析测试，即完成对土壤污染的检测。
优选地，聚合氯化铝助凝剂与聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂能够快速地捕捉到铬、镍等重金属。
有益效果：
1.本发明通过特定的土壤取样方法能够有效避免特定区域对土壤检测的误导，保证了土壤检测的准确性，减少了土壤的分析时间，有效提高了土壤检测效率。
2.本发明通过将土壤样品与水混合形成悬浮液，利用聚合氯化铝助凝剂与聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂对重金属来实现迅速又精确的捕捉，进而完成土壤的检测。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施方式对本发明进一步说明，但不限于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
一种土壤污染检测方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：划定土壤检测区域，且在划定的土壤区域内采集取样；
S2：取出一定量土壤样品放置在电热箱内烘培处理，烘培的温度保持在90℃的条件下，烘培时间为8h，待土壤样品中的含水量在1％，则取出土壤样品；
S3：将烘培后的土壤样品放置在卧式研磨仪中做研磨处理，待研磨后，将土壤样品粉末放置在干式三维振动筛分仪中做筛分处理，且筛分后的土壤样品粉末直径在25μm；
S4：将土壤样品粉末在天平上称取3g，并制成50ml悬浮液水样，若测定PH值2，再投入60ml悬浮液水样，待反应10min，若测定的PH值小于2，再投入150ml悬浮液水样，待调节pH值至4后，再投入浓度为15％的BC-05SH溶液200ml，待反应10min；
S5：投加浓度15％的聚合氯化铝助凝剂200ml，并搅拌，待反应10min，形成沉淀物；
S6：再投加浓度为0.01％的聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂溶液150ml，并搅拌，待反应15min，形成沉淀物；
S7：在悬浮液水样中，再加入浓度为25％的稀盐酸100ml，并放置在坩埚上加热200℃，再加入浓度为20％的稀硝酸30～50ml，待反应20min，形成沉淀物；
S8：待上述处理完成后，对沉淀物做荧光光谱分析测试，即完成对土壤污染的检测。
实施例2
S1：划定土壤检测区域，且在划定的土壤区域内采集取样；
S2：取出一定量土壤样品放置在电热箱内烘培处理，烘培的温度保持在95℃的条件下，烘培时间为9h，待土壤样品中的含水量在2％，则取出土壤样品；
S3：将烘培后的土壤样品放置在卧式研磨仪中做研磨处理，待研磨后，将土壤样品粉末放置在干式三维振动筛分仪中做筛分处理，且筛分后的土壤样品粉末直径在30μm；
S4：将土壤样品粉末在天平上称取4g，并制成100ml悬浮液水样，若测定PH值为3，再投入70ml悬浮液水样，待反应15min，若测定的PH值小于2，再投入200ml悬浮液水样，待调节pH值至5后，再投入浓度为15％的BC-05SH溶液200ml，待反应15min；
S5：投加浓度15％的聚合氯化铝助凝剂250ml，并搅拌，待反应10min，形成沉淀物；
S6：再投加浓度为0.01％的聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂溶液200ml，并搅拌，待反应15min，形成沉淀物；
S7：在悬浮液水样中，再加入浓度为25％的稀盐酸100ml，并放置在坩埚上加热250℃，再加入浓度为20％的稀硝酸40ml，待反应20min，形成沉淀物；
S8：待上述处理完成后，对沉淀物做荧光光谱分析测试，即完成对土壤污染的检测。
实施例3
S1：划定土壤检测区域，且在划定的土壤区域内采集取样；
S2：取出一定量土壤样品放置在电热箱内烘培处理，烘培的温度保持在100℃的条件下，烘培时间为10h，待土壤样品中的含水量在3％之间，则取出土壤样品；
S3：将烘培后的土壤样品放置在卧式研磨仪中做研磨处理，待研磨后，将土壤样品粉末放置在干式三维振动筛分仪中做筛分处理，且筛分后的土壤样品粉末直径在35μm；
S4：将土壤样品粉末在天平上称取5g，并制成150ml悬浮液水样，若测定PH值为4，再投入80ml悬浮液水样，待反应20min，若测定的PH值小于2，再投入250ml悬浮液水样，待调节pH值至6后，再投入浓度为15％的BC-05SH溶液200ml，待反应20min；
S5：投加浓度15％的聚合氯化铝助凝剂300ml，并搅拌，待反应10min，形成沉淀物；
S6：再投加浓度为0.01％的聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂溶液250ml，并搅拌，待反应15min，形成沉淀物；
S7：在悬浮液水样中，再加入浓度为25％的稀盐酸100ml，并放置在坩埚上加热300℃，再加入浓度为20％的稀硝酸50ml，待反应20min，形成沉淀物；
S8：待上述处理完成后，对沉淀物做荧光光谱分析测试，即完成对土壤污染的检测。
本发明技术方案对发明进行了示例性描述，显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性改进，或未经改进将发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (1)

1.一种土壤污染检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：划定土壤检测区域，且在划定的土壤区域内采集取样；
S2：取出一定量土壤样品放置在电热箱内烘培处理，烘培的温度保持在90℃～100℃的条件下，烘培时间为8～10h，待土壤样品中的含水量在1～3％之间，则取出土壤样品；
S3：将烘培后的土壤样品放置在卧式研磨仪中做研磨处理，待研磨后，将土壤样品粉末放置在干式三维振动筛分仪中做筛分处理，且筛分后的土壤样品粉末直径在25～35μm；
S4：将土壤样品粉末在天平上称取3～5g，并制成50～150ml悬浮液水样，若测定PH值2～4之间，再投入60～80ml悬浮液水样，待反应10～20min，若测定的PH值小于2，再投入150～250ml悬浮液水样，待调节pH值至4～6后，再投入浓度为15％的BC-05SH溶液200ml，待反应10～20min；
S5：投加浓度15％的聚合氯化铝助凝剂200～300ml，并搅拌，待反应10min，形成沉淀物；
S6：再投加浓度为0.01％的聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂溶液150～250ml，并搅拌，待反应15min，形成沉淀物；
S7：在悬浮液水样中，再加入浓度为25％的稀盐酸100ml，并放置在坩埚上加热200～300℃，再加入浓度为20％的稀硝酸30～50ml，待反应20min，形成沉淀物；
S8：待上述处理完成后，对沉淀物做荧光光谱分析测试，即完成对土壤污染的检测。
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CN112285326A (zh) * 2020-11-03 2021-01-29 湖南精泰检测有限公司 一种土壤污染检测方法
CN112577941A (zh) * 2020-11-13 2021-03-30 江苏海洋大学 一种土壤有机污染物检测方法
CN114354247A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-15 江苏朗地环境技术服务有限公司 一种土壤检测方法及其应用

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