CN110736677A - plant transpiration measuring device and method - Google Patents
plant transpiration measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110736677A CN110736677A CN201911097729.4A CN201911097729A CN110736677A CN 110736677 A CN110736677 A CN 110736677A CN 201911097729 A CN201911097729 A CN 201911097729A CN 110736677 A CN110736677 A CN 110736677A
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- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
The invention discloses an plant transpiration measuring device and a method thereof, the device comprises a base and a transparent observation chamber, the observation chamber is movably arranged on the base, a power supply and an electronic weighing instrument are arranged on the base, the electronic weighing instrument is electrically connected with the power supply, a timer and a filter box are arranged on the electronic weighing instrument, a joint and a second joint are arranged on the filter box, an opening surface is arranged at the lower side of the observation chamber, a conical cover is arranged at the upper side of the observation chamber, the conical cover is communicated with a connecting pipe, an exhaust fan is arranged at the connecting part of the conical cover and the connecting pipe, the exhaust fan is electrically connected with the power supply, a switch is arranged between the exhaust fan and the power supply, the end of the connecting pipe, which is far away from the conical cover, is detachably connected with a joint, the second joint is communicated with an exhaust pipe, and a water absorbent is filled in the filter box.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant monitoring equipment, in particular to a plant transpiration measuring device and a method thereof.
Background
The transpiration is a process of water loss from pores on the surface (mainly leaves) of a living plant body to the atmosphere in a water vapor state, the transpiration of the plant is different from the evaporation process of physics, the transpiration is not only influenced by external environmental conditions, but also regulated and controlled by the plant, so the transpiration is complex physiological processes, fixed difficulty is caused in measurement, at present, the most common measurement means is measurement by using a plant transpiration measurement instrument, and various plant transpiration measurement instruments are available, such as a Li-6400 photosynthesis measurement system, a CB-1101 type photosynthesis transpiration measurement system, a CAF tree transpiration flow measurement system, a weighing type transpiration instrument and the like, which are long, but generally accepted by related researchers, and generally adopted yet, the measurement instruments are not accurate.
To this end, patent application No. CN201010196240.5 discloses a plant transpiration measuring device, which includes an observation chamber, a condensing system, a moisture collection and measurement component and an exhaust component, wherein the observation chamber is a container-shaped structure with an inlet at end and an outlet at end, the outlet of the observation chamber is communicated with end of a cooling pipe of the condensing system, the other end of the cooling pipe is communicated with the moisture collection and measurement component, the cooling pipe is connected with the exhaust component, and a gravity measurement component is arranged at the bottom of the moisture collection and measurement component.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an plant transpiration measuring device and method, which can measure the transpiration of a plant growing normally and can measure the transpiration data accurately.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
plant transpiration measuring device, including frame and transparent observation room, the observation room activity sets up on the frame, be provided with power and electron weight indicator on the frame, the electron weight indicator is connected with the power electricity, be provided with time-recorder and filter cartridge on the electron weight indicator, be provided with on the filter cartridge and connect and the second connects, the observation room downside is provided with the opening face, the upside of observation room is provided with the toper cover, the toper cover intercommunication has the connecting pipe, the junction of toper cover and connecting pipe is provided with the exhaust fan, the exhaust fan is connected with the power electricity, be provided with the switch between exhaust fan and the power, the connecting pipe is kept away from the end of toper cover and is connected with connects can dismantle, the second connects the intercommunication has the blast pipe, the splendid attire water absorbent is equipped with in the filter cartridge.
, a sealing cover is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the opening face, and a retractable rubber band is arranged at the end of the sealing cover far away from the opening face.
And , hinging a support rod on the outer wall of the observation room close to the opening surface, wherein the end of the support rod far away from the observation room is fixedly connected with a floor grasping plate.
step is advanced, the observation room is cylindrical, be provided with the circular recess that matches with the observation room on the frame, the opening face of observation room inserts the recess inner slide and connects, power and the heavy appearance of electron meter all set up the position within the circular recess on the frame.
And , a circulating fan is arranged in the observation chamber, the circulating fan is electrically connected with a power supply, and a second switch is arranged between the circulating fan and the power supply.
And , rolling rollers are arranged on the bottom surface of the base, and the rolling rollers facilitate the movement of the device.
, a ventilation opening is formed in the side wall of the observation chamber, and a gas exchange membrane is adhered to the ventilation opening, can filter water vapor in the air, so that other gases in the air can freely circulate inside the observation chamber, and therefore, the plant cover can be similar to the natural environment outside after being covered in the observation chamber, the photosynthesis of the plant cannot be influenced, and the transpiration of the plant can be measured more accurately.
, the preparation method of the gas exchange membrane comprises the following steps:
a1, taking 10-12 parts by weight of calcium chloride with the particle size of 50-100nm, stirring the calcium chloride in a high-speed mixer at a high speed to the temperature of 90-100 ℃, naturally cooling the calcium chloride to the temperature below 60 ℃, adding 3-5 parts by weight of nonionic polyacrylamide, continuously stirring the mixture at a high speed for more than 2 hours, carrying out uniform activation treatment, sealing the mixture, and naturally cooling the mixture to the temperature below 40 ℃ for later use;
a2, taking 10-15 parts of low-density polyethylene, 30-40 parts of linear low-density polyethylene, 8-14 parts of thermoplastic elastomer and 1-2 parts of high-temperature-resistant antioxidant according to parts by weight, mixing uniformly in a high-speed mixer, directly feeding to a main feeding port on a high-torque double-screw machine through a single-screw weight-loss type feeding scale, adding into the high-torque double-screw machine, mixing and plasticizing, and carrying out melt extrusion casting and quenching to obtain a gas exchange membrane initial product;
a3, immersing the gas exchange membrane primary product obtained in the step A2 into deionized water, then performing laser drilling by using a nanosecond laser, wherein the pulse width of the laser is 10ns, the wavelength is 1064nm, the power is 6-10W, the repetition frequency is 20kHz, and after the processing is finished, the gas exchange membrane primary product is washed clean by the deionized water and dried for later use;
and A4, adding 30-40 parts of water into the activated calcium chloride obtained in the step A1, uniformly stirring to obtain a calcium chloride solution, uniformly spraying the calcium chloride solution on the surface of the primary gas exchange membrane treated in the step A3 by using a spraying machine, and drying at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain a finished gas exchange membrane.
The measuring method of the transpiration amount measuring device includes the following steps:
b1, filling the water absorbent in the filter box, weighing the original mass M1 by using an electronic weighing instrument, connecting a connecting pipe to the -th joint of the filter box, and connecting an exhaust pipe to the second joint;
b2, taking down the observation chamber from the base, covering the observation chamber on a plant, sleeving the telescopic rubber band at the lower end part of the sealing cover on a trunk of the plant, and sealing the plant;
b3, adhering a gas exchange membrane on a ventilation port on the observation chamber, turning on a switch of an exhaust fan, and starting timing by using a timer;
b4, after the measurement is finished, closing an exhaust fan switch, taking down a connecting pipe and an exhaust pipe on the filter box, weighing the mass M2 of the filter box by using an electronic weighing instrument, and obtaining the transpiration amount of the plant in the time period by using a calculation formula M2-M1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the observation chamber is used for covering the normally growing plants, water vapor generated by plant transpiration can enter the filter box through the exhaust fan, the water absorbent contained in the filter box can absorb water in air entering the filter box, residual gas is discharged from the exhaust pipe, the water absorbent can increase the quality of absorbed water after absorbing water vapor, the transpiration amount of the plants can be obtained by measuring the increase of the quality of the water absorbent, the transpiration amount of the whole normally growing plant is measured in the whole measuring process, and the data of the plant transpiration amount is more accurately measured;
(2) according to the invention, the side wall of the observation chamber is provided with the ventilating opening, the gas exchange membrane is adhered to the ventilating opening, and the gas exchange membrane can filter water vapor in the air, so that other gases in the air can freely circulate inside the observation chamber, therefore, after the plant is covered in the observation chamber, the plant is similar to the natural environment outside, the photosynthesis of the plant is not influenced, and the transpiration of the plant is more accurately measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an plant transpiration measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structure using a general plastic film according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of the housing of the present invention.
The device comprises a base 1, an observation room 2, a power supply 3, an electronic weighing instrument 4, a timer 5, a filter box 6, an -th joint 7, a second joint 8, a sealing cover 9, a draw-shrinkage rubber band 10, a conical cover 11, an exhaust fan 12, a connecting pipe 13, an exhaust pipe 14, calcium chloride 15, a supporting rod 16, a floor grasping plate 17, a groove 18, a circulating fan 19, a rolling roller 20, a ventilation opening 21, a gas exchange membrane 22, a plastic film 23 and a plant 24.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
preparation of gas exchange membranes, the following experimental procedures were carried out,
a1, stirring 110g of calcium chloride with the particle size of 50-100nm at a high speed in a 3000r/mim high-speed mixing stirrer to about 90-100 ℃, then naturally cooling to 50 ℃, adding 40g of nonionic polyacrylamide, continuously stirring at a high speed of 3000r/mim for 150min, carrying out uniform activation treatment, sealing and naturally cooling to below 40 ℃ for later use;
a2, taking 125g of low-density polyethylene, 350g of linear low-density polyethylene, 11g of thermoplastic elastomer and 15g of high-temperature-resistant antioxidant, uniformly mixing in a high-speed mixer at 3000r/min, directly feeding to a main feeding port on a high-torque double-screw machine through a single-screw weight-loss type feeding scale, adding into the high-torque double-screw machine, mixing and plasticizing, and carrying out melt extrusion, tape casting and quenching to obtain a gas exchange membrane initial product;
a3, immersing the gas exchange membrane primary product obtained in the step A2 into deionized water, then performing laser drilling by using a nanosecond laser, wherein the pulse width of the laser is 10ns, the wavelength is 1064nm, the power is 6-10W, the repetition frequency is 20kHz, and after the processing is finished, the gas exchange membrane primary product is washed clean by the deionized water and dried for later use;
a4, adding 350g of water into the activated calcium chloride obtained in the step A1, uniformly stirring to obtain a calcium chloride solution, uniformly spraying the calcium chloride solution on the surface of the primary gas exchange membrane treated in the step A3 by using a spraying machine, and drying at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain a finished gas exchange membrane.
Example 2: with reference to the attached drawing 1
plant transpiration measuring device, including base 1 and transparent observation room 2, observation room 2 is movably arranged on base 1, base 1 is provided with power supply 3 and electronic weight-measuring instrument 4, electronic weight-measuring instrument 4 is electrically connected with power supply 3, electronic weight-measuring instrument 4 is provided with timer 5 and filter box 6, filter box 6 is provided with joint 7 and second joint 8, the lower side of observation room 2 is provided with an opening face, the inner wall of the opening face is fixedly connected with sealing cover 9, end of sealing cover 9 far away from the opening face is provided with drawing shrinkage rubber band 10, the upper side of observation room 2 is provided with conical cover 11, conical cover 11 is communicated with connecting pipe 13, the connecting part of conical cover 11 and connecting pipe 13 is provided with exhaust fan 12, the exhaust fan is electrically connected with power supply 3, a switch is arranged between exhaust fan 12 and power supply 3, end of connecting pipe 13 far away from conical cover 11 is detachably connected with joint 7, second joint 8 is communicated with exhaust pipe 14, calcium chloride 15 is contained in filter box 6, the upper wall of observation room 2 is close to the supporting rod, the supporting rod is hinged with the outer wall of observation room 2, the supporting rod, the inner wall of observation room is provided with a circular air circulation switch 16, the observation room 2 is provided with a circular air inlet of observation room 19, the observation room is provided with a circular air inlet of observation room 19, the observation room 19 is provided with a circular air inlet of observation room, the base 18, the observation room is provided with a circular air inlet of observation room 19 is provided with a circular air inlet of the observation room, a circular air inlet of observation room 19 is provided with a circular air inlet of observation.
Example 3: with reference to the attached FIG. 2
plant transpiration measuring device, including base 1 and transparent observation room 2, observation room 2 is movably arranged on base 1, base 1 is provided with power supply 3 and electronic weight-measuring instrument 4, electronic weight-measuring instrument 4 is electrically connected with power supply 3, electronic weight-measuring instrument 4 is provided with timer 5 and filter box 6, filter box 6 is provided with joint 7 and second joint 8, the lower side of observation room 2 is provided with an opening face, the inner wall of the opening face is fixedly connected with sealing cover 9, end of sealing cover 9 far away from the opening face is provided with drawing shrinkage rubber band 10, the upper side of observation room 2 is provided with conical cover 11, conical cover 11 is communicated with connecting pipe 13, the joint of conical cover 11 and connecting pipe 13 is provided with exhaust fan 12, the exhaust fan is electrically connected with power supply 3, a switch is arranged between exhaust fan 12 and power supply 3, end of connecting pipe 13 far away from conical cover 11 is detachably connected with joint 7, second joint 8 is communicated with exhaust pipe 14, calcium chloride 15 is contained in filter box 6, the upper wall of observation room 2 is close to the supporting rod, the supporting rod is hinged with the outer wall of observation room 2, the supporting rod, the outer wall of observation room is provided with a circular plastic film 19, the observation room 2 is provided with a circular groove 16, the inner wall of observation room 19, the observation room is provided with a circular groove 18 which is arranged on the base 19, the observation room 2 is provided with a circular groove 16, the circular groove 16 is arranged on the base 19, the base 19 which is arranged on the observation room, the base 2, the observation room.
The transpiration measuring devices in the embodiments 2 and 3 are used for measuring the transpiration of corn plants with 67 cm height on a certain mountain land in Yanan Shaanxi province at noon in 7 months in 2017, wherein the weather is clear, the wind level is 2-3, and the temperature is 28.7 ℃.
Wherein the transpiration measuring device in example 2 measures about 12: 30 to 13:00 at noon, and wherein the transpiration measuring device in example 3 measures about 13:10 to 13:40 at noon as long as days, all for 30 min.
Example 2 in the measurement, a water absorbent calcium chloride is filled in a filter box, an original mass M1 is 158g measured by an electronic weighing instrument, a connecting pipe is connected to a -th joint of the filter box, an exhaust pipe is connected to a second joint, an observation chamber is taken down from a machine base and covered on a plant, a shrinkage rubber band at the lower end of a sealing cover is sleeved on a trunk of the plant to seal the plant, a gas exchange membrane is adhered to a ventilation port on the observation chamber, an exhaust fan switch is turned on, the timer is used for starting timing, after the measurement is completed, the exhaust fan switch is turned off, the connecting pipe and the exhaust pipe on the filter box are taken down, the mass M2 g of the filter box at the moment is measured by the electronic weighing instrument, and the plant evapotranspiration amount in the time period is obtained by using a calculation formula M36184-M1 which is 26 g.
In example 3, during measurement, a water absorbent calcium chloride is fully put in a filter box, an original mass M1 is measured to be 158g by using an electronic weighing instrument, a connecting pipe is connected to a -th joint of the filter box, an exhaust pipe is connected to a second joint, an observation chamber is taken down from a machine base and covered on a plant, a shrinkage rubber band at the lower end of a sealing cover is sleeved on a trunk of the plant to seal the plant, a gas exchange membrane is adhered to a ventilation port on the observation chamber, an exhaust fan switch is opened, timing is started by using a timer, after the measurement is completed, the exhaust fan switch is closed, the connecting pipe and the exhaust pipe on the filter box are taken down, the mass M2 of the filter box at the moment is measured to be 158g by using the electronic weighing instrument, and the plant transpiration amount in the time period is obtained by using a calculation formula M2-M1-177-158-19 g.
From the above-described experiments, it can be seen that the amount of transpiration measured in example 2 was 26g, and the amount of transpiration measured in example 3 was 19g, and if the measurement error of about 2g was removed, it can also be seen that the amount of transpiration measured in practical example 2 was larger than that measured in example 3.
Therefore, it can be seen that the transpiration measuring device can make the air in the observation chamber circulate after using the gas exchange membrane of the present invention, and the transpiration amount is larger when the plant is in a normal growth state in the air circulation state, whereas in example 3, the air in the observation chamber cannot circulate because the plant is covered by the observation chamber, and the photosynthesis of the plant is weakened and the transpiration amount of the plant is reduced due to the reduction of the carbon dioxide amount, the increase of the temperature and other factors. Therefore, the plant transpiration amount measured by the plant transpiration amount measuring device in example 2 is closer to the state when the plant is normally grown, and the plant transpiration amount is more accurately measured.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (9)
- The plant transpiration measuring device is characterized in that a power supply and an electronic weight meter are arranged on the base, the electronic weight meter is electrically connected with the power supply, a timer and a filter box are arranged on the electronic weight meter, a -th connector and a second connector are arranged on the filter box, an opening face is arranged on the lower side of the observation chamber, a conical cover is arranged on the upper side of the observation chamber and communicated with a connecting pipe, an exhaust fan is arranged at the connecting position of the conical cover and the connecting pipe and electrically connected with the power supply, a -th switch is arranged between the exhaust fan and the power supply, a end, far away from the conical cover, of the connecting pipe is detachably connected with a -th connector, an exhaust pipe is communicated with the second connector, and a water absorbent is contained in the filter box.
- 2. The plant transpiration measuring device of claim 1, wherein a sealing cover is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the opening surface, and a retractable rubber band is arranged at the end of the sealing cover away from the opening surface.
- 3. The plant transpiration measuring device of claim 2, wherein a support rod is hinged to the outer wall of the observation chamber close to the opening surface, and a floor-grabbing plate is fixedly connected to a end of the support rod far from the observation chamber.
- 4. The plant transpiration measuring device of claim 3, wherein the observation chamber is cylindrical, the base has a circular recess matching the observation chamber, an open surface of the observation chamber is inserted into the recess and connected to a slide, and the power source and the electronic weight scale are both disposed within the circular recess of the base.
- 5. The plant transpiration measuring device of claim 4, wherein a circulating fan is disposed in the observation chamber, the circulating fan is electrically connected to a power supply, and a second switch is disposed between the circulating fan and the power supply.
- 6. The plant transpiration measuring device of claim 5, wherein rolling rollers are disposed on a bottom surface of the base.
- 7. The plant transpiration measuring device of claim 6, wherein a gas-permeable opening is formed in a side wall of the observation chamber, and a gas exchange membrane is adhered to the gas-permeable opening.
- 8. The plant transpiration measuring device of claim 7, wherein the gas exchange membrane preparation method comprises the following steps:a1, taking 10-12 parts by weight of calcium chloride with the particle size of 50-100nm, stirring at high speed in a high-speed mixing stirrer to the temperature of 90-100 ℃, naturally cooling to below 60 ℃, adding 3-5 parts of nonionic polyacrylamide, continuously stirring at high speed for more than 2 hours, activating, sealing, and naturally cooling to below 40 ℃ for later use;a2, taking 10-15 parts of low-density polyethylene, 30-40 parts of linear low-density polyethylene, 8-14 parts of thermoplastic elastomer and 1-2 parts of high-temperature-resistant antioxidant according to parts by weight, mixing uniformly in a high-speed mixer, directly feeding to a main feeding port on a high-torque double-screw machine through a single-screw weight-loss type feeding scale, adding into the high-torque double-screw machine, mixing and plasticizing, and carrying out melt extrusion casting and quenching to obtain a gas exchange membrane initial product;a3, immersing the gas exchange membrane primary product obtained in the step A2 into deionized water, then performing laser drilling by using a nanosecond laser, wherein the pulse width of the laser is 10ns, the wavelength is 1064nm, the power is 6-10W, the repetition frequency is 20kHz, and after the processing is finished, the gas exchange membrane primary product is washed clean by the deionized water and dried for later use;and A4, adding 30-40 parts of water into the activated calcium chloride obtained in the step A1, uniformly stirring to obtain a calcium chloride solution, uniformly spraying the calcium chloride solution on the surface of the primary gas exchange membrane treated in the step A3 by using a spraying machine, and drying at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain a finished gas exchange membrane.
- 9, A method for measuring the transpiration rate of a plant according to claim 6, comprising the steps of:b1, filling the water absorbent in the filter box, weighing the original mass M1 by using an electronic weighing instrument, connecting a connecting pipe to the -th joint of the filter box, and connecting an exhaust pipe to the second joint;b2, taking down the observation chamber from the base, covering the observation chamber on a plant, sleeving the telescopic rubber band at the lower end part of the sealing cover on a trunk of the plant, and sealing the plant;b3, adhering a gas exchange membrane on a ventilation port on the observation chamber, turning on a switch of an exhaust fan, and starting timing by using a timer;b4, after the measurement is finished, closing an exhaust fan switch, taking down a connecting pipe and an exhaust pipe on the filter box, weighing the mass M2 of the filter box by using an electronic weighing instrument, and obtaining the transpiration amount of the plant in the time period by using a calculation formula M2-M1.
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