CN110732477B - Spiral sound wave transmitting transducer with vibration transmission rod - Google Patents
Spiral sound wave transmitting transducer with vibration transmission rod Download PDFInfo
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- CN110732477B CN110732477B CN201911023253.XA CN201911023253A CN110732477B CN 110732477 B CN110732477 B CN 110732477B CN 201911023253 A CN201911023253 A CN 201911023253A CN 110732477 B CN110732477 B CN 110732477B
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
- B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
- B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- B06B2201/70—Specific application
- B06B2201/74—Underwater
Abstract
The invention provides a spiral sound wave transmitting transducer containing a vibration transmission rod, which comprises the vibration transmission rod, piezoelectric ceramic piles and a metal mass block, wherein the vibration transmission rod, the piezoelectric ceramic piles and the metal mass block are arranged in a metal shell, the vibration transmission rod is arranged at the center of the metal shell, the upper end and the lower end of the vibration transmission rod are fixedly connected with the metal shell, a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramic piles are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the vibration transmission rod, the metal mass block is sleeved on the periphery of the piezoelectric ceramic piles, each piezoelectric ceramic pile comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces and electrode plates, the piezoelectric ceramic piles are formed by laminating the piezoelectric ceramic pieces and the electrode plates in a staggered mode, and the two ends of each piezoelectric ceramic pile are respectively provided with the piezoelectric ceramic pieces. The spiral sound wave transmitting transducer with the vibration transmission rod is simple in driving mode, high in phase directivity linearity, free of phase characteristic change along with height, low in resonant frequency and capable of being used for underwater sound spiral sound wave navigation and underwater sound communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of underwater acoustic transducers, and particularly relates to a spiral acoustic wave transmitting transducer with a vibration transmission rod.
Background
Acoustic waves are the only energy carrier known to man to date that can be transmitted over long distances in sea water. Underwater navigation positioning often uses sound waves as a medium for carrying information. The underwater acoustic transducer is used as equipment for generating acoustic waves underwater, and related application technology improvement is needed according to the time requirements.
In recent years, the rapid development of small-size underwater vehicles puts forward the demands for miniaturization and simplification of underwater navigation equipment, and the American Benjamin Dzikowicz simulates the VOR technology in radio navigation and puts forward a new underwater sound navigation technology, so that the navigation function is realized by utilizing the phase directivity of spiral sound waves, and the equipment burden of the underwater vehicle is reduced. The spiral sound wave transducer is one of the key technologies of spiral sound wave navigation, and underwater spiral sound wave navigation with available precision can be realized only by realizing a linear phase directional spiral sound wave transmitting technology, so that the spiral sound wave transducer is very important for the research of the spiral sound wave underwater sound transducer.
There are many types of underwater acoustic transducers capable of emitting a helical sound wave. For example: spiral 1-3 composite material transducer, phase-controlled circular 1-3 composite material transducer, electrode split piezoelectric circular tube transducer, longitudinal vibrator circular array transducer, etc. Although the spiral sound wave transducers can emit sound waves with phase directivity, the linearity of the phase directivity of the transducers is often poor, the problem that the phase directivity changes along with the height exists, extra errors are added to navigation, the driving modes of some transducers are too complex, the requirements of actual spiral sound wave navigation cannot be met, the emission of the spiral sound waves is achieved, the linearity of the phase directivity is high, the phase characteristic does not change along with the height, and the driving is simple, so that the problem of people concerned at present is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a helical acoustic wave transmitting transducer including a vibration rod, which has a simple driving method, high linearity of phase directivity, no variation of phase characteristics with height, and a low resonant frequency. The method can be used for underwater sound spiral sound wave navigation and underwater sound communication.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides a spiral sound wave transmitting transducer who contains biography vibration pole, is piled and the metal quality piece including biography vibration pole, piezoceramics that set up in the metal casing, the biography vibration pole set up in metal casing's center department, and the upper and lower end of biography vibration pole all links firmly with metal casing, at the biography vibration pole a plurality of groups piezoceramics of equipartition all around pile, the metal quality piece cover establish the periphery that the piezoceramics piled, each piezoceramics pile all include a plurality of piezoceramics pieces and electrode slice, piezoceramics pile form by the crisscross pressfitting of piezoceramics piece and electrode slice, and the both ends of piezoceramics pile are piezoceramics piece.
Further, metal casing includes upper cover, lower cover and middle section pipe, upper cover and lower cover be the central plectane thick, that the edge is thin, the middle section pipe be the equal thickness pipe, upper cover and lower cover and middle section pipe external diameter equal, upper cover and lower cover and the coaxial setting of middle section pipe and fixed connection.
Furthermore, the upper cover and the lower cover are completely the same in shape, and are circular plates, one surface of each circular plate close to the vibration transmission rod is a plane, and the other surface of each circular plate is a curved surface.
Furthermore, the vibration transmission rod is a variable cross-section solid metal rod which is symmetrical up and down, the cross section of the middle section of the vibration transmission rod is square, the cross sections of the upper section and the lower section of the vibration transmission rod are circular, the length of the vibration transmission rod is equal to the height of the middle section circular tube of the metal shell, two ends of the vibration transmission rod are fixedly connected with the inner surfaces of the upper cover and the lower cover of the metal shell, and the vibration transmission rod is coaxially arranged with the upper cover and the lower cover.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric ceramic piles are arranged in 4 groups, the 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic piles are arranged around the middle section of the vibration transmission rod along the circumferential direction, and the central axes of the two adjacent groups of piezoelectric ceramic piles are perpendicular to each other and penetrate through the geometric center of the vibration transmission rod.
Furthermore, each group of piezoelectric ceramic stacks is of a cuboid structure formed by bonding 2n piezoelectric ceramic pieces, the 2n piezoelectric ceramic pieces are polarized along the thickness direction, the polarization directions of every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic pieces are opposite, and n is a positive integer.
Furthermore, the metal mass block is a metal cylinder with an octagonal through hole in the center, a gap is formed between the metal mass block and the metal shell, the octagonal through hole of the metal mass block is matched with the piezoelectric ceramic piles, and the metal mass block is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric ceramic piles.
Furthermore, all the electrode plates are provided with wire connecting holes, and when the number of the piezoelectric ceramic plates in each group of piezoelectric ceramic stacks is more than or equal to 4, the wire connecting holes of two adjacent electrode plates are arranged in a staggered mode.
Compared with the prior art, the spiral sound wave transmitting transducer with the vibration transmission rod has the following advantages:
the invention relates to a spiral sound wave transmitting transducer containing a vibration transmission rod,
1. utilize the circular pendulum vibration transmission spiral sound wave of transducer shell, the transducer casing has the axial symmetry, and other structure are whole to have the characteristics that are similar to the axial symmetry, have improved the uniformity of casing each side vibration, have improved the directional linearity of phase place of the spiral sound wave that the transducer transmitted.
2. The vibration generated by the piezoelectric ceramic stack is firstly transmitted to the vibration transmission rod in a concentrated manner and then transmitted to the radiation surface of the shell through the vibration transmission rod, so that the high-order vibration component of the shell can be greatly reduced, the proportion of 1-order spiral sound waves in sound radiation components of the transducer is improved, and the emitted spiral sound waves have high-linearity horizontal phase directivity;
3. the structure containing the vibration transmission rod reduces the integral equivalent rigidity of the transducer, causes the reduction of the working frequency of the transducer and ensures that the phase characteristics of the transmitted sound waves do not change along with the height.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a helical acoustic wave transmitting transducer including a vibration rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an assembly relationship between a piezo ceramic stack and a vibration rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a vibration rod;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the electrode sheet.
Description of reference numerals:
1-metal shell, 2-vibration transmission rod, 3-piezoelectric ceramic stack, 4-electrode plate, 5-piezoelectric ceramic plate, 6-metal mass block and 7-wire hole.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-4, a spiral sound wave transmitting transducer including a vibration transmission rod comprises a vibration transmission rod 2, a piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 and a metal mass block 6, wherein the vibration transmission rod 2, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 and the metal mass block 6 are arranged in a metal shell 1, the vibration transmission rod 2 is arranged at the center of the metal shell 1, the upper end and the lower end of the vibration transmission rod 2 are fixedly connected with the metal shell 1, a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 are uniformly distributed around the vibration transmission rod 2, the metal mass block 6 is sleeved on the periphery of the piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3, each piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 and electrode pieces 5, the piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 are formed by alternately pressing the piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 and the electrode pieces 5, and two ends of each piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 are provided with the piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4.
Metal casing 1 includes upper cover, lower cover and middle section pipe, upper cover and lower cover be the central plectane thick, that the edge is thin, the middle section pipe be the pipe of uniform thickness, upper cover and lower cover and middle section pipe external diameter equal, upper cover and lower cover and the coaxial setting of middle section pipe and fixed connection. The upper cover and the lower cover are completely the same in shape, and are circular plates, one surface of each circular plate close to the vibration transmission rod 2 is a plane, and the other surface of each circular plate is a curved surface. The center of the upper cover and the center of the lower cover are thick, and the edges of the upper cover and the lower cover are thin, so that higher vibration displacement can be obtained under the resonance frequency, and the low-frequency emission sensitivity of the transducer can be improved. The metal shell 1 has axial symmetry as a whole, so that the amplitude of the transducer in the circumferential direction is equal, the vibration phase changes linearly, fluctuation in a horizontal phase directivity curve is reduced, and high-linearity horizontal phase directivity is obtained.
The transmission vibration rod 2 is a variable cross-section solid metal rod which is symmetrical up and down, the cross section of the middle section of the transmission vibration rod 2 is square, the cross sections of the upper section and the lower section are circular, the length of the transmission vibration rod 2 is equal to the height of the middle section circular tube of the metal shell 1, the two ends of the transmission vibration rod 2 are fixedly connected with the inner surfaces of the upper cover and the lower cover of the metal shell 1, and the transmission vibration rod 2 is coaxially arranged with the upper cover and the lower cover. Piezoelectric ceramic piles 3 set up 4 groups, and 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic piles 3 arrange around the middle section of biography pole 2 that shakes along the circumferencial direction, and the axis mutually perpendicular of two sets of adjacent piezoelectric ceramic piles 3 and pass the geometric center of biography pole 2 that shakes.
Each group of piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 is formed by bonding 2n PZT-4 piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 and (2n-1) copper electrode pieces 5, the 2n piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 are polarized along the thickness direction, the polarization directions of every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 are opposite, and the piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 adopt a parallel connection structure on a circuit to form the piezoelectric ceramic stacks; wherein n is a positive integer; n is determined by the size of a gap between the opening of the metal mass block 6 and the vibration transmission rod 2 and the thickness of the piezoelectric ceramic plate 4; the vibration transmission rods 2 transmit the vibration generated by the four groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 to the metal shell 1, and compared with a driving mode that the multiple groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacks directly drive different parts of the radiation surface in the energy converter, the driving mode with the participation of the vibration transmission rods 2 can effectively couple and concentrate the vibration generated by each piezoelectric ceramic stack at one position, so that the consistency of the vibration of the radiation surface is improved, the shell only generates integral circular pendulum vibration, the high-order vibration of the shell is reduced, the transmitting singleness of spiral sound waves is improved, and the transmitted spiral sound waves have high-linearity horizontal phase directivity.
The metal mass block 6 is a metal cylinder with an octagonal through hole in the center, a gap is formed between the metal mass block 6 and the metal shell 1, the metal mass block 6 is not in contact with the metal shell 1, the octagonal through hole of the metal mass block 6 is matched with the piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3, and the metal mass block 6 is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3.
All the electrode plates 5 are provided with wire connecting holes 7, when n is more than or equal to 2, the wire connecting holes 7 of two adjacent electrode plates 5 are arranged in a staggered mode, and 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 are: all the lead connecting holes on the side with fewer lead connecting holes 7 are communicated with the vibration transmission rod 2 and the metal mass block 6 by leads and are used as grounding electrodes, and the lead connecting holes on the side with more lead connecting holes in the 2 groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacks on the opposite side are communicated by leads and are respectively used as a Va pole and a Vb pole; when n is equal to 1, the vibration transmission rod 2 and the metal mass block 6 are conducted through a lead to be used as a grounding electrode, and the electrode plates 5 of the opposite side 2 groups are conducted through the lead at the positions of lead holes to be used as a Va pole and a Vb pole respectively.
The invention is characterized in that the metal shell 1 is used as an acoustic radiation unit, and the metal mass block 6, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 and the like are wrapped in the metal shell, so that the metal shell has an axisymmetric structure; the vibration generated by the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 is firstly concentrated on the vibration transmission rod 2, and then the vibration is concentrated and transmitted to the metal shell 1 by the vibration transmission rod 2; under the drive of a group of dual-channel equal-amplitude orthogonal signals, the shell of the transducer does circular pendulum vibration and simultaneously emits spiral sound waves into a medium.
The invention relates to a specific assembling process of a spiral sound wave transmitting transducer containing a vibration transmission rod, which comprises the following steps:
1. the piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 and the electrode plate 5 are spliced into a piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 through epoxy resin, a lead penetrates through an electrode lead hole on the same side after the bonding is finished, and the lead is connected with the electrode 5 in a welding mode.
2. 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 are bonded to four side faces of the middle section of the vibration transmission rod 2 through epoxy resin, and a metal mass block 6 is sleeved on the outer side of the piezoelectric ceramic stacks 3 and bonded through the epoxy resin.
3. Embedding the vibration transmission rod 2 with the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 and the metal mass block 6 which are well bonded into the metal half shell, and bonding the other half shell with epoxy resin after assembling.
When the transducer works in water, an alternating electric field is applied to a piezoelectric ceramic stack 3, wherein Va and Vb are sinusoidal alternating currents with the same frequency and the same amplitude, and are orthogonal to each other, under the excitation of the alternating electric field, the piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 generates telescopic vibration, a vibration transmission rod 2 transmits the vibration to a metal shell 1, so that the metal shell 1 performs circular pendulum vibration and emits spiral sound waves into surrounding media, the position near the middle part of a circular tube at the middle section of the metal shell 1 is the position with the maximum displacement, and the vibration is transmitted by adopting an axially symmetric shell and the vibration transmission rod, so that the vibration amplitudes in different directions of the shell are the same, and the emitted sound waves have linear directional phases.
Meanwhile, the equivalent stiffness is small due to the bending vibration of the vibration transmission rod 2, so that the resonance frequency of the transducer is reduced, and the transducer has the characteristic of low-frequency small-size emission; the low-frequency small-size spiral sound wave is transmitted, so that the phase relation of the spiral sound wave is not changed along with the height; the use of the vibration transmission rod 2 enables the vibration of each piezoelectric ceramic stack 3 to be coupled together, so that unnecessary high-order modes are avoided, and the driving and debugging work of the transducer is simplified due to the minimum quantity of driving signals.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A spiral sound wave transmitting transducer containing a vibration transmission rod is characterized in that: the vibration-transmitting rod is arranged in the center of the metal shell (1), the upper end and the lower end of the vibration-transmitting rod (2) are fixedly connected with the metal shell (1), a plurality of groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacks (3) are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the vibration-transmitting rod (2), the metal mass block (6) is sleeved on the periphery of the piezoelectric ceramic stacks (3), each piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) comprises a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic plates (4) and electrode plates (5), each piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) is formed by pressing the piezoelectric ceramic plates (4) and the electrode plates (5) in a staggered mode, and the two ends of each piezoelectric ceramic stack (3) are provided with the piezoelectric ceramic plates (4);
the metal shell (1) comprises an upper cover, a lower cover and a middle section circular tube, wherein the upper cover and the lower cover are circular plates with thick centers and thin edges, the middle section circular tube is a circular tube with equal thickness, the outer diameters of the upper cover and the lower cover are equal to that of the middle section circular tube, and the upper cover and the lower cover are coaxially arranged with the middle section circular tube and fixedly connected with the middle section circular tube;
the vibration transmission rod (2) is a variable cross-section solid metal rod which is symmetrical up and down, the cross section of the middle section of the vibration transmission rod (2) is square, the cross sections of the upper section and the lower section are circular, the length of the vibration transmission rod (2) is equal to the height of a middle section circular tube of the metal shell (1), two ends of the vibration transmission rod (2) are fixedly connected with the inner surfaces of an upper cover and a lower cover of the metal shell (1), and the vibration transmission rod (2) is coaxially arranged with the upper cover and the lower cover;
the metal mass block (6) is a metal cylinder with an octagonal through hole in the center, a gap is arranged between the metal mass block (6) and the metal shell (1), the octagonal through hole of the metal mass block (6) is matched with the piezoelectric ceramic piles (3), and the metal mass block (6) is fixedly connected with the piezoelectric ceramic piles (3).
2. The helical acoustic wave transmitting transducer including a vibration rod as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the upper cover and the lower cover are completely the same in shape and are circular plates, one surface of each circular plate close to the vibration transmission rod (2) is a plane, and the other surface of each circular plate is a curved surface.
3. The helical acoustic wave transmitting transducer including a vibration rod as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric ceramic piles (3) are provided with 4 groups, the 4 groups of piezoelectric ceramic piles (3) are arranged around the middle section of the vibration transmission rod (2) along the circumferential direction, and the central axes of the two adjacent groups of piezoelectric ceramic piles (3) are perpendicular to each other and penetrate through the geometric center of the vibration transmission rod (2).
4. The helical acoustic wave transmitting transducer including a vibration rod as set forth in claim 1, wherein: each group of piezoelectric ceramic piles (3) is of a cuboid structure formed by bonding 2n piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4), the 2n piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4) are polarized along the thickness direction, the polarization directions of every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramic pieces (4) are opposite, and n is a positive integer.
5. The helical acoustic wave transmitting transducer including a vibration rod as set forth in claim 4, wherein: all the electrode plates (5) are provided with wire connecting holes (7), and when the number of the piezoelectric ceramic plates (4) in each group of piezoelectric ceramic stacks (3) is more than or equal to 4, the wire connecting holes (7) of two adjacent electrode plates (5) are arranged in a staggered mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911023253.XA CN110732477B (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | Spiral sound wave transmitting transducer with vibration transmission rod |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911023253.XA CN110732477B (en) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | Spiral sound wave transmitting transducer with vibration transmission rod |
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| CN110732477A CN110732477A (en) | 2020-01-31 |
| CN110732477B true CN110732477B (en) | 2021-07-23 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP5387293B2 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2014-01-15 | 日本電気株式会社 | Acoustic transducer |
| CN102019273B (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-08-01 | 广东固特超声实业有限公司 | Ultrasonic transducer |
| CN201921821U (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2011-08-10 | 广东固特超声实业有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave energy converter |
| DE102014100817A1 (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-07-30 | Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | converter unit |
| EP2905093B1 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2018-08-29 | SMS Concast AG | Mould assembly for continuous casting of metallic products |
| CN205599472U (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-09-28 | 许龙 | Tubular transducer of cross quadrature combined drive piezoelectricity |
| CN205833583U (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-12-28 | 中国计量学院 | The tubular transducer of composite flooding piezoelectric supersonic |
| CN105728306B (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2018-06-26 | 中国计量学院 | The orthogonal tubular energy converter of composite drive piezoelectricity of cross |
| CN109277364A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-29 | 杭州瑞利科技有限公司 | A kind of ball crown type Embedded Ultrasonic energy converter |
| CN109365253B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2024-02-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | PMNT piezoelectric transducer for ultrasonic deicing |
| CN209476645U (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-10-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of light-duty sandwich transducer based on PMNT piezoelectric material |
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