CN110736407B - Machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining and alignment method - Google Patents
Machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining and alignment method Download PDFInfo
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic precision machining-based off-machine working condition simulator and an alignment method, wherein a measuring base is arranged on a base of the simulator, at least one reference system is arranged on the measuring base, a lever dial indicator is repeatedly pulled to align the measuring base by taking the reading of the lever dial indicator as a reference, then the center point of the measuring base is taken as the center, the origin of a fixture coordinate system is set by the same characteristic structure, the actual coordinate value of the origin of the coordinate system of the reference system under the simulator and under the CNC is obtained, a triaxial coordinate difference value is recorded and used for compensation, the overlapping construction of the coordinate system of the simulator and the CNC different machine is obtained, after the overlapping construction of the coordinate system of the different machine is finished, the actual position of a workpiece to be machined and the position offset value of the origin of the coordinate are measured by the simulator, and the NC machining technology is controlled to work by a communication module, and the purpose of alignment by the simulator is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hardware technical requirement, a control technology, a working condition simulation scheme, a measurement scheme, an automatic communication technology and an NC processing technology for machine tool external working condition simulation equipment and a matched system. In particular to a communication and control technology of a simulator and a CNC machining center or other related systems, wherein the control, the personnel operation scheme, the working condition simulation scheme and the coordinate system creation and conversion of the simulator are related. In particular to a machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining and an alignment method.
Background
At present, with the acceleration of the pace of life and the provision of high quality of life, people have higher demands on the quality and update period of terminal products, and higher quality demands and shorter production period are put forward for the manufacturing industry, so that the proportion of precision machinery in the enterprise production is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the enterprise needs to carry out lean production to shorten the manufacturing period. The accurate production requires that each procedure and the inspection can realize data sharing and transmission, so that the clamping time, the alignment time and the inspection time on the machine tool are reduced as much as possible, the actual utilization rate of the machine tool is improved, the production auxiliary time is reduced, the reject ratio of products is reduced, and the requirements of enterprises on machining precision, production efficiency and process monitoring are met.
Taking a typical milling and discharging process in die manufacturing as an example, a workpiece needs to be aligned on a machine tool before milling, a part needs to be inspected after milling, alignment on an electric spark machining machine tool again is needed when switching to discharging, and inspection is needed after machining. Because clamping methods and clamps used by different types of machine tools are different, state information of parts cannot be transmitted, and the parts can be clamped and aligned for multiple times, so that part processing and inspection errors are further increased due to manual operation, clamping modes and the like. If process monitoring and process parameter optimization are performed during milling or electro-discharge machining, the machining equipment must have an on-line detection function, or repeated part inspection and parameter adjustment is required, resulting in a long product manufacturing cycle.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an external working condition simulator of a machine tool based on automatic precision machining and an alignment method.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
An outer operating mode simulator of a machine tool based on automatic precision machining comprises
A base, a simulator base arranged above the base,
The Y-axis component is arranged at one side of the base of the simulator, the X-axis component is arranged on the Y-axis component, the Z-axis component is arranged on the X-axis component, the Z-axis component is provided with a side head system, the side head is provided with a lever dial indicator,
A measuring base is arranged on the base of the simulator, at least one reference system is arranged on the measuring base, the measuring base is aligned by repeatedly pulling the lever dial indicator by taking the reading of the lever dial indicator as a reference,
Setting the origin of the fixture coordinate system by taking the center point of the measuring base as the center and the same characteristic structure, obtaining the actual coordinate values of the origin of the coordinate system of the reference system under the simulator and the CNC, recording the three-axis coordinate difference value for compensation, obtaining the overlapped construction of the coordinate systems of the simulator and the CNC different machines,
After the different machine coordinate systems are overlapped and built, the actual position of the workpiece to be processed and the position deviation value of the origin of coordinates are measured by using a simulator, and the position deviation value and NC processing technology are used for controlling the processing unit to work through a communication module, so that the purpose of alignment by using the simulator is achieved.
Further, the Y-axis assembly comprises a Y-axis transmission mechanism arranged at one side of the base, a Y-axis guide rail arranged on the Y-axis transmission mechanism, a support column arranged in the Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis metering system arranged at the Y-axis guide rail,
An X-axis transmission mechanism is arranged on the support column, an X-axis guide rail is arranged on the X-axis transmission mechanism, an X-axis metering system is arranged along the X-axis guide rail,
The X-axis guide rail is provided with a slide seat, the slide seat is provided with a Z-axis transmission assembly, the Z-axis transmission assembly is provided with a Z-axis transmission mechanism, the Z-axis guide rail is arranged on the Z-axis transmission mechanism, the Z-axis guide rail is provided with a Z-axis metering system, and the lateral head system is arranged on the Z-axis guide rail.
Further, the X-axis transmission mechanism, the Y-axis transmission mechanism and the Z-axis transmission mechanism are one of ball screw, linear motor and synchronous belt transmission.
Further, an alignment operation controller and a measurement operation controller are arranged in the base.
Further, the simulation machine base is also provided with a display screen, an alignment operation electronic hand wheel and a measurement operation manual operator, and the alignment operation electronic hand wheel and the measurement operation manual operator are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected with the alignment operation controller and the measurement operation controller.
The invention also provides an alignment method, which utilizes the machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining, and comprises a simulator, CNC and NC combined operation unit,
The reading of the lever dial indicator is used as a reference, the lever dial indicator is repeatedly pulled to align the measuring base,
Setting the origin of the fixture coordinate system by taking the center point of the measuring base as the center and the same characteristic structure, obtaining the actual coordinate values of the origin of the coordinate system of the reference system under the simulator and the CNC, recording the three-axis coordinate difference value for compensation, obtaining the overlapped construction of the coordinate systems of the simulator and the CNC different machines,
After the different machine coordinate systems are overlapped and built, the actual position of the workpiece to be processed and the position deviation value of the origin of coordinates are measured by using a simulator, and the position deviation value and NC processing technology are used for controlling the processing unit to work through a communication module, so that the purpose of alignment by using the simulator is achieved.
Further, the same reference system is established under the combined operation of CNC and NC, unified alignment is performed, a simulator is used as transfer, coordinate system difference information is obtained, and coordinates of a plurality of different positions are overlapped.
And when the simulator is taken as a relay, the coordinate system and workpiece characteristic information obtained by creating the same reference system under the combined operation of CNC and NC are transmitted to the simulator for translation through a communication module.
Furthermore, the simulation machine is used as a platform, a plurality of equipment coordinate systems are respectively associated with the simulation machine, then the simulation machine performs compensation operation to obtain the deviation value condition of each equipment coordinate system, and when the machining is performed, the deviation value condition of the coordinate system is combined with the compensation information of the workpiece to be transmitted to the relevant machining information, so that the machining of a plurality of equipment can be regarded as the machining of the same coordinate system.
The simulator provided by the invention can stop any process and test the parts. And if the machining is qualified, continuing to machine, and if the machining is unqualified, clamping the CNC machining unit, repairing the CNC machining unit under the original coordinate system, and then checking again until the machining is qualified. The full link can be tracked during test piece, the problem is solved by analysis, the processing process is monitored on line by the full closed loop during mass production, the quality of a machined part is effectively improved, and the efficiency of the machining equipment is greatly improved through the fact that the machining equipment is not stopped and personnel work is not waited.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simulation machine body;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the accuracy of the reference system installation and the complex positioning;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the alignment module of the simulator;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a contact measurement module;
FIG. 5. Pull-table alignment and reference system coordinate system creation schematic;
FIG. 6 is a high-precision recheck chart after the analog machine pulls the meter;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of workpiece pose and critical dimension inspection;
FIG. 8 is a flow naming convention diagram;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of coordinate offset of the reference system and offset of the different coordinate systems;
FIG. 10 is a schematic and algorithmic diagram of the position conversion of different workpieces;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart comparing a reference system clamp with a conventional clamp;
FIG. 12 is a flow chart comparing a baseline system clamping with a conventional clamping inspection and trimming;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of reference system multi-machine coordinate system integration comparison;
FIG. 14 is a flow chart comparing the simulation machine multifunctional test with the conventional multi-machine test;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the alignment operation of the simulator;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the simulation machine measurement operation;
Fig. 17 is a schematic view of a multifunctional gauge head.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments thereof, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided for illustration of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 17, the invention particularly discloses an external working condition simulator of a machine tool based on automatic precision machining, which comprises
A base 1, a simulator base 2 arranged above the base 1,
A Y-axis component arranged on one side of the simulation machine base 2, an X-axis component arranged on the Y-axis component, a Z-axis component arranged on the X-axis component, and a side head system arranged on the Z-axis component, wherein a lever dial gauge 19 is arranged on the side head,
A measuring base 16 is arranged on the simulator base 2, at least one reference system 17 is arranged on the measuring base 16, the measuring base 16 is aligned by repeatedly pulling the lever dial indicator 16 by taking the reading of the lever dial indicator 16 as a reference,
Setting the origin of the fixture coordinate system by taking the center point of the measuring base 16 as the center and the same characteristic structure, obtaining the actual coordinate values of the origin of the coordinate system of the reference system 17 under the simulator and the CNC, recording the three-axis coordinate difference value for compensation, obtaining the overlapping construction of the coordinate systems of the simulator and the CNC different machines,
After the different machine coordinate systems are overlapped and built, the actual position of the workpiece to be processed and the position deviation value of the origin of coordinates are measured by using a simulator, and the position deviation value and NC processing technology are used for controlling the processing unit to work through a communication module, so that the purpose of alignment by using the simulator is achieved.
In the invention, the alignment and installation mode of the simulator as shown in fig. 3A and 3B is adopted, the simulator in fig. 3A is externally hung and installed, and comprises a side head seat 100 installed at the lower part of a Z-axis transmission assembly, a side head seat 101 arranged at the bottom of the side head seat 100, an externally hung gauge head seat 107 arranged at the lower part of the side head seat 101, a contact side head 108 arranged at the lower part of the externally hung gauge head seat, an externally hung arm 102 arranged at one side of the side head seat 101, a positioning knob 101 arranged on the externally hung arm 102, a dial gauge seat 104 arranged at the lower end of the externally hung arm, an externally hung lever dial gauge 106 arranged at the lower end of the dial gauge seat 104, a pre-tightening knob 103 and a fine tuning knob 105 arranged on the externally hung arm, wherein the pre-tightening knob is used for positioning the externally hung arm at one side of the Z-axis transmission assembly, and the pre-tightening knob is used for fixing between the dial gauge seat and the externally hung arm.
Fig. 3B adopts direct connection, including the side seat mount pad of installing in the lower part of Z axle transmission subassembly, the direct connection side seat 110 of setting in side seat mount pad bottom is provided with direct connection adapter bar 109 in direct connection side seat 110 bottom, is provided with direct connection lever amesdial 111 on the direct connection adapter bar.
Further, the Y-axis assembly comprises a Y-axis transmission mechanism arranged at one side of the base, a Y-axis guide rail 10 arranged on the Y-axis transmission mechanism, a support column 9 arranged in the Y-axis guide rail 10, a Y-axis metering system arranged at the Y-axis guide rail 10,
An X-axis transmission mechanism is arranged on the support column 9, an X-axis guide rail 6 is arranged on the X-axis transmission mechanism 5, an X-axis metering system 8 is arranged along the X-axis guide rail 6,
The X-axis guide rail 6 is provided with a sliding seat, the sliding seat is provided with a Z-axis transmission assembly, the Z-axis transmission assembly is provided with a Z-axis transmission mechanism, the Z-axis guide rail is arranged on the Z-axis transmission mechanism, the Z-axis guide rail is provided with a Z-axis metering system, and the lateral head system is arranged on the Z-axis guide rail.
Further, the X-axis transmission mechanism, the Y-axis transmission mechanism and the Z-axis transmission mechanism are one of ball screw, linear motor and synchronous belt transmission.
Further, an alignment operation controller and a measurement operation controller are arranged in the base.
Further, the simulation machine base is also provided with a display screen, an alignment operation electronic hand wheel and a measurement operation manual operator, and the alignment operation electronic hand wheel and the measurement operation manual operator are respectively and correspondingly electrically connected with the alignment operation controller and the measurement operation controller.
The invention also provides an alignment method, which utilizes the machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining, and comprises a simulator, CNC and NC combined operation unit,
The reading of the lever dial indicator is used as a reference, the lever dial indicator is repeatedly pulled to align the measuring base,
Setting the origin of the fixture coordinate system by taking the center point of the measuring base as the center and the same characteristic structure, obtaining the actual coordinate values of the origin of the coordinate system of the reference system under the simulator and the CNC, recording the three-axis coordinate difference value for compensation, obtaining the overlapped construction of the coordinate systems of the simulator and the CNC different machines,
After the different machine coordinate systems are overlapped and built, the actual position of the workpiece to be processed and the position deviation value of the origin of coordinates are measured by using a simulator, and the position deviation value and NC processing technology are used for controlling the processing unit to work through a communication module, so that the purpose of alignment by using the simulator is achieved.
Further, the same reference system is established under the combined operation of CNC and NC, unified alignment is performed, a simulator is used as transfer, coordinate system difference information is obtained, and coordinates of a plurality of different positions are overlapped.
And when the simulator is taken as a relay, the coordinate system and workpiece characteristic information obtained by creating the same reference system under the combined operation of CNC and NC are transmitted to the simulator for translation through a communication module.
Furthermore, the simulation machine is used as a platform, a plurality of equipment coordinate systems are respectively associated with the simulation machine, then the simulation machine performs compensation operation to obtain the deviation value condition of each equipment coordinate system, and when the machining is performed, the deviation value condition of the coordinate system is combined with the compensation information of the workpiece to be transmitted to the relevant machining information, so that the machining of a plurality of equipment can be regarded as the machining of the same coordinate system.
According to the invention, by using a common reference System (or a clamp System) such as a System 3R company MacroNano nanometer chuck type, comprehensive complex positioning attitude deviation of up to 0.5um can be provided, the problem that positioning errors are accumulated and increased due to repeated clamping among different devices is solved, and the problem of alignment accuracy repeatability of different devices is solved;
When the alignment is performed, the pull meter is used for aligning the clamp system based on the reference system,
Setting the origin of the fixture coordinate system by the same characteristic structure in a centering manner, obtaining actual coordinate values of the origin under a simulator and under CNC, recording a triaxial coordinate difference value for compensation, and completing overlapping construction work of different coordinate systems;
On the basis, the actual position of the workpiece to be processed and the position deviation value of the origin of coordinates are measured by using a simulator, the position deviation value is conducted by an information management system, the NC processing technology is used for controlling the processing unit to work, and the purpose of alignment by using the simulator can be achieved.
The simulator of the invention can provide comprehensive precision of 0.001mm grade of single shaft and has stable walking. The precision can be effectively ensured in the manual meter pulling process. Further, the measurement can be performed after the meter is pulled through the metering system, the alignment accuracy verification can be performed with the accuracy of 0.001mm through the metering system after correction, and the result is given.
In the traditional technology, each time a part is clamped, not only is the origin of coordinates shifted and rotated to different degrees, but also each time the workpiece is turned, machining errors are accumulated. According to the above, the same reference system is set in different processing units, alignment is performed uniformly, the simulation machine is used as transfer, coordinate system difference information is obtained, and coordinate systems of a plurality of different positions are overlapped. Before each sequence conversion, the related coordinate system and workpiece posture information are translated and transmitted through a simulation machine software system, so that the sequence conversion processing precision of the parts is ensured not to be influenced by the coordinate deviation values of the clamp and each processing unit, and the processing precision is effectively ensured.
In conventional machining, when the part is machined or inspected until a certain process is completed, the part needs to be removed from the machining unit and inspected on a measuring machine. The inspection result can only be used for qualified judgment, and cannot be used as an accurate reference for part repair due to the problem of secondary clamping errors. The simulation machine provided by the invention can be matched with a reference system, the actual state of the part under the processing unit can be actually measured through coordinate system conversion and superposition, and the obtained data can be directly used for repairing and processing the processing unit after high-precision repositioning.
Similarly, the problem that in the traditional processing, the detection between the working procedures and the detection of the finished product are carried out by means of the on-line detection function of the processing unit is solved, and the selection cost of processing equipment is effectively reduced.
In traditional processing, the coordinate systems of multiple processing units cannot be unified, the posture information of each clamping workpiece is different, and the information of each unit cannot be shared or cannot be accurately shared. Based on the foregoing, the problems of coordinate system unification between devices and ultra-high precision clamping reset have been explained. The simulator can be used as a platform, a plurality of equipment coordinate systems are respectively associated with the simulator, and then compensation operation is carried out by the simulator to obtain the deviation value condition of each equipment coordinate system. And when in machining, the coordinate system deviation value condition is combined with the workpiece compensation information to be transmitted to relevant machining information, so that the machining precision can be effectively improved when a plurality of devices are machined in the same coordinate system.
For example, typical mold processing is often combined with milling and electric discharge processing, so that in the inspection process, various measuring instruments such as a three-coordinate measuring machine, an optical measuring machine, a roughness meter and the like are often required, and various data cannot be effectively integrated. In the foregoing, it has been explained how to unify the coordinate systems of the devices, and the compound measurement can be performed under the same coordinate system by mounting a plurality of measuring module measuring heads on the simulator, where the measuring modules include, but are not limited to, contact type detecting measuring heads, contact type scanning measuring heads, contact type roughness modules, non-contact optical cameras, non-contact laser and the like. The coordinate system superposition of various measuring heads can be compositely carried out by adopting a plurality of calibration samples on the equipment, and the coordinate system superposition is compared and compensated by comparing the coordinate system superposition with the position of the theoretical rotation center of the measuring head seat. And the rotary superposition simulation machine of the measuring head can be used for moving to form multi-axis linkage, so that the requirements of various measuring heads on the direction losing of the contact surface method are effectively met.
In the traditional measuring instrument, manual work is not needed to accurately position equipment during use, unnecessary operation is reduced, and a rocker control system taking analog quantity as a signal is mostly adopted. In order to meet the implementation of the scheme, particularly when a pressing person operates the pull meter, the operation mode of the simulation machine should be similar to the operation mode of the alignment of the processing unit, such as inching, long acting and the like.
The scheme adopts a mode of superposing an analog quantity manual operator by a pulse quantity electronic hand wheel, performs function switching by a controller logic enabling switching mode, perfectly reproduces the functions of inching and long moving of the machining center with adjustable multiplying power, and conveniently and intuitively reflects the equipment state, and is provided with an information display screen beside a reference system.
As shown in FIG. 1, the off-board pre-adjustment simulator provides comprehensive straightness, three axes with good mutual perpendicularity are used for pull meter alignment or measurement, the comprehensive straightness can reach 2um or L/100 (um) as required, and the perpendicularity can reach 2um or L/100 as required. The three shafts of the three-shaft automatic centering device comprise independent metering systems and transmission systems, and can be subjected to related operation by matching an alignment operation controller with an electronic hand wheel or matching a measurement operation controller with a manual operator according to the requirements.
It is provided with a multifunctional screen display for providing specific information required in the current operation, such as: axis selection, coordinate values, speed, acceleration, distance, etc.
The alignment fixture is provided with one or more alignment reference systems arranged in a working space, can be adapted to various types of reference fixture systems and can be used for clamping various workpieces.
The device is provided with a working module which can be freely replaced between the measuring and aligning modules according to the requirement.
As shown in fig. 2, the base 1 and the base 2 in fig. 2 use the same quick-change base, and the reference system can provide an effective comprehensive complex positioning accuracy of any quick-change base and reference base up to 0.5 um.
As shown in fig. 3A and 3B, the alignment system can be installed in two modes of illustration, and the alignment system can perform pressure gauge and alignment along with triaxial motion of the simulator after installation.
In the invention, the alignment and installation mode of the simulator as shown in fig. 3A and 3B is adopted, the simulator in fig. 3A is externally hung and installed, and comprises a side head seat 100 installed at the lower part of a Z-axis transmission assembly, a side head seat 101 arranged at the bottom of the side head seat 100, an externally hung gauge head seat 107 arranged at the lower part of the side head seat 101, a contact side head 108 arranged at the lower part of the externally hung gauge head seat, an externally hung arm 102 arranged at one side of the side head seat 101, a positioning knob 101 arranged on the externally hung arm 102, a dial gauge seat 104 arranged at the lower end of the externally hung arm, an externally hung lever dial gauge 106 arranged at the lower end of the dial gauge seat 104, a pre-tightening knob 103 and a fine tuning knob 105 arranged on the externally hung arm, wherein the pre-tightening knob is used for positioning the externally hung arm at one side of the Z-axis transmission assembly, and the pre-tightening knob is used for fixing between the dial gauge seat and the externally hung arm.
Fig. 3B adopts direct connection, including the side seat mount pad of installing in the lower part of Z axle transmission subassembly, the direct connection side seat 110 of setting in side seat mount pad bottom is provided with direct connection adapter bar 109 in direct connection side seat 110 bottom, is provided with direct connection lever amesdial 111 on the direct connection adapter bar.
The external hanging mode is easy to interfere with the measuring module (namely, the contact type measuring head is shown in the drawing), and the subsequent description is carried out by adopting the right-hand direct connection mode.
As shown in fig. 4, the measuring operation module adopts a gauge head system used in a conventional measuring machine, and can perform operation through contact measurement.
As shown in FIG. 5, the base of the reference system is aligned by repeatedly pulling the meter, the posture of the base is continuously adjusted while the meter is pulled by taking the meter as a reading reference, and the posture is adjusted to be less than or equal to 1um as required. The simulator coordinate system is used as a basic reference coordinate system.
After alignment, a reference system coordinate system (the origin of the coordinate system is found) can be established on the processing unit, the electric spark unit and the simulator respectively by the same characteristics in a mode shown in the lower 4 view of fig. 5.
In order to ensure that the data information is correct when the simulator software platform communicates with the processing unit NC, the information flow is named in the manner shown in fig. 8 to distinguish the order and directionality of the equipment, the workpiece, the equipment mapping equipment, and the workpiece mapping equipment.
After finding the origin of the reference system coordinates, as shown in fig. 9, the offset value of the coordinate system of the current device should be X1/Y1/Z1 (and so on), and the offset value of the coordinate system of the reference system of the different device is two-by-two summation. And (3) inputting offset values of all the devices into a simulator software platform on the basis of the offset values, and completing overlapping construction work of different coordinate systems on the basis of the offset values.
After the overlapping construction work of the coordinate system of the different machine is completed, the workpiece is aligned and measured on the simulator, and then the actual coordinate values after the workpiece and the quick-change seat are replaced to other equipment are shown in fig. 10.
The simulation machine is used for completing the simulation function of the external coordinate system of each processing unit, the functions of alignment, tool setting and upper procedure inspection can be completed before processing, and inspection, state analysis and monitoring can be performed at any time after processing and processing.
The traditional pull meter alignment work is performed by an operator in the processing unit for pull meter alignment, the gauge stand is often adsorbed on the main shaft, the deflection angle of the pressure meter is large at the moment, the pressure meter is not in the normal direction, the precision of the gauge is low, the processing unit bears impact load to cause single-shaft precision loss, the operator is not operated properly, and the like, so that the alignment process precision before processing is greatly restricted. The guide rail of the simulator is not subjected to impact load, the problems of long-term use precision loss and the like are solved, the comprehensive straightness and verticality of the guide rail can reach 2um, the short distance can be considered to be less than or equal to 1um, and the measuring module can be replaced for calibration after the meter is pulled, so that the precision rechecking is finished with the equipment precision.
As shown in fig. 6, the measurement operation module is replaced, secondary measurement is performed on the pull meter reference, and the position difference value in the vertical direction of the pull meter direction is obtained, if the base pull meter is parallel to the X axis, the difference value of the Y axis is obtained, and repeated correction is performed according to the difference value.
In the traditional processing process, the pull meter alignment is needed every time of the secondary clamping, but only a certain datum plane can be selected as the pull meter datum for each alignment, but in the actual processing, the selected datum plane is not necessarily the optimal datum plane due to the processing error,
Then, as shown in fig. 7, the simulator can perform feature inspection on the external semi-finished product waiting for processing by replacing the measuring operation module, and then can select a reference plane for alignment or perform offset alignment as required according to the state of the part to be processed.
As shown in fig. 11, compared with the traditional clamping, the clamping time of each turn is saved, the effective starting time of the machine tool is increased, and meanwhile, machining errors and alignment errors brought between the working procedures are reduced. The traditional machining is that the workpiece coordinate system offset is accumulated continuously along with the increase of clamping times, and the reference system adopts the same reference all the time.
As shown in fig. 12, in the conventional processing, the coordinate systems of multiple processing units cannot be unified, and after each clamping, the coordinate systems cannot be unified, that is, the processing cannot be started by taking the same origin of coordinates as a reference, so that two problems puzzling the processing for many years are brought, and 1, the initial deviation is large; 2. how does the detection device repair after the problem is detected?
Based on the simulation machine software platform, after the simulation machine software platform is matched with the reference system, the simulation machine software platform can integrate the machining reference and the checking reference, and really achieve where not to repair. And if the part designer participates, the design reference, the processing reference and the inspection reference can be integrated.
On the basis, the processing precision can be effectively improved.
As shown in fig. 13, compared with the conventional processing mode, based on a simulation machine software platform and matched with a reference system to perform superposition reconstruction of different machine coordinate systems in the above mode, each machine can be simulated under the same space and the same coordinate system, the problem of coordinate offset between devices is solved by calling initial reference system coordinate offset values stored in the simulation machine software platform (as shown in fig. 9), then workpiece offset values are called (as shown in fig. 10), calculation is performed according to the mapping relation of the information flow naming rule as a pointer shown in fig. 8, and data conduction is performed through NC communication technology when parts are in sequence.
As shown in fig. 14, in conventional processing, it is often necessary to use different measuring equipment such as an optical measuring machine, a three-coordinate measuring machine, a roughness measuring machine, and the like for each process.
The simulation machine can adopt the measuring head system used by the traditional measuring machine, or can adopt a special measuring system as shown in fig. 17, and is provided with various measuring heads to measure the same workpiece. And the standard ball is corrected, so that the coordinates of the measuring heads of various types are overlapped.
In order to cope with the difference between the alignment operation and the measurement operation, the simulator is specially provided with two working conditions, and each working condition is provided with a corresponding control system and a corresponding control unit, as shown in the alignment operation control principle of the simulator in fig. 15 and the measurement operation control principle of the simulator in fig. 16.
During measurement operation, the same functions and working modes as those of the traditional measuring machine are adopted. During alignment operation, the operation mode of the traditional processing unit is adopted. And the controller thereof can be integrated as required. The foregoing has described in detail the embodiments of the present invention, and specific embodiments have been employed to illustrate the principles and implementations of the embodiments of the present invention, the above description of the embodiments being only useful for aiding in the understanding of the principles of the embodiments of the present invention; meanwhile, as for those skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there are variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An alignment method of a machine tool external working condition simulator based on automatic precision machining is characterized by comprising a simulator, a CNC and NC combined operation unit,
The reading of the lever dial indicator is used as a reference, the lever dial indicator is repeatedly pulled to align the measuring base,
Wherein, the analog machine includes: a base, a simulator base arranged above the base,
The Y-axis component is arranged at one side of the base of the simulator, the X-axis component is arranged on the Y-axis component, the Z-axis component is arranged on the X-axis component, the Z-axis component is provided with a side head system, the side head is provided with a lever dial indicator,
A measuring base is arranged on the base of the simulator, at least one reference system is arranged on the measuring base, the measuring base is aligned by repeatedly pulling the lever dial indicator by taking the reading of the lever dial indicator as a reference,
Setting the origin of the fixture coordinate system by taking the center point of the measuring base as the center and the same characteristic structure, obtaining the actual coordinate values of the origin of the coordinate system of the reference system under the simulator and the CNC, recording the three-axis coordinate difference value for compensation, obtaining the overlapped construction of the coordinate systems of the simulator and the CNC different machines,
After the different machine coordinate systems are overlapped and built, the actual position of the workpiece to be processed and the position deviation value of the origin of coordinates are measured by using a simulator, and the position deviation value and NC processing technology are used for controlling the processing unit to work through a communication module, so that the purpose of alignment by using the simulator is achieved.
2. The alignment method according to claim 1, wherein the same reference system is created under the combined operation of CNC and NC, unified alignment is performed, a simulator is used as transfer, coordinate system difference information is obtained, and coordinates of a plurality of different positions are overlapped.
3. The alignment method according to claim 2, wherein the coordinate system and workpiece feature information obtained by creating the same reference system under the combined operation of CNC and NC are transmitted to the simulator for translation by the communication module when the simulator is used as a relay.
4. The alignment method according to claim 1, wherein the simulation machine is used as a platform, the coordinate systems of the plurality of devices are respectively associated with the simulation machine, then the simulation machine performs compensation operation to obtain the deviation value condition of the coordinate system of each device, and further when the workpiece is processed, the deviation value condition of the coordinate system is conducted to the relevant processing information in combination with the workpiece compensation information, so that the plurality of devices can be regarded as being processed in the same coordinate system.
5. The alignment method of claim 1, wherein the Y-axis assembly comprises a Y-axis drive mechanism mounted on one side of the base, a Y-axis guide rail mounted on the Y-axis drive mechanism, a support column mounted within the Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis metrology system mounted at the Y-axis guide rail,
An X-axis transmission mechanism is arranged on the support column, an X-axis guide rail is arranged on the X-axis transmission mechanism, an X-axis metering system is arranged along the X-axis guide rail,
The X-axis guide rail is provided with a slide seat, the slide seat is provided with a Z-axis transmission assembly, the Z-axis transmission assembly is provided with a Z-axis transmission mechanism, the Z-axis guide rail is arranged on the Z-axis transmission mechanism, the Z-axis guide rail is provided with a Z-axis metering system, and the lateral head system is arranged on the Z-axis guide rail.
6. The alignment method according to claim 5, wherein the X-axis transmission mechanism, the Y-axis transmission mechanism, and the Z-axis transmission mechanism are one of ball screw, linear motor, and timing belt transmission.
7. The alignment method of claim 1, wherein an alignment work controller and a measurement work controller are disposed within the base.
8. The alignment method according to claim 1, wherein the analog machine base is further provided with a display screen, an alignment operation electronic hand wheel and a measurement operation manual operator, and the alignment operation electronic hand wheel and the measurement operation manual operator are respectively and electrically connected with the alignment operation controller and the measurement operation controller correspondingly.
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| CN113059403B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-12-13 | 沈阳机床股份有限公司 | Detection method for angle of machined surface of axle and detection head matched with detection method |
| CN114260757A (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-04-01 | 中国航发西安动力控制科技有限公司 | Zero point alignment tool and alignment method for horizontal machining center |
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