CN110734575A - 一种气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents

一种气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法及其应用 Download PDF

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CN110734575A
CN110734575A CN201911023155.6A CN201911023155A CN110734575A CN 110734575 A CN110734575 A CN 110734575A CN 201911023155 A CN201911023155 A CN 201911023155A CN 110734575 A CN110734575 A CN 110734575A
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史佳琪
刘静
王星瑶
苗蕾
周建华
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种气凝胶‑聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法及其应用，以壳聚糖和PVA为基底，制备壳聚糖气凝胶，加入吡咯，用FeCl3使其原位聚合并均匀附着在壳聚糖气凝胶上，得到气凝胶‑聚吡咯光热转化材料，该材料结构稳定且具有优异的水热转化性能和吸光性能，可用做光热转化材料，应用于海水淡化，污水处理等场合。

Description

一种气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法及其应用
技术领域：
本发明涉及一种气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术：
太阳光能作为一种清洁能源得到了广泛的应用，在目前光热转换材料中，碳材料因其具有良好的光吸收系数，稳定性高，光热性能优异得到了广泛的关注，但是由于其脆性大，难以成膜，且性能优异的碳材料价格偏高，难以生产，从而限制了以碳材料为母体的光热转换材料的实际应用。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法及其应用，以壳聚糖和PVA为基底，制备壳聚糖气凝胶，加入吡咯，用FeCl3使其原位聚合并均匀附着在壳聚糖气凝胶上，得到气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料，该材料结构稳定且具有优异的水热转化性能和吸光性能，可用做光热转化材料，应用于海水淡化，污水处理等场合。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的：
一种气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
1)常温下，将壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和戊二醛混合搅拌，然后冷冻干燥，得到壳聚糖气凝胶；
2)将得到的壳聚糖气凝胶放置于FeCl3溶液中完全浸润，加入吡咯，常温放置3-5小时之后用去离子水反复浸泡聚合反应后的气凝胶，直到气凝胶上附着的聚吡咯不再脱落。
优选地，步骤1)中壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇和戊二醛的质量比为(1-2)：(1.2-3.3):1。
壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和戊二醛混合搅拌20-40分钟，然后冷冻干燥30-36小时，得到壳聚糖气凝胶。
步骤2)中吡咯与壳聚糖气凝胶、FeCl3的的质量比为1：(0.2-0.3)：(5-10)。
壳聚糖含有氨基和羟基的活性基团，比表面积大，因而可做吸附材料，可以与重金属离子形成螯合物。
聚吡咯(PPy)易制备和掺杂、机械性能好、良好的环境稳定性、近红外吸收强，共轭结构中的π电子离域程度较高，既表现出足够的亲电子性，又表现出较低的电子解离能，具有宽泛的光谱吸收、高光热转换效率，是很好的界面太阳能水蒸发材料。
本发明以壳聚糖和PVA为基底制备的壳聚糖气凝胶为多孔框架，兼具了壳聚糖和气凝胶的优点，提供了良好的亲水性能，增大了吸附容量并且可以作为承载光热材料的载体，将吡咯原位聚合并且附着在气凝胶的框架上，使得产品有良好的吸光性能和优异的水热转化性能，可用做光热转化材料，应用于海水淡化，污水处理等场合。
本发明还保护上述制备方法得到的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料及其应用。
本发明的有益效果如下：制备工艺简单，得到的产物结构稳定，有良好的吸光性能和优异的水热转化性能，可用做光热转化材料，应用于海水淡化，污水处理等场合。
附图说明：
图1为本发明实施例1制备的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的傅里叶红外吸收光谱图；
图2为本发明实施例1制备的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的紫外-可见光吸收光谱图；
图3为本发明实施例1制备的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的蒸汽效果图；
其中，CS、壳聚糖气凝胶，CS-PPy、壳聚糖气凝胶。
具体实施方式：
以下是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1：气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法
该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤一)合成壳聚糖气凝胶
1.1分别量取3ml 1.5wt％壳聚糖溶液、1ml 5wt％的PVA和150uL戊二醛依次加入干净的小烧杯(壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇和戊二醛的质量比为1.2：1.33：1)。
1.2加入洁净的磁石，常温磁力搅拌30分钟。
1.3放入冷冻机冷冻干燥36小时。
步骤二)原位聚合
2.1将2.349g的FeCl3·6H2O溶解在18mL的去离子水溶液中不停搅拌直到完全溶解得到FeCl3溶液。
2.2将壳聚糖气凝胶放置于3ml FeCl3溶液中完全浸润，再添加0.5ml新蒸馏的吡咯(吡咯与壳聚糖气凝胶的质量比为1：0.265)，封上保鲜膜，静置四小时。
2.3四小时以后用去离子水反复润洗浸泡聚合反应后的气凝胶，直至聚吡咯的小颗粒不再脱落，润洗之后的去离子水无色。
2.4将得到的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料放置过滤纸上吸水备用。
其傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱如图1所示，其紫外可见光吸收光谱如图2所示。由图1通过对比壳聚糖气凝胶和气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的红外峰，可以得出PPy原位生长在壳聚糖气凝胶的骨架上，得到气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料。
如图2所示，本发明气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料在200-2500nm波长范围内，对光的吸收率可达到95.99％，可以吸收大部分紫外-可见光区域波长的光，具有优异的光热转化性能。
参考文献Peng-Fei Liu,Lei Miao.A mimetic transpiration system forrecord high conversion efficiency in solar steam generator under one-sun[J].Materials Today Energy,2018,8:166-173测试材料的蒸汽效果，气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的蒸汽效果图如图3所示，在一小时内蒸汽速率可达0.42kg m-2h-1，说明其具有优异的水净化能力。

Claims (6)

1.一种气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
1)常温下，将壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇和戊二醛混合搅拌，然后冷冻干燥，得到壳聚糖气凝胶；
2)将得到的壳聚糖气凝胶放置于FeCl3溶液中完全浸润，加入吡咯，常温放置3-5小时之后用去离子水反复浸泡聚合反应后的气凝胶，直到气凝胶上附着的聚吡咯不再脱落。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇和戊二醛的质量比为(1-2)：(1.2-3.3):1。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法，其特征在于，壳聚糖、聚乙烯醇和戊二醛混合搅拌20-40分钟，然后冷冻干燥30-36小时，得到壳聚糖气凝胶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中吡咯与壳聚糖气凝胶、FeCl3的质量比为1：(0.2-0.3)：(5-10)。
5.一种权利要求1所述制备方法得到的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料。
6.权利要求5所述的气凝胶-聚吡咯光热转化材料的应用，其特征在于，用做光热转化材料，应用于海水淡化，污水处理。
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CN113480847A (zh) * 2021-07-22 2021-10-08 广东石油化工学院 一种强机械性能和储能特性的复合板材的制备方法
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