CN110720009A - 用于再填充加压气体储罐的站和方法 - Google Patents

用于再填充加压气体储罐的站和方法 Download PDF

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CN110720009A
CN110720009A CN201880035740.5A CN201880035740A CN110720009A CN 110720009 A CN110720009 A CN 110720009A CN 201880035740 A CN201880035740 A CN 201880035740A CN 110720009 A CN110720009 A CN 110720009A
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fluid
vaporizer
heat exchanger
gas
filling
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CN110720009B (zh
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索塞尼·格朗让
蒂埃里·奥特
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George Lode Methodology Research And Development Liquefied Air Co Ltd
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George Lode Methodology Research And Development Liquefied Air Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/002—Automated filling apparatus
    • F17C5/007—Automated filling apparatus for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04—Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/036—Very high pressure, i.e. above 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/043—Methods for emptying or filling by pressure cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/01—Intermediate tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
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    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
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    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
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    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

一种对一个或多个储罐填充加压气体、特别是氢气的站和方法，该站包括液化流体储存器(1)、填充管线(2)，该填充管线包括连接到该液化气体储存器(1)的上游端和旨在连接到要填充的储罐(6)的下游端，该填充管线(2)包括串联布置的汽化器(3)、主压缩机(4)和热交换器(5)，该热交换器用于在压缩流体被输送到要填充的储罐(6)中之前冷却该主压缩机(4)下游压缩流体，该站的特征在于该站包括冷却回路(7，8)，该冷却回路包括输送管线(7)，该输送管线具有连接到该汽化器(3)的出口的上游端和连接到该热交换器(5)的下游端，该输送管线(7)被配置为将离开该汽化器(3)的流体输送到该热交换器(5)中并在此汽化流体和被输送到要填充的储罐(6)中的压缩气体之间执行热交换。

Description

用于再填充加压气体储罐的站和方法
本发明涉及用于填充一个或多个储罐的站和方法。
更具体地，本发明涉及用于向一个或多个储罐填充加压气体(特别是氢气)的站，该站包括液化流体储存器、填充管线，该填充管线包括连接到液化流体储存器的上游端和旨在连接到要填充的储罐的下游端，该填充管线包括串联布置的汽化器、主压缩机和热交换器，该热交换器用于在压缩流体被输送到要填充的储罐之前冷却主压缩机下游的压缩流体。
对储罐填充高压气体(特别是氢气)可以从被汽化的液化气体开始进行。参见例如WO 02/064395 A2。
然而，已知的解决方案不令人满意，因为要么它们不允许通过预冷却快速填充气体，要么它们不能优化站的效率(优化能量或气体)。
本发明的目的是减轻现有技术的上述缺点中的全部或一些缺点。
为此，根据本发明此外根据以上前序部分中给出的一般定义的站的实质性特征在于，该站包括冷却回路，该冷却回路包括输送管线，该输送管线具有连接到汽化器的出口的上游端和连接到热交换器的下游端，该输送管线被配置为将离开汽化器的流体输送到热交换器中并在此汽化流体与被输送到要填充的储罐中的压缩气体之间进行热交换。
而且，本发明的实施例可以包括以下特征中到一个或多个特征：
-冷却回路包括回收管线，该回收管线包括连接到热交换器的上游端和连接到填充管线的下游端，以用于将已经与压缩气体进行热交换的流体重新注入到填充管线中，
-回收管线的下游端连接到汽化器上游的填充管线，
-该站包括至少一个缓冲储存器，该至少一个缓冲储存器连接到主压缩机下游和热交换器上游的填充管线，
-该站包括并联连接到主压缩机下游和热交换器上游的填充管线的两个缓冲储存器，
-该站包括辅助压缩机，该辅助压缩机具有连接到第一缓冲储存器的吸入口和连接到第二缓冲储存器的出口，以允许气体从第一缓冲储存器输送和压缩到第二缓冲储存器。
本发明还涉及一种通过根据以上或以下任一个上述特征的站对一个或多个储罐填充加压气体、特别是氢气的方法，其中，在汽化器中将液化流体加热到-250℃至0℃之间、优选地-180℃至-90℃之间、特别是-150℃至-100℃之间的温度。
根据其他可能的特定特征：
-在主压缩机的入口处，要压缩的流体的温度在-250℃至0℃之间、优选地在-180℃至-90℃之间，压力在2至20巴之间、优选地在8至12巴之间，
-该方法包括将由汽化器汽化的流体输送到热交换器中以通过与所述相对冷的汽化流体进行热交换而冷却输送到要填充的储罐的相对热的压缩气体的步骤，
-该方法包括将已在热交换器中与压缩气体进行热交换的汽化流体重新注入到填充管线中的步骤，
-在热交换器中已经与压缩气体进行热交换的汽化流体被重新注入汽化器的上游，
-在主压缩机的出口处，气体的压力在200至700巴之间、优选地在400至600巴之间，
-该方法包括将由主压缩机压缩的流体输送到第一缓冲储存器(9)中的步骤，
-该方法包括在汽化器中加热从储存器的气体顶部空间获取的气体的步骤和压缩此被加热的气体的步骤。
本发明还可以涉及包括以上或以下特征的任何组合的任何替代装置或方法。
从阅读以下参考单个图给出的描述中，其他特定的特征和优点将变得显而易见，该图描绘了根据本发明的站的结构和操作的一个示例的示意性和局部视图。
在该单个图中展示的用于用压缩气体填充一个或多个储罐的站包括液化流体储存器1(例如液氢的低温储罐)。
该站包括填充管线2，该填充管线包括连接到液化流体储存器1的上游端和旨在连接到要(例如经由至少一根软管)填充的储罐6的至少一个下游端。
填充管线2包括串联布置的汽化器3、主压缩机4和热交换器5。
该站还包括冷却回路7、8，该冷却回路包括输送管线7，该输送管线具有连接到汽化器3的出口的上游端和连接到热交换器5的下游端。此输送管线7被配置为将离开汽化器3的流体输送到热交换器5中，并在此相对冷的汽化流体与相对热的压缩气体之间实现热交换(优选地为间接热交换)，相对热的压缩气体被输送到要填充的储罐6中。
例如，该站包括优选地受控制的(多个)阀的系统以控制冷却管线7中的冷的冷却流体的流量。例如，输送管线7作为旁路连接到填充管线2。可以设置一个或多个阀(二通阀或三通阀)，以在输送管线7与压缩机4的入口之间分配流体流。例如，这些阀可以通过包括微处理器的电子控制件进行控制。此控制例如可以从属于输送到储罐6中的气体的温度设定点。
冷却回路7、8优选地还包括回收管线8，该回收管线具有连接到热交换器5的上游端和连接到填充管线2的下游端。这使得可以将已与压缩气体进行热交换的相对冷的流体重新注入到填充管线2中。
如所示出的，回收管线8的下游端可以连接到汽化器3上游的填充管线2。
还如所展示的，该站可以包括至少一个缓冲储存器9、10，该至少一个缓冲储存器连接到主压缩机4下游和热交换器5上游的填充管线2。例如，两个(或更多个)缓冲储存器9、10并联连接到主压缩机4下游和热交换器5上游的填充管线2。
这些缓冲储存器9、10可以储存由主压缩机4压缩的气体。
该站可以包括附加辅助压缩机11，该附加辅助压缩机具有连接到第一缓冲储存器9的吸入口和连接到第二缓冲储存器10的出口，以允许气体从第一缓冲储存器输送和压缩到第二缓冲储存器10。
辅助压缩机11可以是高压压缩机，即被配置为以比主压缩机4更高的压力压缩气体的压缩机。
缓冲储存器9、10可以用于将气体输送到要通过压力均衡(特别是级联)进行填充的储罐6中。此外，这些缓冲储罐9、10中的至少一个在适当情况下可以用于用作压缩机11的气体源，以用于填充储罐6的目的。
因此，液氢可以通过汽化器3(比如，例如大气压加热器)汽化以达到低于-100℃的温度，例如大约-150℃。
这种相对冷的氢气(例如处于大约10巴的压力)可以在形式上可以在主压缩机4中被压缩处于中等压力(例如100至600巴之间)。
在主压缩机4的入口处，要压缩的流体的温度例如在-250℃至0℃之间，优选地在-180℃至-90℃之间，特别是在-150℃和-100℃之间。此流体的压力例如在2至20巴之间，优选地在8至12巴之间。
此中等压力氢气可以以中等压力被输送到缓冲储存器9中和/或经由辅助压缩机11被压缩处于高压5。此高压气体(例如700至1100巴)可以被储存在高压缓冲储存器10中。
为了冷却(例如，来自缓冲储存器9、10在环境温度下)相对热的压缩气体，在填充储罐6之前，可以因此将汽化器/加热器3的出口处的冷氢气的一部分带入冷却交换器5。
已经产生了千卡并在交换器5中加热的此冷氢气可以经由汽化器3上游的回收管线8被重新注入，以便与来自液体储存器1的冷氢气混合。
这有助于在液体进入汽化器/大气加热器3之前对其进行加热。
应该注意，液体储存器1的气体顶部空间中的氢气可以(例如，经由填充管线2或未示出的另一专用管线)在冷压缩机3中被压缩之前在汽化器/大气加热器3中被加热时被使用。
因此，虽然结构简单且廉价，但是该站允许有效地回收液氢储罐的全部或部分损失。此外，液氢的千卡有利地用于就在填充储罐6之前冷却气体。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于对一个或多个储罐填充加压气体、特别是氢气的站，包括液化流体储存器(1)、填充管线(2)，该填充管线包括连接到该液化流体储存器(1)的上游端和旨在连接到要填充的储罐(6)的下游端，该填充管线(2)包括串联布置的汽化器(3)、主压缩机(4)和热交换器(5)，该热交换器用于在压缩流体被输送到要填充的储罐(6)中之前冷却该主压缩机(4)下游的压缩流体，该站包括冷却回路(7，8)，该冷却回路包括输送管线(7)，该输送管线具有连接到该汽化器(3)的出口的上游端和连接到该热交换器(5)的下游端，该输送管线(7)被配置为将离开该汽化器(3)的流体输送到该热交换器(5)中并在此汽化流体与被输送到要填充的该储罐(6)中的压缩气体之间进行热交换，其特征在于该冷却回路(7，8)包括回收管线(8)，该回收管线包括连接到该热交换器(5)的上游端和连接到该填充管线(2)的下游端，以用于将已经与该压缩气体进行热交换的流体重新注入到该填充管线(2)中。
2.如权利要求1所述的站，其特征在于，该回收管线(8)的下游端连接到该汽化器(3)上游的填充管线(2)。
3.如权利要求1和2之一所述的站，其特征在于，该站包括至少一个缓冲储存器(9、10)，该至少一个缓冲储存器连接到该主压缩机(4)下游和该热交换器(5)上游的填充管线(2)。
4.如权利要求3所述的站，其特征在于，该站包括并联连接到该主压缩机(4)下游和该热交换器(5)上游的填充管线(2)的两个缓冲储存器(9、10)。
5.如权利要求4所述的站，其特征在于，该站包括辅助压缩机(11)，该辅助压缩机具有连接到第一缓冲储存器(9)的吸入口和连接到该第二缓冲储存器(10)的出口，以允许气体从该第一缓冲储存器(9)输送和压缩到该第二缓冲储存器(10)。
6.一种通过如前述权利要求中任一项所述的站对一个或多个储罐填充加压气体、特别是氢气的方法，其中，在该汽化器(3)中将液化流体加热到-250℃至0℃之间、优选地-180℃至-90℃之间、特别是-150℃至-100℃之间的温度，该方法包括将由该汽化器(3)汽化的流体输送到该热交换器(5)中以通过与所述相对冷的汽化流体进行热交换而冷却输送到要填充的该储罐(6)的相对热的压缩气体的步骤，该方法包括将已在该热交换器(5)中与该压缩气体进行热交换的汽化流体重新注入到该填充管线(2)中的步骤。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，在该主压缩机(4)的入口处，要压缩的流体的温度在-250℃至0℃之间、优选在-180℃至-90℃之间，并且压力在2至20巴之间、优选地在8至12巴之间。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，在该热交换器(5)中已经与该压缩气体进行热交换的汽化流体被重新注入该汽化器(3)的上游。
9.如权利要求6至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在该主压缩机(4)的出口处，该气体的压力在200至700巴之间、优选地在400至600巴之间。
10.如权利要求6至9中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括将由该主压缩机(4)压缩的流体输送到第一缓冲储存器(9)中的步骤。
11.如权利要求6至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括在该汽化器(3)中加热从该储存器(1)的气体顶部空间获取的气体的步骤和压缩此被加热的气体的步骤。
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FR3067092B1 (fr) 2020-08-14
US20210131611A1 (en) 2021-05-06
EP3631280B1 (fr) 2021-03-31
CN110720009B (zh) 2022-07-26
JP2020521921A (ja) 2020-07-27
US11339925B2 (en) 2022-05-24
EP3631280A1 (fr) 2020-04-08
KR20200015907A (ko) 2020-02-13
WO2018220303A1 (fr) 2018-12-06

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