CN110725776A - Anti-icing blade, control method and system thereof and anti-icing wind driven generator - Google Patents
Anti-icing blade, control method and system thereof and anti-icing wind driven generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110725776A CN110725776A CN201911212850.7A CN201911212850A CN110725776A CN 110725776 A CN110725776 A CN 110725776A CN 201911212850 A CN201911212850 A CN 201911212850A CN 110725776 A CN110725776 A CN 110725776A
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- blade
- icing
- electric heating
- frost
- heating film
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/30—Lightning protection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/40—Ice detection; De-icing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-icing blade, which comprises a blade body, wherein the blade body comprises a root section, a middle section and a blade tip section, the root section is used for being connected with a rotating hub of a wind driven generator, the middle section is positioned between the root section and the blade tip section, and the anti-icing blade further comprises: the electric heating film is used for being connected with a power supply system and a controller of the wind driven generator through a rotary electric conductor, and the electric heating film is arranged on the outer surface of the blade body and used for generating heat to melt the frost on the blade body; the frost detector is used for being connected with a power supply system and a controller of the wind driven generator through a rotary conductor, and the frost detector is mounted on the blade body and used for detecting whether the blade body is iced; the power supply system is used for supplying power to the electric heating film and the frost detector, and the controller is used for controlling the frost detector and the electric heating film to work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to an anti-icing blade, a control method and a system thereof and an anti-icing wind driven generator.
Background
In China, the blade surface icing of the wind driven generator is a prominent problem which troubles the normal operation of the wind driven generator in winter for a long time under the low-temperature and high-humidity condition when the blade surface icing is installed on a north wind turbine generator with extremely bad ice and snow environment for a long time. The main influences brought by the ice coating on the surface of the wind driven generator blade are as follows: blade icing can lead to aerodynamic performance damage of the wind turbine blade, and the wind receiving capacity of the blade is reduced. The accumulation of ice layers on the surface of the blade at the initial stage can cause the increase of the roughness of the surface of the blade, so that the friction coefficient is increased, the generated energy is continuously reduced, the load of the blade can be increased by the additional ice layers on the surface of the blade, the original airfoil shape of the blade is changed in the ice coating state, the load and the output of a wind turbine generator are greatly influenced, and the additional load of each part of the whole blade can be increased by the unbalanced operation of the blade in the ice coating state; the extra load will result in a reduction of the service life of the wind turbine. After the surface of the blade is coated with ice, the coated ice can automatically fall off under the action of centrifugal force along with the rise of temperature, and particularly, a wind power wind motor is positioned near a road, a residential area or a ship port, so that the falling and flying ice blocks easily cause personal safety problems. Therefore, the problem of ice coating prevention of the wind driven generator is urgent to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an anti-icing blade, a control method and a control system of the anti-icing blade and an anti-icing wind driven generator, and aims to solve the problem of blade icing.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an anti-icing blade, including a blade body, where the blade body includes a root section, a middle section, and a tip section, where the root section is used for being connected to a rotating hub of a wind turbine, and the middle section is located between the root section and the tip section, and the anti-icing blade further includes: the electric heating film is used for being connected with a power supply system and a controller of the wind driven generator through a rotary electric conductor, and the electric heating film is arranged on the outer surface of the blade body and used for generating heat to melt the frost on the blade body; the frost detector is used for being connected with a power supply system and a controller of the wind driven generator through a rotary conductor, and the frost detector is mounted on the blade body and used for detecting whether the blade body is iced; the power supply system is used for supplying power to the electric heating film and the frost detector, and the controller is used for controlling the frost detector and the electric heating film to work.
Further, the frost detector is installed at the root section of the blade body and/or at the middle section of the blade body.
Furthermore, the electric heating film covers the outer surfaces of the middle section and the blade tip section of the blade body.
Further, prevent icing blade still includes and connects the arrester of dodging, connect the arrester install in the apex section of blade body, connect the arrester ground connection of dodging.
Furthermore, the lightning arrester is of a tubular structure, one end of the tubular structure is open, the other end of the tubular structure is a blind end, one end of the open end of the tubular structure is sleeved on the tail end of the blade tip section of the blade body, and the inner wall of the tubular structure is in contact with the electric heating film.
Further, the lightning receptor is made of oxygen-free copper.
Further, the electric heating film comprises a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer and an infrared radiation generation layer arranged between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.
Further, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are each any one of a polyethylene terephthalate layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polybisallyldiglycol carbonate layer, a silicone rubber layer, and a polyimide resin layer.
Further, the infrared radiation generation layer is made of any one material of a carbon black layer, a micro-nano graphite powder layer, a carbon nanofiber layer, a carbon nanotube layer and a graphene layer or a mixture of at least any two materials.
Further, the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are sealed by an adhesive, and the infrared radiation generation layer is sandwiched and sealed by the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.
Furthermore, the surface of the electric heating film is coated with an epoxy resin layer.
Further, the frost detector includes: the heating module is used for being connected with the power supply system and the controller and generating heat to melt the frost on the heating module into water flow; the detection module is used for being connected with the controller so as to detect whether the blades are iced or not through water flow on the heating module.
Further, the heating module is an electric heating film substrate, the detection module comprises a temperature sensor and a water probe, the temperature sensor and the water probe are both mounted on the electric heating film substrate, and a probe of the temperature sensor protrudes and is higher than the plane of the electric heating film substrate.
Furthermore, the electric heating film substrate is formed by compounding the electric heating film on an epoxy resin plate.
Further, the water probe is made of stainless steel containing molybdenum.
Further, the frost detector also comprises a flow gathering structure, and the flow gathering structure is arranged on the electric heating film substrate and is used for gathering melted water flow.
Furthermore, the flow collecting structure comprises a conical groove type water collecting cover plate, the conical groove type water collecting cover plate covers the electric heating film substrate to form a water collecting cavity, the wide end of the water collecting cavity faces the windward side of the blade, a collecting pipe is arranged at the narrow end of the water collecting cavity, the water probe is installed on the electric heating film substrate and located in the water collecting cavity, and the temperature sensor is installed on the electric heating film substrate and located outside the water collecting cavity.
Furthermore, outside the water collecting cavity, two sides of the electric heating film substrate are provided with symmetrical bent edges.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an anti-icing wind turbine, which includes an anti-icing blade, where the anti-icing blade is mounted on a rotating hub of the anti-icing wind turbine, and the anti-icing blade is the above-mentioned anti-icing blade.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an anti-icing control method for an anti-icing blade, where the anti-icing blade is the anti-icing blade described above, and the anti-icing control method includes the following steps that are implemented by the controller: receiving the temperature value collected by the frost detector; judging whether the temperature value reaches a preset temperature threshold value or not; if the temperature value reaches a preset temperature threshold value, controlling the frost detector to start a heating function so that frost on the frost detector is melted into water flow; judging whether a water flow signal collected by the frost detector is received or not; and if a water flow signal acquired by the frost detector is received, starting the electric heating film to melt the frost on the blade.
In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an anti-icing control system for an anti-icing blade, where the anti-icing blade is the anti-icing blade according to the first aspect, and the anti-icing control system includes: the electric heating film is arranged on the anti-icing blade and is used for generating heat to melt the frost on the blade body; the frost detector is arranged on the anti-icing blade and used for detecting whether the blade body is iced or not; the power supply system is used for supplying power to the electric heating film and the frost detector; the controller is used for controlling the electric heating film and the frost detector to work; the rotary conductive device is used for transmitting power and signals; the power supply system and the controller are electrically connected with the electric heating film and the frost detector through the rotary conductive device so as to realize power supply and control of the electric heating film and the frost detector; the controller executes the anti-icing control method according to the third aspect while controlling the electric heating film and the frost detector.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the blade icing detector detects whether the blades are iced, and if the blades are iced, the electric heating film is started to melt the ice on the blades, so that the blades can not be iced in various icing climates, the normal operation of the wind driven generator is ensured, and the power generation efficiency and reliability are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block circuit diagram of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side view of a wind turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the wind-swept surface of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the rear side of the wind-swept side of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a lightning receptor for an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a frost detector of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a left side view of a frost detector of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a frost detector of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view A-A of a frost detector of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a B-B cross-sectional view of a frost detector of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a C-C cross-sectional view of a frost detector of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of an electrothermal film substrate for an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a left side view of an electrothermal film substrate for an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a top view of an electrothermal film substrate for an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a tapered, slotted water-collecting cover plate of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a top view of a tapered, slotted water collection cover plate of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a D-D cross-sectional view of a tapered, slotted water-collecting cover plate of an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a flow chart of an anti-icing method for an anti-icing blade according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It is also to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification of the present invention and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1 to 18, the present embodiment provides an anti-icing blade 2, which includes a blade body, the blade body includes a root section 20, a middle section 21 and a tip section 22, the root section 20 is used for being connected with a rotating hub 3 of a wind turbine, the middle section 21 is located between the root section 20 and the tip section 22, the blade 2 further includes: an electrothermal film 204 and a frost detector 205. Wherein the electric heating film 204 is used for connecting with the power supply system 200 and the controller 100 (for example, a PLC controller is used in this embodiment) of the wind driven generator through the rotary electric conductor 4, and the electric heating film 204 is provided on the outer surface (blade shell 203) of the blade body and is used for generating heat to melt the frost on the blade body; the frost detector 205 is used for being connected with a power supply system 200 of the wind driven generator and the PLC 100 through the rotary conductor 4, and the frost detector 205 is mounted on the blade body and used for detecting whether the blade body is iced; the power supply system 200 is configured to supply power to the electric heating film 204 and the frost detector 205, and the PLC controller 100 is configured to control the operation of the frost detector 205 and the electric heating film 204. By implementing the embodiment, in the weather of rime, sleet, snow and the like, the ice covering condition of the blades 2 is detected by controlling the ice detector 205 through the PLC; if the icing of the blade 2 is detected, the electric heating film 204 arranged on the blade shell 203 is controlled to work to generate heat to melt the frost on the blade 2, so that the surface temperature of the blade 2 is higher than zero degrees centigrade, the blade is prevented from being iced, the normal operation of the wind driven generator is ensured, and the power generation efficiency and reliability are improved.
In an embodiment, the blade body comprises a root section 20, a mid-section 21 and a tip section 22. The blades form a wind wheel of the wind driven generator. The blade is an important part for converting wind energy into mechanical energy by the wind driven generator, is a basis for obtaining higher wind energy utilization coefficient and economic benefit, and is used as a unique component for capturing the wind energy, and the performance and the generating efficiency of the fan are directly influenced by the state of the blade.
The root section 20 is a blade section connected with the rotating hub 3 of the wind driven generator, the root section 20 is a part where the blade is connected with the hub, various loads such as centrifugal tension, rotation resistance, axial thrust, pneumatic bending moment, torque and the like applied to the blade by the root section 20 are transmitted to the rotating hub 3 through the connection of the blade root section 20, and the load borne by the root section 20 is the largest.
The middle section 21 is a section between the root section 20 and the blade tip section 22; the stress of the wind turbine blade is mainly concentrated on the middle section 21 of the blade, the stress near the root section 20 and the blade tip section 22 of the wind turbine blade is smaller than that of the middle section 21, and the stress of the windward side is larger than that of the leeward side; although the low stress of the leeward middle section 21 is smaller than that of the windward side, the stress thereof is significantly increased as the operating wind speed increases.
The blade tip section 22 is the position where the linear velocity of the wind wheel is the maximum, 85% of the output power of the wind driven generator is from a 60% blade length area along the radius direction of the wind wheel, including a near blade tip area, wherein the 20% blade length area of the outermost edge, namely the blade tip section 22, has the highest contribution to the overall aerodynamic characteristics of the fan.
In addition, the foremost end of the blade 2 in the rotation direction is a blade leading edge 2q, and the stress at the central position of the windward side is mainly concentrated on the blade leading edge 2 q. The rearmost end of the blade 2 in the rotating direction is a blade trailing edge 2h, and the force of the blade trailing edge 2h is smaller than that of the blade leading edge 2 q.
In an embodiment, the blade 2 is provided with a supporting beam 202, the supporting beam 202 is a structural device of blade rigidity, and bears bending load applied to the blade, so that the blade is lightened in mass and improved in rigidity, and the supporting beam 202 is made of a composite material composed of carbon fiber and an epoxy resin material.
In an embodiment, the blade shell 203 is two half shells of the blade 2, supported by the support beam 202 inside the blade 2. To meet the aerodynamic requirements, not only is a lighter weight required, but also higher strength, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance are required. Therefore, the blade shell 203 is made of a composite material structure made of glass fiber and carbon fiber reinforced resin.
In one embodiment, the electrocaloric membrane 204 covers the mid-section 21 and tip section 22 of the outer surface of the body (i.e., blade shell 203). The electric heating film 204 is adhered to the outer layer of the blade shell 203 by means of adhesion. According to the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine rotor, 85% of the output power of the wind turbine is derived from the 60% blade length area along the radius direction of the blade, namely the middle section 21 and the tip section 22 of the blade. The electric heating film 204 covers the middle section 21 and the blade tip section 22 of the blade, and 85% of the output power of the wind driven generator is ensured. The root section 20 of the blade 2 is an area close to the circle center of the wind wheel, the linear speed of rotation is far less than the blade tip section 22 of the blade 2 and also less than the middle section 21 of the blade 2, and effective sweeping work is far less than the middle section 21 and the blade tip section 22 of the blade 2. Therefore, the electric heating film 204 is omitted from covering the root section 20 of the blade 2, so that the manufacturing cost is saved, the working area of the electric heating film 204 is reduced, and the power consumption of heating consumption is reduced.
In one embodiment, lightning protection is also important for wind turbines because wind turbines are tall and located in open areas, and lightning strikes are also a large cause of damage to wind turbines. Blade 2 still includes and connects dodge arrester 201, connect dodge arrester 201 to install blade tip section 22 of blade body, connect dodge arrester 201 ground connection. In a thunderstorm weather, when the blade 2 is struck by lightning, the lightning arrester 201 can guide the lightning and introduce lightning current to the ground through grounding, so that the blade 2 is prevented from being struck by lightning, and the safety and reliability of the blade are improved. Specifically, lightning arrester 201 is the tubular structure, the one end opening of tubular structure, the other end are the cecum, tubular structure open-ended pot head is located the tail end of the apex section 22 of blade body, the inner wall of tubular structure with electric heat film 204 contacts. The inner wall of the tubular structure is tightly attached to the electric heating film 204 for heat conduction, when the electric heating film 204 works, the lightning arrester 201 is heated by the electric heating film 204 to keep a temperature higher than zero ℃, and the outer surface of the lightning arrester 201 has an anti-icing function. In addition, the lightning arrester is made of oxygen-free copper, and the cylindrical structure made of the oxygen-free copper is high in electric conductivity, and good in processing performance, welding performance, corrosion resistance and low-temperature performance.
In one embodiment, the electrocaloric film 204 includes a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and an infrared radiation generating layer disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.
The first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are any one of a polyethylene terephthalate layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polydiallyldiglycol carbonate layer, a silicone rubber layer and a polyimide resin layer. The first insulating layer and the second insulating layer function as insulation.
The infrared radiation generation layer is made of any one material of a carbon black layer, a micro-nano graphite powder layer, a carbon nanofiber layer, a carbon nanotube layer and a graphene layer or a mixture of at least any two materials. The infrared radiation generation layer can be one or two or a mixture of two or more. The infrared radiation generation layer is used for generating heat and playing a role in heating.
The first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are sealed by an adhesive, and the infrared radiation generation layer is sandwiched and sealed by the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. The first insulating layer, the infrared radiation generation layer and the second insulating layer are sealed to form the electric heating film 204.
The surface of the electric heating film 204 is coated with an epoxy resin layer, so that the capability of the electric heating film 204 for resisting sand erosion is further improved.
In an embodiment, the frost detector 205 is mounted on the root section 20 of the blade 2 and/or in the middle section of the body of the blade 2. Because the stress of the root section 20 is small, the frost detector 205 is mounted on the root section 20 of the blade, so that the impact of external force can be reduced, and the service life of the frost detector 205 can be prolonged. In addition, the frost detector 205 is installed in the middle section of the blade 2 body, which is beneficial to the aerodynamic balance of the blade facing the wind. And a frost detector 205 can be respectively arranged at the root section 20 and the middle section of the blade 2 body, so that the detection reliability is improved.
The embodiment of the invention also solves the problem of low accuracy of the ice coating detection of the existing wind driven generator. The existing icing detection method of the wind driven generator mainly comprises the following steps of double-wind-speed anemometry, wherein icing judgment is carried out by adopting a heated wind speed measuring instrument and an unheated wind speed measuring instrument, and icing is judged to occur when the difference of wind speeds measured by the two wind speed measuring instruments exceeds a certain limit. The video monitoring method is characterized in that a network camera is mounted on a wind turbine to monitor the blade icing condition. The method can provide effective icing information and monitor the surface of the blade in real time through video pictures. However, this method is intelligent in daytime monitoring, and is difficult to be absorbed by using infrared optical instruments at night, because sufficient visibility is required for visual monitoring. The method is based on monitoring methods such as optical reflection of an ice layer, impeller rotation aerodynamic noise, change of blade structure vibration frequency and the like caused by blade icing. However, when rime, sleet, and frost occur alternately or simultaneously, the above detection methods cannot measure and give correct judgment.
Wherein the rime is needle-shaped or snowflake-shaped thin ice; generally, the temperature is far lower than 0 ℃, and the size and the water content of water drops are small; the rime generally develops from a small point and drifts down with the wind along the windward side of the blade leading edge 2 q. Rime is large in water droplet size and high in water content, white ice accretion is formed in the windward side of the blade front edge 2q in a continuous cold environment. The rime is that liquid water impacts the surface of the blade, is not frozen instantly, but flows on the windward side of the blade, and is frozen later because the temperature of the windward side of the blade is lower than zero ℃. Precipitation icing occurs in rainy and snowy weather, and ice accretion is formed when raindrops fall on the windward side of the blades with the temperature lower than zero ℃. Frost is the accumulation of ice formed by water vapor condensing on the windward side of cold blades at low wind speeds.
Therefore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the present embodiment, the frost detector 205 includes: the heating module is connected with the power supply system 200 and the PLC 100 and is used for generating heat to melt the frost on the heating module into water flow; and the detection module is connected with the PLC 100 and is used for detecting whether the blades 2 are iced or not through water flow on the heating module. Through implementing this embodiment, under weather such as soft rime, soft rime or sleet, by PLC controller 100 control heating module production of heat, if it has the frost to cover on the heating module, so the produced heat of heating module makes the frost melt into rivers to detection module detects through the rivers that melt the condition of icing appears in blade 2, utilizes two simple and reliable data of temperature signal, the rivers signal of gathering to jointly judge, has guaranteed to prevent that the icing blade from at the normal operating of frost weather, can accurately detect whether icing of blade, improves the rate of accuracy.
In one embodiment, the heating module is a electrocaloric film substrate 2052, the detection module comprises a temperature sensor 2051 and a water probe 2056, and the temperature sensor 2051 and the water probe 2056 are both mounted on the electrocaloric film substrate 2052, wherein a probe of the temperature sensor 2051 is raised above a plane of the electrocaloric film substrate 2052. Specifically, the probe of the temperature sensor 2051 is 15cm higher than the electrothermal film substrate 2052, so that the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 2051 is not interfered by the heat of the electrothermal film substrate 2052, and the measured temperature is the temperature of air convection on the surface of the blade 2. In addition, a temperature sensor signal line 2055 of the temperature sensor 2051 and a water probe signal line 2057 of the water probe 2056 are led out from the back surface of the electrocaloric film substrate 2052 to be connected to the PLC controller 100.
The electric heating film substrate 2052 is made by compounding the electric heating film on an epoxy resin plate. The electric heating film is the electric heating film in the embodiment. The water probe 2056 is made of stainless steel containing molybdenum, for example, sus316 grade stainless steel may be used. The water probe 2056 is excellent in corrosion resistance, atmospheric corrosion resistance, and high-temperature strength due to the addition of molybdenum, and can be used under severe conditions.
In one embodiment, the frost detector 205 further includes a current collecting structure mounted on the electrocaloric film substrate 2052 for collecting melted water current. One end of the flow gathering structure is a wide end, the other end of the flow gathering structure is a narrow end, the wide end faces the windward side of the blade 2, and the narrow end faces away from the windward side of the blade 2. When wind wheel of wind driven generator is rotatory, the air current is followed along with the wind wheel direction of rotation gather the wide end entering of class structure, follow gather the narrow end of class structure and flow out, utilize the flow direction of air current with the rivers orientation follow that rime, rime melt become gather the wide end of class structure and stay, the narrow end flows out to improve the reliability and the accuracy of detection. The flow-gathering structure can be any structure formed by one end being a wide end and the other end being a narrow end, such as a trapezoidal structure and a triangular structure.
In specific implementation, the flow concentrating structure comprises a tapered groove type water collecting cover plate 2053, the tapered groove type water collecting cover plate 2053 covers the electric heating film substrate 2052 to form a water collecting cavity 2058, the wide end of the water collecting cavity 2058 faces the windward side of the blade 2, a collecting pipe 2054 is arranged at the narrow end of the water collecting cavity 2058, the water probe 2056 is installed on the electric heating film substrate 2052 and is located in the water collecting cavity 2058, and the temperature sensor 2051 is installed on the electric heating film substrate 2052 and is located outside the water collecting cavity 2058.
The tapered groove type water collecting cover plate 2053 is composed of a groove plate 2064M and bent edges 2054L which are symmetrical on two sides of the groove plate. The shape of the electric heating film substrate 2052 is adapted to that of the tapered groove type water collecting cover plate 2053, and the bent edges 2054L which are symmetrical on two sides of the groove plate of the tapered groove type water collecting cover plate 2053 are combined with the tapered area of the electric heating film substrate 2052 to form a water collecting cavity 2058. The water probes 2056 are arranged in the water collecting cavity 2058 and located at the notches of the conical areas of the electric heating film substrate 2052, and molten water flows to the notches of the conical areas, namely the water collecting outlets 2054a of the collecting pipes 2054, so that the accuracy of detection of the water probes 2056 can be improved. In addition, outside the water collecting cavity 2058, the electrothermal film substrate 2052 extends outwards to mount the temperature sensor 2051, and a probe of the temperature sensor 2051 is higher than the electrothermal film substrate 2052 by a certain height, so as to ensure that the measured temperature is not interfered by the heating of the electrothermal film substrate 2052. Catchment chamber 2058's wide end orientation blade leading edge 2q, pressure manifold 2054 orientation blade trailing edge 2h, because blade leading edge 2q is the windward side, and the air current is followed catchment chamber 2058's wide end gets into, and the rivers orientation that the flow direction of air current will make up with soft rime, soft rime melt is followed catchment chamber 2058's wide end flows in, follows pressure manifold 2054 flows to improve the accuracy and the reliability that detect.
Further, outside the water collecting cavity 2058, two sides of the electric heating film substrate 2052 are provided with symmetrical flanges 2052L. This bilateral symmetry crimp 2052L can retrain the flow direction of rime, precipitation under the wind pressure effect that the windward carried, makes rime, precipitation retrained the flow direction chamber 2058 that catchments to improve the rate of accuracy that detects.
The working principle of the present embodiment is further explained as follows: under the condition of the weather that ice and snow easily appear in winter and spring, the PLC controller 100 sends out a PLC instruction to enable the ice and snow detector 205 to start monitoring. When the temperature sensor 2051 acquires that the temperature is zero ℃, a PLC instruction is sent to start the electrothermal film substrate 2052. The surface of the electric heating film substrate 2052 is kept higher than zero by the heat generated by the electric heating film substrate 2052, so that once the rime, rime and rime fall on the electric heating film substrate 2052, the rime, rime and rime melt into water flow, the water flow enters the water collecting cavity 2058, namely the resistance signal detected by the water probe 2056 is converted from the air resistance state into the water flow state, and the icing of the blade 2 is determined. At the moment, a PLC instruction is sent to start the electric heating film 204 covering the blade shell 203, and the electric heating film 204 generates heat to enable the temperature of the windward surface of the blade 2 to be higher than zero, so that the blade cannot be iced even in the rime, rime weather or environment air high humidity state.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an anti-icing blade, which is characterized in that whether the blade is iced is detected through an icing detector 205, and if the blade is iced, an electric heating film 204 is started to melt the ice on the blade, so that the blade can not be iced in various icing climates, the normal operation of a wind driven generator is ensured, and the power generation efficiency and the reliability are improved.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an anti-icing wind turbine, which includes a fairing 1, an anti-icing blade 2, a rotating hub 3, a rotating conductor 4, a gear speed increaser 5, a generator 6, a fuselage cover 7, a tail fin 8, and a base tower 9. The utility model discloses a wind driven generator, including fairing 1, rotatory electric conduction ware 4, wind driven generator, PLC controller 100, fuselage dustcoat, empennage 8, empennage tower pole 9, the aerodynamic surface of aerogenerator blade front end, anti-icing blade 2 fixed mounting be in the radial of rotary hub 3, rotatory electric conduction ware 4 is installed on the fan shaft for realize electric heating film 204, frost detector 205 and connect and dodge arrester 201 and aerogenerator's electrical power generating system 200 and PLC controller 100 and be connected and switch on, rotary hub 3 passes through the fan shaft and connects gear speed increaser 5, gear speed increaser 5 includes low-speed axle and high-speed axle, low-speed axle with rotary hub 3 is connected, high-speed axle with the generator is connected, fuselage dustcoat 7 contains aerogenerator's key equipment, if the generator with gear speed increaser 5, fin 8 erects the outside of fuselage dustcoat 7, base.
The rotating conductor 4 is a conductive slip ring, and the conductive slip ring is a device for providing power and signal transmission for a device with a fixed position (namely, a power supply system and a controller) and a device with a rotating and changing position (an electrothermal film and a frost detector). In this embodiment, the conductive slip ring functions to transmit the electric power of the power supply system and the control signal of the controller to the electrothermal film and the frost detector. The power supply system and the controller are arranged in the machine body outer cover 7 and belong to devices with fixed positions, and the electric heating film and the frost detector are arranged on the blades 2 and rotate along with the blades 2 when the wind driven generator works and belong to devices with position rotation change. Therefore, the power supply system and the controller, and the electric heating film and the frost detector can realize power supply and signal transmission through the conductive slip ring, so that the electric heating film and the frost detector can be controlled.
In a specific implementation, the conductive slip ring can achieve a conductive function by adopting a metal wire friction conductive mode. Under the wet state of rime, rime weather or environment air, in order to further guarantee the reliability and the durability of the work of the rotary electric conduction device 4, the rotary electric conduction device 4 of this embodiment adopts the mode that graphite friction is electrically conductive. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of graphite are superior to those of general non-metals. The graphite has self-lubricating property, and the larger the graphite flake is, the smaller the friction coefficient is, and the better the lubricating property is. The graphite has good chemical stability at normal temperature, and can resist acid, alkali and organic solvent corrosion. Under normal temperature, the graphite can withstand the drastic change of temperature without damage, and when the temperature changes suddenly, the volume change of the graphite is not large, and cracks can not be generated. Compared with the existing conducting ring applied to the wind driven generator and adopting red copper and brass brushes, the conducting ring has better weather resistance and oxidation resistance and higher reliability. Especially, the rotating speed of the wind wheel of a large-scale wind driven generator is usually less than 30rmp, the rotating linear speed of the rotating conductor 4 is small, and the abrasion loss of graphite can be almost ignored. Therefore, the present embodiment can effectively improve the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of the rotary conductor 4, and improve the reliability and durability of the wind turbine.
According to the anti-icing wind driven generator disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, whether the blades are iced is detected through the ice detector 205, and if the blades are iced, the electric heating film 204 is started to melt the ice on the blades, so that the blades can not be iced in various ice and frost climates, the normal operation of the anti-icing wind driven generator is ensured, and the power generation efficiency and the reliability are improved.
Referring to fig. 19, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an anti-icing method for an anti-icing blade, where the anti-icing blade is the anti-icing blade described in the above embodiment, and the anti-icing method includes the following steps implemented by the controller:
and S110, receiving the temperature value collected by the frost detector.
And S120, judging whether the temperature value reaches a preset temperature threshold value.
S130, if the temperature value reaches a preset temperature threshold value, controlling the frost detector to start a heating function so that the frost on the frost detector is melted into water flow.
And S140, judging whether the water flow signal collected by the frost detector is received.
S150, if the water flow signal collected by the frost detector is received, the electric heating film is started to melt the frost on the blade.
In the present embodiment, the temperature value collected by the temperature sensor 2051 is first received, and the temperature value is the temperature of the air convection on the surface of the blade. And comparing the received temperature value with a preset temperature threshold, and if the received temperature value reaches the preset temperature threshold, indicating that the temperature in the air is very low at the moment and the blade possibly has the ice coating condition. Wherein the preset temperature threshold is zero ℃, it is understood that other temperatures, such as 1 ℃ and 2 ℃, are also possible. After the temperature value reaches a preset temperature threshold value, the frost detector 205 is controlled to be started, the electric heating film substrate 2052 generates heat to enable the surface of the electric heating film substrate 2052 to be higher than 0 ℃, and once frost covers the electric heating film substrate 2052, the frost is randomly melted into water flow. And receiving a water flow signal acquired by the water probe 2056, wherein the water flow signal is judged by a resistor, the air passing resistor is large, and the water passing resistor is small. If the collected water flow signal is received, it is indicated that the blade 2 is iced, so that the electric heating film 204 is started, the electric heating film 204 generates heat to enable the surface of the blade shell 203 to be higher than 0 ℃, and the blade 2 cannot be iced even in various ice and snow days.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an anti-icing control method for an anti-icing blade, which judges whether the blade is iced or not by collecting temperature values and water flow signals in a combined mode, if the blade is iced, an electric heating film 204 is started to generate heat to melt frost on the blade and ensure that the blade cannot be iced, the blade cannot be iced in various frost climates, the normal operation of a wind driven generator is ensured, and the power generation efficiency and the reliability are improved.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an anti-icing control system of the anti-icing blade, wherein the anti-icing blade is the anti-icing blade in the embodiment, and the anti-icing control system comprises: the electric heating film 204 is arranged on the anti-icing blade and is used for generating heat to melt the frost on the blade body; the frost detector 205 is arranged on the anti-icing blade and is used for detecting whether the blade body is iced; the power supply system 200 is used for supplying power to the electrothermal film 204 and the frost detector 205; the controller 100 is used for controlling the operation of the electrothermal film 204 and the frost detector 205; the rotary conductive device is used for transmitting power and signals; the power supply system 200 and the controller 100 are electrically connected with the electrothermal film 204 and the frost detector 205 through the rotary conductive device, so as to supply power and control to the electrothermal film 204 and the frost detector 205; the controller 100 performs the anti-icing control method according to the above embodiment when controlling the electrothermal film 204 and the frost detector 205.
The rotating conductor 4 is the rotating conductor 4 described in the above embodiments, and preferably adopts a graphite friction conduction manner. The transmission of electric energy and signals of the power supply system 200 and the controller 100 and the electrothermal film 204 and the frost detector 205 is realized through the rotary conductor 4.
The embodiment of the invention discloses an anti-icing control system of an anti-icing blade, which is characterized in that whether the blade 2 is iced or not is detected by controlling an ice detector 205, if the blade 2 is iced, an electric heating film 204 is started to melt the ice on the blade, so that the blade 2 can be ensured not to be iced in various ice-frost climates, the normal operation of a wind driven generator is ensured, and the power generation efficiency and reliability are improved.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (21)
1. The utility model provides an anti-icing blade, includes the blade body, the blade body includes root segment, middle section and tip section, the root segment is used for being connected with aerogenerator's commentaries on classics hub, the middle section is located the root segment with between the tip section, its characterized in that, anti-icing blade still includes:
the electric heating film is used for being connected with a power supply system and a controller of the wind driven generator through a rotary electric conductor, and the electric heating film is arranged on the outer surface of the blade body and used for generating heat to melt the frost on the blade body;
the frost detector is used for being connected with a power supply system and a controller of the wind driven generator through a rotary conductor, and the frost detector is mounted on the blade body and used for detecting whether the blade body is iced;
the power supply system is used for supplying power to the electric heating film and the frost detector, and the controller is used for controlling the frost detector and the electric heating film to work.
2. The anti-icing blade of claim 1, wherein said frost detector is mounted to a root section of said blade body and/or to a mid-section of said blade body.
3. The anti-icing blade of claim 1, wherein the electrothermal film covers the outer surfaces of the blade body at the middle section and the blade tip section.
4. The anti-icing blade according to claim 3, further comprising a lightning receptor mounted to a tip section of the blade body, the lightning receptor being grounded.
5. The anti-icing blade according to claim 4, wherein the lightning arrester is a cylindrical structure, one end of the cylindrical structure is open, the other end of the cylindrical structure is a blind end, one end of the cylindrical structure, which is open, is sleeved on the tail end of the blade tip section of the blade body, and the inner wall of the cylindrical structure is in contact with the electrothermal film.
6. The anti-icing blade of claim 5, wherein said lightning receptor is made of oxygen-free copper.
7. The anti-icing blade of claim 1, wherein the electrocaloric film comprises a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, and an infrared radiation generating layer disposed between the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer.
8. The anti-icing blade according to claim 7, wherein the first insulation layer and the second insulation layer are each any one of a polyethylene terephthalate layer, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer layer, a polybisallyldiglycol carbonate layer, a silicone rubber layer, and a polyimide resin layer.
9. The anti-icing blade according to claim 8, wherein the infrared radiation generation layer is made of any one of carbon black, micro-nano graphite powder, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube and graphene or a mixture of at least any two of the carbon black, the micro-nano graphite powder, the carbon nanofiber, the carbon nanotube and the graphene.
10. The anti-icing blade of claim 9, wherein said first insulating layer and said second insulating layer are sealed by an adhesive, and said infrared radiation generating layer is sandwiched and sealed by said first insulating layer and said second insulating layer.
11. The anti-icing blade according to claim 10, wherein the surface of the electric heating film is coated with an epoxy resin layer.
12. The anti-icing blade according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein said frost detector comprises:
the heating module is used for being connected with the power supply system and the controller and generating heat to melt the frost on the heating module into water flow;
the detection module is used for being connected with the controller so as to detect whether the blades are iced or not through water flow on the heating module.
13. The anti-icing blade of claim 12, wherein the heating module is an electrocaloric film substrate, the detection module comprises a temperature sensor and a water probe, both of which are mounted on the electrocaloric film substrate, wherein a probe of the temperature sensor is raised above a plane of the electrocaloric film substrate.
14. The anti-icing blade of claim 13, wherein said electrocaloric film substrate is made of said electrocaloric film laminated to an epoxy board.
15. The anti-icing blade of claim 13, wherein said water probe is made of stainless steel containing molybdenum.
16. The anti-icing blade of claim 13, wherein said frost detector further comprises a current collecting structure mounted on said electrocaloric film substrate for collecting a flow of melted water.
17. The anti-icing blade of claim 16, wherein the flow collecting structure comprises a tapered groove type water collecting cover plate, the tapered groove type water collecting cover plate covers the electric heating film substrate to form a water collecting cavity, a wide end of the water collecting cavity faces the windward side of the blade, a collecting pipe is arranged at a narrow end of the water collecting cavity, the water probe is mounted on the electric heating film substrate and located in the water collecting cavity, and the temperature sensor is mounted on the electric heating film substrate and located outside the water collecting cavity.
18. The anti-icing blade of claim 17, wherein symmetrical bent edges are arranged on two sides of the electric heating film substrate outside the water collecting cavity.
19. An anti-icing wind turbine comprising anti-icing blades mounted on a rotating hub of the anti-icing wind turbine, the anti-icing blades being as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18.
20. An anti-icing control method for an anti-icing blade, characterized in that the anti-icing blade is the anti-icing blade of any one of claims 1 to 18, the anti-icing control method comprising the following steps implemented by the controller:
receiving the temperature value collected by the frost detector;
judging whether the temperature value reaches a preset temperature threshold value or not;
if the temperature value reaches a preset temperature threshold value, controlling the frost detector to start a heating function so that frost on the frost detector is melted into water flow;
judging whether a water flow signal collected by the frost detector is received or not;
and if a water flow signal acquired by the frost detector is received, starting the electric heating film to melt the frost on the blade.
21. An anti-icing control system for an anti-icing blade, characterized in that the anti-icing blade is an anti-icing blade according to any one of claims 1 to 18, the anti-icing control system comprising:
the electric heating film is arranged on the anti-icing blade and is used for generating heat to melt the frost on the blade body;
the frost detector is arranged on the anti-icing blade and used for detecting whether the blade body is iced or not;
the power supply system is used for supplying power to the electric heating film and the frost detector;
the controller is used for controlling the electric heating film and the frost detector to work;
the rotary conductive device is used for transmitting power and signals;
the power supply system and the controller are electrically connected with the electric heating film and the frost detector through the rotary conductive device so as to realize power supply and control of the electric heating film and the frost detector; the controller performs the anti-icing control method of claim 20 when controlling the electrothermal film and the frost detector.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911212850.7A CN110725776A (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Anti-icing blade, control method and system thereof and anti-icing wind driven generator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911212850.7A CN110725776A (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Anti-icing blade, control method and system thereof and anti-icing wind driven generator |
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| CN110725776A true CN110725776A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201911212850.7A Withdrawn CN110725776A (en) | 2019-12-02 | 2019-12-02 | Anti-icing blade, control method and system thereof and anti-icing wind driven generator |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111441920A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-24 | 三一重能有限公司 | Wind generating set blade defroster and wind generating set |
| CN113803224A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-17 | 武汉伊莱维特电力科技有限公司 | Anti-icing monitoring sensor based on wind power plant fan |
-
2019
- 2019-12-02 CN CN201911212850.7A patent/CN110725776A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111441920A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-07-24 | 三一重能有限公司 | Wind generating set blade defroster and wind generating set |
| CN111441920B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2021-10-29 | 三一重能有限公司 | Wind generating set blade defroster and wind generating set |
| CN113803224A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-17 | 武汉伊莱维特电力科技有限公司 | Anti-icing monitoring sensor based on wind power plant fan |
| CN113803224B (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-03-25 | 武汉伊莱维特电力科技有限公司 | Anti-icing monitoring sensor based on wind power plant fan |
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Application publication date: 20200124 |