CN110736682B - Magnetorheological suspensions flow mode rheology attribute testing arrangement - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rheological property testing device for a flowing mode of magnetorheological fluid, which comprises an outer shell and an inner core, wherein an annular gap is arranged between the outer shell and the inner core, an annular piston is arranged in the annular gap, two ends of the annular piston are respectively in sealed butt joint with the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular gap, the middle section of the annular piston is provided with a notch, the notch and the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular gap jointly enclose a containing cavity for containing the magnetorheological fluid, and under the action of a driving mechanism, the annular piston can move back and forth in the annular gap so as to drive the magnetorheological fluid to move synchronously; the shell or the inner core is provided with a coil winding, the coil winding is connected with an external current source through a wire, the coil winding generates an electromagnetic field after being electrified, and the generated electromagnetic field can radially and uniformly penetrate through the whole section of annular gap; and pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the two sensor mounting holes on the outer side of the shell. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the rheological property testing scheme under the flowing mode of the magnetorheological fluid is provided, and the testing accuracy is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of testing rheological properties of magnetorheological fluid, in particular to a device for testing the rheological properties of a magnetorheological fluid in a flowing mode.
Background
The magnetic rheological liquid is a controllable intelligent material, and is a suspension formed by mixing ferromagnetic particles with high magnetic conductivity and low magnetic hysteresis with non-magnetic conductive liquid. The low viscosity Newtonian fluid characteristic is presented in zero magnetic field, and the Bingham fluid characteristic with high viscosity and low fluidity is presented in strong magnetic field. Magnetorheological fluids have found wide application in vibration control, mechanical transmission, polishing processes, automation, and other fields.
The measurement of the yield stress and the response time attribute of the magnetorheological fluid has important significance for the design and control method of the magnetorheological device. The magnetorheological fluid has three different working modes, namely a flowing mode, a shearing mode and an extrusion mode. The rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid are different in three different working modes. Therefore, in order to realize accurate mechanical model description and efficient nonlinear control of the magnetorheological device, the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid in three different working modes must be respectively tested and obtained.
At present, all devices for measuring rheological properties of magnetorheological fluids are based on a shear mode. However, the magnetorheological fluid in the shear mode is affected by the centrifugal effect, and the measured result is not accurate, that is, the current testing technology cannot actually measure the magnetorheological fluid at a high shear rate. Magnetorheological fluid property measuring instruments based on a flow mode are rarely reported, and only a cylindrical magnetorheological fluid testing device has a large part of magnetorheological fluid arranged outside an electromagnetic field, so that the accumulation phenomenon that suspended particles in the magnetorheological fluid are accumulated and mother liquor flows out can be generated, and the result of inaccurate testing result is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a rheological property testing device for a flowing mode of magnetorheological fluid so as to ensure the accurate testing of the rheological property of the magnetorheological fluid.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the magnetorheological fluid flowing mode rheological property testing device comprises a shell and an inner core arranged in an inner cavity of the shell, wherein an annular gap is formed between the shell and the inner core, an annular piston is arranged in the annular gap, two ends of the annular piston are respectively in sealed butt joint with the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular gap, a notch is formed in the middle section of the annular piston, the notch and the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular gap jointly form a containing cavity for containing magnetorheological fluid, and under the action of a driving mechanism, the annular piston can move back and forth in the annular gap so as to drive the magnetorheological fluid in the notch of the annular piston to move synchronously;
the shell or the inner core is provided with a coil winding, the coil winding is connected with an external current source through a wire, the coil winding generates an electromagnetic field after being electrified, and the generated electromagnetic field can radially and uniformly penetrate through the whole section of annular gap;
the outer side of the shell is provided with two sensor mounting holes and two exhaust bolt holes, the two sensor mounting holes and the two exhaust bolt holes are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the shell, the two sensor mounting holes and the two exhaust bolt holes are communicated with the containing cavity, the two sensor mounting holes are respectively provided with a pressure sensor, and the exhaust bolt holes are provided with exhaust bolts.
Further, the coil winding is installed on the inner core, and the specific structure composition is as follows: the inner core comprises an inner core body and a shaft neck section positioned at the right end of the inner core body, the diameter of the shaft neck section is smaller than that of the inner core body, a gap between the outer side wall of the inner core body and the inner side wall of the inner cavity of the shell forms the annular gap, the coil winding is wound on the shaft neck section of the inner core, and the inner core and the right end of the shell are connected together through a bottom cover.
Further, the coil winding is installed on the shell, and the specific structure composition is as follows: the inner side of the shell is provided with two convex edges protruding inwards, the convex edges extend along the axial direction of the shell, the two convex edges are arranged oppositely, and each convex edge is wound with a coil winding;
the inner walls of the convex edges are arc-shaped, the inner sides of the inner walls of the two convex edges are provided with a guide cylinder in a press-fitting mode, and a gap between the inner side wall of the guide cylinder and the outer side wall of the inner core forms the annular gap; through holes are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the two sensor mounting holes and the exhaust bolt hole of the shell, of the guide cylinder;
the right ends of the outer shell and the inner core are connected together through a mounting plate.
Furthermore, the driving mechanism comprises a loading cylinder, the loading cylinder is inserted into the annular gap from the left end and is fixedly connected with the left end of the annular piston, and the loading cylinder is driven to move in a reciprocating manner through a loading source so as to drive the annular piston to move in the annular gap in a reciprocating manner.
Furthermore, the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the two ends of the annular piston are respectively provided with a sealing ring, and the sealing rings are in sealing butt joint with the inner wall or the outer wall of the annular gap.
Furthermore, a threaded hole is formed in the center of the bottom cover, external threads are arranged on the periphery of the bottom cover, the threaded hole in the center of the bottom cover is in threaded connection with the stud at the right end of the inner core, and the external threads on the periphery of the bottom cover are in threaded connection with the internal threads on the right section of the inner wall of the shell.
Furthermore, the mounting plate is respectively fixedly connected with the right ends of the outer shell and the inner core through screws.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the magnetorheological fluid flow mode rheological property testing device provided by the invention, the drive mechanism drives the annular piston and the magnetorheological fluid in the groove of the annular piston to do linear motion, so that the influence of centrifugal force action on the rheological property of the magnetorheological fluid in a shearing mode is eliminated, the rheological property of the magnetorheological fluid in a pure pressure flow mode can be measured, and the rheological property testing at a higher flow speed can be realized. In addition, the electromagnetic field generated by the coil winding can radially and uniformly penetrate through the whole section of annular gap, all the magnetorheological fluid can be placed in the magnetic field, the influence of accumulation on the measurement result is completely avoided in principle, and the accuracy of the measurement structure is ensured; all liquid participates in the pressure flow, the liquid volume utilization rate is high, and the required samples are few. In addition, the invention has simple structure and convenient processing, and solves the problem of difficult pressure flow sealing of the flat plate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front sectional view of a test apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the housing of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the annular piston of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a front view of the annular piston of fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a magnetic field distribution diagram of fig. 1.
Fig. 7 is a front cross-sectional view of a second form of the test apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a perspective view of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the housing of fig. 7.
Fig. 10 is a side sectional view of fig. 7.
Fig. 11 is a magnetic field distribution diagram of fig. 7.
Reference numbers in the figures: the pressure sensor comprises a shell 1, an inner core 2, an annular gap 3, an annular piston 4, a sealing ring 5, a groove 6, a containing cavity 7, a loading cylinder 8, a sensor mounting hole 9, an exhaust bolt hole 10, a pressure sensor 11, an exhaust bolt 12, an inner core body 13, a journal section 14, a bottom cover 15, a line passing hole 16, a coil winding 17, a shell I18, a rib 19, a coil winding I20, a guide cylinder 21, an annular gap I22, a mounting plate 23 and an inner core I24.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the embodiment discloses a magnetorheological fluid flow mode rheological property testing device, which includes a housing 1 and an inner core 2 disposed in an inner cavity of the housing 1, wherein an annular gap 3 is disposed between the housing 1 and the inner core 2, an annular piston 4 is disposed in the annular gap 3, two ends of the annular piston 4 are respectively in sealed butt joint with inner walls and outer walls of the annular gap 3, and inner side walls and outer side walls of two ends of the annular piston 4 are respectively provided with a sealing ring 5, and are in sealed butt joint with the inner walls or outer walls of the annular gap 3 through the sealing ring 5. The middle section of the annular piston 4 is provided with a slot 6, the slot 6 and the inner and outer walls of the annular gap 3 jointly enclose a containing cavity 7 for containing magnetorheological fluid, and under the action of the driving mechanism, the annular piston 4 can move back and forth in the annular gap 3, so that the magnetorheological fluid in the slot 6 of the annular piston 4 is driven to move synchronously.
The driving mechanism comprises a loading cylinder 8, the loading cylinder 8 is inserted into the annular gap 3 from the left end and is fixedly connected with the left end of the annular piston 4, and the loading cylinder 8 is driven to reciprocate by a loading source so as to drive the annular piston 4 to reciprocate in the annular gap 3. The loading source may employ a pneumatic cylinder.
The coil winding 17 is arranged on the inner core 2, the coil winding 17 is connected with an external current source through a lead, the coil winding 17 generates an electromagnetic field after being electrified, and the generated electromagnetic field can radially and uniformly penetrate through the whole section of the annular gap 3. The outer side of the shell 1 is provided with two sensor mounting holes 9 and two exhaust bolt holes 10, the two sensor mounting holes 9 and the two exhaust bolt holes 10 are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the shell 1, the two sensor mounting holes 9 and the two exhaust bolt holes 10 are communicated with the accommodating cavity 7, the two sensor mounting holes 9 are respectively provided with a pressure sensor 11, and the exhaust bolt holes 10 are provided with exhaust bolts 12.
Wherein, the installation structure form of coil winding 17 is: the inner core 2 comprises an inner core body 13 and a shaft neck section 14 positioned at the right end of the inner core body 13, the diameter of the shaft neck section 14 is smaller than that of the inner core body 13, a gap between the outer side wall of the inner core body 13 and the inner side wall of the inner cavity of the shell 1 forms an annular gap, a coil winding 17 is wound on the shaft neck section 14 of the inner core 2, and the inner core 2 and the right end of the shell 1 are connected together through a bottom cover 15. The center of the bottom cover 15 is provided with a threaded hole, the periphery of the bottom cover 15 is provided with external threads, the threaded hole in the center of the bottom cover 15 is in threaded connection with the stud at the right end of the inner core 2, and the external threads in the periphery of the bottom cover 15 are in threaded connection with the internal threads on the right section of the inner wall of the shell 1. The bottom cover 15 is provided with a wire passing hole 16 for the lead wire of the coil winding 17 to pass through. With the structural design, the coil winding 17 generates a radial magnetic field of the whole circumference, and the surrounding surface of the magnetic induction line is parallel to the axis of the inner core 2.
Before working, magnetorheological fluid is filled into the accommodating cavity 7 through the exhaust bolt hole 10. After the magnetorheological fluid is filled, the two pressure sensors 11 are respectively arranged in the two sensor mounting holes 9 to measure the pressure on the corresponding annular section, and the exhaust bolt 12 is arranged on the exhaust bolt hole 10 to block the exhaust bolt hole 10. And a Hall sensor is arranged at the right end of the loading cylinder 8 in a bonding mode and extends into the annular gap 3 to be used for measuring the magnetic field intensity in the annular gap 3.
When a current is passed through the coil winding 17, a magnetic field is generated. The magnetic induction line radially passes through the annular gap 3, an approximately uniform magnetic field is generated in the annular gap 3, and the magnetorheological fluid in the accommodating cavity 7 is placed in the uniform magnetic field. The cylinder drives the loading cylinder 8 to move linearly, so that the annular piston 4 is driven to move linearly in the annular gap 3, and the magnetorheological fluid in the accommodating cavity 7 is driven to move linearly in the annular gap 3.
The magnetorheological fluid becomes a Bingham body in a magnetic field, the magnetorheological fluid moves relative to the outer surface of the annular gap 3 and the inner surface of the annular gap 3, and the response time T and the shear yield stress tau of the magnetorheological fluid can be obtained by measuring the axial force required for pushing the annular piston 4, the movement speed of the annular piston 4 and the pressure drop between the two pressure sensors 11yThe rheological property of the magnetorheological fluid can be measured.
The response time T of the magnetorheological fluid can be obtained by the following formula (1):
T＝Tf-Te (1)
in the formula (1), TfRise time of driving force of ring piston 4, TeRefers to the current rise time of the current source;
shear yield stress tau of magnetorheological fluidyThe calculation process of (2) is as follows:
the pressure difference value detected by the two pressure sensors 11 in the experimental process consists of the following three parts:
1. the pressure drop caused by viscous damping force of magnetorheological fluid is related to the excitation speed
2. The pressure drop caused by the magnetic interaction among particles in the magnetorheological liquid is independent of the excitation speed
3. Pressure drop due to friction, dependent on excitation speed
In order to eliminate the coupling effect of viscous damping force, friction force and magnetic force (refer to the research on extrusion mechanics property of magnetorheological fluid and hysteresis property of a magnetorheological fluid actuator [ D ]), the pressure drop delta P1 and delta P0 under the conditions of excitation current and no excitation current at the same speed are measured respectively. Order to
ΔP＝ΔP1-ΔP0 (2)
The influence of viscous damping force and friction force can be eliminated, and the pressure drop delta P caused by magnetic action is measured independently.
In the formula (2), Δ P1 is the pressure difference value detected by the two pressure sensors 11 in the presence of the excitation current; Δ P0 is the pressure difference detected by the two pressure sensors 11 in the absence of excitation current; Δ P is the difference between the voltage drops Δ P1 and Δ P0 with and without excitation current.
According to the research on the mechanical response characteristics of the magnetorheological impact buffer with the inner flow channel (sinking), the pressure drop delta P of the magnetorheological fluid caused by the action of magnetic force is obtained as follows:
in the formula (3), N is the number of sets of the coil windings 17 in the axial direction, and in this embodiment, N is 1; l is the distance between the two cross sections where the two pressure intensity sensors 11 are located; tau isyIs the shear yield stress of the magnetorheological fluid; d is the thickness of the annular gap 3, i.e. the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the annular gap 3.
Shear yield stress tau according to equation (3)yPerforming reverse thrust to obtain the shear yield stress tauyThe calculation formula (4).
Example two
In the second embodiment, the structure of the coil winding is different from that of the first embodiment, and other structure parts and a test process part are the same as those of the first embodiment. For the sake of convenience of distinguishing from the structural names in the first embodiment, the outer shell is represented by the first outer shell 18, the inner core is represented by the first inner core 24, the coil winding is represented by the first coil winding 20, and the annular gap is represented by the first annular gap.
Referring to fig. 7 to 11, in this embodiment, the first coil winding 20 is mounted in the form of: a coil winding one 20 is mounted on the housing one 18. Two convex ribs 19 protruding inwards are arranged on the inner side of the first shell 18, the convex ribs 19 extend along the axial direction of the first shell 18, the two convex ribs 19 are arranged oppositely, and a first coil winding 20 is wound on each convex rib 19; the inner walls of the convex edges 19 are arc-shaped, the inner sides of the inner walls of the two convex edges 19 are provided with a guide cylinder 21 in a press fit mode, and the guide cylinder 21 is in interference fit with the inner walls of the convex edges 19. A gap between the inner side wall of the guide cylinder 21 and the outer side wall of the inner core I24 forms an annular gap I22; through holes are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the two sensor mounting holes 9 and the exhaust bolt holes 10 of the first shell 18, of the guide cylinder 21; the right ends of the first outer shell 18 and the first inner core 24 are connected together through a mounting plate 23. The mounting plate 23 is fixedly connected with the right ends of the first outer shell 18 and the first inner core 24 through screws, and gaps are reserved between the mounting plate 23 and the right ends of the first outer shell 18 and the right ends of the first inner core 24. In the structural design, the coil winding I20 generates a radial magnetic field with non-whole circumference, and the surrounding surface of the magnetic induction line is vertical to the axis of the inner core I24.
In this example, the shear yield stress τyIn the calculation formula (4), N is also 1.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. Magnetorheological suspensions flow mode rheology attribute testing arrangement, its characterized in that: the magnetorheological fluid is driven to synchronously move in the annular gap by the drive mechanism, and the magnetorheological fluid is driven to synchronously move in the annular gap;
the shell or the inner core is provided with a coil winding, the coil winding is connected with an external current source through a wire, the coil winding generates an electromagnetic field after being electrified, and the generated electromagnetic field can radially and uniformly penetrate through the whole section of annular gap;
the pressure sensor is characterized in that two sensor mounting holes and an exhaust bolt hole are formed in the outer side of the shell and are sequentially arranged along the axial direction of the shell, the two sensor mounting holes and the exhaust bolt hole are communicated with the accommodating cavity, the pressure sensors are respectively mounted at the two sensor mounting holes, and the exhaust bolt is mounted at the exhaust bolt hole.
2. The magnetorheological fluid flow mode rheological property testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coil winding is arranged on the inner core, and the specific structure comprises: the inner core comprises an inner core body and a shaft neck section positioned at the right end of the inner core body, the diameter of the shaft neck section is smaller than that of the inner core body, a gap between the outer side wall of the inner core body and the inner side wall of the inner cavity of the shell forms the annular gap, the coil winding is wound on the shaft neck section of the inner core, and the inner core and the right end of the shell are connected together through a bottom cover.
3. The magnetorheological fluid flow mode rheological property testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the coil winding is installed on the shell, and the specific structure comprises: the inner side of the shell is provided with two convex edges protruding inwards, the convex edges extend along the axial direction of the shell, the two convex edges are arranged oppositely, and each convex edge is wound with a coil winding;
the inner walls of the convex edges are arc-shaped, the inner sides of the inner walls of the two convex edges are provided with a guide cylinder, and a gap between the inner side wall of the guide cylinder and the outer side wall of the inner core forms the annular gap; through holes are respectively formed in the positions, corresponding to the two sensor mounting holes and the exhaust bolt hole of the shell, of the guide cylinder;
the right ends of the outer shell and the inner core are connected together through a mounting plate.
4. The magnetorheological fluid flow mode rheological property testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving mechanism comprises a loading cylinder, the loading cylinder is inserted into the annular gap from the left end and is fixedly connected with the left end of the annular piston, and the loading cylinder is driven to move in a reciprocating mode through a loading source so as to drive the annular piston to move in the annular gap in a reciprocating mode.
5. The magnetorheological fluid flow mode rheological property testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the inner side wall and the outer side wall at two ends of the annular piston are respectively provided with a sealing ring, and the sealing rings are in sealing butt joint with the inner wall or the outer wall of the annular gap.
6. The magnetorheological fluid flow mode rheological property testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the threaded hole is formed in the center of the bottom cover, external threads are formed in the periphery of the bottom cover, the threaded hole in the center of the bottom cover is in threaded connection with the stud at the right end of the inner core, and the external threads in the periphery of the bottom cover are in threaded connection with the internal threads on the right section of the inner wall of the shell.
7. The magnetorheological fluid flow mode rheological property testing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mounting plate is fixedly connected with the right ends of the outer shell and the inner core through screws respectively.
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