CN110717230A - Method for determining assembling amount of web type cylindrical part - Google Patents
Method for determining assembling amount of web type cylindrical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN110717230A CN110717230A CN201911016326.2A CN201911016326A CN110717230A CN 110717230 A CN110717230 A CN 110717230A CN 201911016326 A CN201911016326 A CN 201911016326A CN 110717230 A CN110717230 A CN 110717230A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the assembling amount of a web plate type cylindrical part, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the outer circle diameter of the outer cylinder, the outer circle diameter of the inner cylinder, the thickness of a web plate and the joint length of the shaft and the inner cylinder; determining the minimum bonding pressure according to the outer circle diameter of the outer cylinder, the outer circle diameter of the inner cylinder, the matching surface diameter of the shaft and the inner cylinder, the thickness of the web plate and the joint length of the shaft and the inner cylinder; obtaining a minimum loading amount by a minimum binding pressure; determining a maximum binding pressure; obtaining a maximum loading amount by a maximum binding pressure; the minimum loading amount and the maximum loading amount are averaged to obtain the basic loading amount. The invention provides a method for determining the assembling amount of a web-type cylindrical part by combining the segmentation idea of a finite element on the basis of a classical elastic mechanics calculation method, and the precision and the reliability of the method can be verified to be higher through finite element calculation and press mounting and anti-theft test.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of rail transport and, more particularly, to a method of determining the loading of web-type cylindrical parts.
Background
The web structure cylinder is a common part form in the mechanical industry, and for example, locomotive traction gears, locomotive wheels and the like are web structure cylinders. At present, the method for determining the assembling quantity of the cylinder is only suitable for design calculation of a standard cylinder, the assembling quantity of the web type cylinder is calculated mostly through empirical calculation or a finite element method, the deviation is large, and the efficiency is low.
The existing calculation formula of the loading amount is only suitable for the design calculation of a standard cylinder, and when the calculation formula is used for calculating a web plate structure part, the calculation result is small and the assembly requirement cannot be met. At present, no special calculation method for assembling amount of the web type cylinder exists. The empirical extrapolation algorithm has a large calculation deviation due to randomness.
Therefore, there is still a need for a method specifically for determining the amount of assembly of web structure cylinders that can accurately calculate the amount of assembly of web structure cylinders.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for determining the assembling amount of a web type cylindrical part. The invention provides a method for determining the assembling amount of a web-type cylindrical part by combining the segmentation idea of a finite element on the basis of a classical elastic mechanics calculation method, and the precision and the reliability of the method can be verified to be higher through finite element calculation and press mounting and anti-theft test.
Based on the purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
according to the invention, a method for determining the assembly quantity of a web-type cylindrical part is provided, the web-type cylindrical part is in interference fit with a shaft, the web-type cylindrical part comprises an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a web plate for connecting the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder are concentrically arranged, the inner cylinder is annular, and the shaft is inserted into the inner cylinder in interference fit, the method comprises the following steps:
obtaining the outer circle diameter d of the outer cylindera1Outer diameter d of inner cylindera2Diameter d of the fitting surface of the shaft and the inner cylinderfWeb thickness Lf1And a shaft to inner cylinder engagement length L;
outer circle diameter d according to the outer cylindera1Outer diameter d of inner cylindera2Diameter d of the fitting surface of the shaft and the inner cylinderfWeb thickness Lf1And the length L of the shaft to inner cylinder joint determines the minimum bonding pressure Pfmin；
By a minimum combined pressure PfminObtaining a minimum loading deltaemin；
Determining the maximum binding pressure Pfmax；
By maximum combined pressure PfmaxObtaining a maximum loading deltae max；
Taking the minimum loading deltaeminAnd maximum loading amount deltae maxHas an average value of the basic loading δ b.
Further, the outer diameter d according to the outer cylindera1Outer diameter d of inner cylindera2Determining a first reference coefficient Ca1And a second reference coefficient Ca2The general calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, vaIs the Poisson ratio of the web-type cylindrical part, daIs the outer diameter d of the outer cylindera1Or the outer diameter d of the inner cylindera2，CaIs the first reference coefficient Ca1Or a second reference coefficient Ca2。
Further, the first engagement length Lf2The length L of the joint between the shaft and the inner cylinder and the thickness L of the webf1The difference of (a).
Further, according to the first reference coefficient Ca1A second reference coefficient Ca2Web thickness Lf1And a first engagement length Lf2Determining the actual joint length L', wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
further, a minimum bonding pressure P is determined based on the actual bond length LfminThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F is the transmission axial force, T is the transmission torque, K is the safety coefficient and generally takes a value of 1.2-1.3, mu is the friction coefficient, dfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder.
Further, a first reference coefficient C is takena1And a second reference coefficient Ca2With corresponding minimum combined pressure PfminThe minimum value of the obtained loading amount is the final minimum loading amount deltaemin。
Reference coefficient of axis CiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, diIs the inner bore diameter of the shaft, viIs the poisson's ratio of the shaft.
Further, the maximum bonding pressure P of the shaft is obtainedfimaxThrough the outer diameter d of the inner cylindera2Determining the maximum bonding pressure P of the partfamaxMaximum combined pressure P of the shaftfimaxAnd the maximum bonding pressure P of the partsfamaxMinimum value of (1) is the maximum bonding pressure Pfmax。
Further, the maximum combined pressure P of the shaftfimaxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, diIs the inner bore diameter of the shaft, σsiYield strength of the shaft.
Further, the maximum bonding pressure P of the partsfamaxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, da2Is the outer diameter of the inner cylinder, σsaYield strength of the part.
Further, by the maximum bonding pressure PfmaxObtaining a maximum loading deltae maxThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, Ca2Is the second reference coefficient, EaModulus of elasticity for web-type cylindrical parts, EiIs the modulus of elasticity of the shaft, CiIs the reference coefficient of the axis.
The assembly tolerance band according to the invention is determined:
according to
Calculating the basic charge amount based on the basic charge amount deltab and the diameter d of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinderfAnd determining the basic assembly deviation and the assembly tolerance band by selecting a base hole system.
According to the invention, a method for checking the loading amount of the web-type cylindrical part determined by the method comprises a finite element checking method and a pressing and anti-skimming checking method.
1) Checking the loading quantity by a finite element method:
and respectively solving the stress of the wheel shaft at the minimum loading amount and the maximum loading amount by a finite element method. The minimum contact stress value at the minimum assembling quantity is larger than the minimum bonding pressure required by the transmission torque, and the fact that the contact stress of the workpiece can effectively transmit the torque at the minimum assembling quantity is verified.
And calculating the equivalent stress and the contact stress at the maximum loading amount, wherein the maximum equivalent stress is less than the allowable stress of the assembly parts, and the maximum contact stress is less than the maximum allowable bonding strength of the assembly parts, and verifying that the material of the workpiece does not deform plastically at the maximum loading amount of the workpiece.
2) Press fitting and anti-theft checking of the fitting amount:
during oil injection press fitting, the assembly is measured according to steep rise, concave depression and pressure of an assembly curve, the pressure curve with qualified quality is that the pressure gradually rises along with the increase of the press-in distance, the pressure gradually falls along with the increase of the press-in distance after the workpiece reaches the oil injection hole, and the press-in force is minimum and is not more than 196kN when the press-in is terminated.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for determining the assembly amount of a web type cylindrical part by combining a finite element segmentation idea on the basis of a classical elastic mechanics calculation method, the diameter of an outer circle is divided into two parts according to the structural characteristics of the web type cylindrical part, the calculation method of the actual joint length is improved, the minimum assembly amount and the maximum assembly amount are calculated according to an improved algorithm, and the final assembly amount tolerance is determined. The invention improves the calculation precision and the calculation efficiency of the assembling amount of the web type cylindrical part and determines the inspection method of the assembling amount of the web type cylindrical part.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some implementation examples of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a web-type cylindrical part of an embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1-wheel, 2-web and 3-hub.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The web structure cylinder is a common part form in the mechanical industry, and for example, locomotive traction gears, locomotive wheels and the like are web structure cylinders. In the embodiment, a web-type cylindrical part is described by taking a locomotive wheel as an example, the locomotive wheel is in interference fit with an axle, as shown in fig. 1, the locomotive wheel comprises a hub 3, a wheel 1 and a web 2 connecting the hub and the wheel, and the axle is inserted into the hub 3 in the interference fit manner.
The method for determining the assembling quantity of the locomotive wheels comprises the following steps:
obtaining the diameter d of the outer circle of the wheela1Outer diameter d of huba2Web thickness Lf1And an axle-to-hub engagement length L (shown in fig. 1); wherein the axle-to-hub engagement length L is the length of the cross-section of the axle-to-hub engagement shown in fig. 1 when the locomotive wheel is in interference fit with the axle.
According to the diameter d of the outer circle of the wheela1Outer diameter d of huba2Web thickness Lf1And the length L of the joint of the axle and the hub determines the minimum bonding pressure Pfmin；
By a minimum combined pressure PfminObtaining a minimum loading deltaemin；
Through the diameter d of the outer circle of the huba2Determining the maximum binding pressure Pfmax；
By maximum combined pressure PfmaxObtaining a maximum loading deltae max；
Taking the minimum loading deltaeminAnd maximum loading amount deltae maxHas an average value of the basic loading δ b.
According to the diameter d of the outer circle of the wheela1Outer diameter d of huba2Determining a first reference coefficient Ca1And a second reference coefficient Ca2The general calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the matching surface between the axle and the hub, vaIs a web-type cylindrical partPoisson's ratio of (d)aIs the diameter d of the outer circle of the wheela1Or the diameter d of the outer circle of the huba2，CaIs the first reference coefficient Ca1Or a second reference coefficient Ca2。
First joint length Lf2The joint length L of the axle and the hub and the thickness L of the web platef1A difference of (i.e. L)f2Axle coupling length (L) -web thickness (L)f1)。
According to a first reference coefficient Ca1A second reference coefficient Ca2Web thickness Lf1And a first engagement length Lf2Determining the actual joint length L', wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
determining the minimum bonding pressure P according to the actual bonding length LfminThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F is the transmission axial force, T is the transmission torque, K is the safety coefficient and generally takes a value of 1.2-1.3, mu is the friction coefficient, dfIs the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub.
In this embodiment, the minimum engagement pressure is the minimum pressure at which relative rotation does not occur after the axle and the hub are in interference fit.
Obtaining a minimum loading deltaemin：
The minimum bonding pressure P obtained by the abovefminAnd a first reference coefficient Ca1Obtaining a minimum loading deltaemin 1The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, EaIs the modulus of elasticity of a locomotive wheel, EiElastic die for vehicle axleAmount, CiIs a reference coefficient of the axle.
When the second reference coefficient C is adopteda2Obtaining a minimum loading deltaemin 2The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, EaIs the modulus of elasticity of a locomotive wheel, EiIs the modulus of elasticity, C, of the axleiIs a reference coefficient for the axle of the vehicle,
Pfminthe minimum bonding pressure obtained above.
Take deltaemin 1And deltaemin 2The minimum value in (d) is the final minimum loading amount deltaemin。
Reference coefficient C of axleiThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, diIs the inner bore diameter of the shaft, viIs the poisson's ratio of the shaft. When the axle is a solid shaft, diIs zero.
Obtaining the maximum bonding pressure P of the axlefimaxThrough the diameter d of the outer circle of the huba2Determining maximum bonding pressure P of locomotive wheelsfamaxMaximum combined axle pressure PfimaxMaximum combined pressure P with locomotive wheelfamaxMinimum value of (1) is the maximum bonding pressure Pfmax。
In this embodiment, the maximum bonding pressure is the maximum pressure that can be borne by the wheel and the axle without plastic deformation after the axle is in interference fit with the hub.
Maximum combined pressure P of axlefimaxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, diIs the inner bore diameter, σ, of the axlesiYield strength of the axle.
Maximum bonding pressure P of locomotive wheelfamaxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, da2Is the diameter of the outer circle of the hub, sigmasaYield strength of locomotive wheels.
By maximum combined pressure PfmaxObtaining a maximum loading deltae maxThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, Ca2Is the second reference coefficient, EaIs the modulus of elasticity of a locomotive wheel, EiIs the modulus of elasticity, C, of the axleiIs a reference coefficient of the axle.
The assembly tolerance band according to the invention is determined:
according toCalculating the basic loading quantity according to the basic loading quantity delta b and the diameter d of the matching surface of the axle and the hubfAnd determining the basic assembly deviation and the assembly tolerance band by selecting a base hole system.
Checking the loading quantity by a finite element method:
and respectively solving the stress of the wheel shaft at the minimum loading amount and the maximum loading amount by a finite element method in the prior art. The minimum contact stress value at the minimum assembling quantity is larger than the minimum bonding pressure required by the transmission torque, and the fact that the contact stress of the workpiece can effectively transmit the torque at the minimum assembling quantity is verified.
And calculating the equivalent stress and the contact stress at the maximum loading amount, wherein the maximum equivalent stress is less than the allowable stress of the assembly parts, and the maximum contact stress is less than the maximum allowable bonding strength of the assembly parts, and verifying that the material of the workpiece does not deform plastically at the maximum loading amount of the workpiece.
Press fitting and anti-theft checking of the fitting amount:
during oil injection press fitting, the assembly is measured according to steep rise, concave depression and pressure of an assembly curve, the pressure curve with qualified quality is that the pressure gradually rises along with the increase of the press-in distance, the pressure gradually falls along with the increase of the press-in distance after the workpiece reaches the oil injection hole, and the press-in force is minimum and is not more than 196kN when the press-in is terminated.
The foregoing is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, but it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, although elements of the disclosed embodiments of the invention may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.
It should be understood that, as used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly supports the exception. It should also be understood that "and/or" as used herein is meant to include any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The numbers of the embodiments disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are merely for description, and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, of embodiments of the invention is limited to these examples; within the idea of an embodiment of the invention, also technical features in the above embodiment or in different embodiments may be combined and there are many other variations of the different aspects of an embodiment of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, substitutions, improvements, and the like that may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of determining the amount of loading of a web-type cylindrical part which is in interference fit with a shaft, said web-type cylindrical part comprising an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a web connecting the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, said inner cylinder and said outer cylinder being concentrically arranged, said inner cylinder being annular and said shaft being inserted into said inner cylinder in interference fit, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
obtaining the outer circle diameter d of the outer cylindera1Outer diameter d of inner cylindera2Web thickness Lf1Diameter d of the fitting surface of the shaft and the inner cylinderfAnd a shaft to inner cylinder engagement length L;
outer circle diameter d according to the outer cylindera1Outer diameter d of inner cylindera2Diameter d of the fitting surface of the shaft and the inner cylinderfWeb thickness Lf1And the length L of the shaft to inner cylinder joint determines the minimum bonding pressure Pfmin；
By a minimum combined pressure PfminObtaining a minimum loading deltaemin；
Determining the maximum binding pressure Pfmax；
By maximum combined pressure PfmaxObtaining a maximum loading deltaemax；
Taking the minimum loading deltaeminAnd maximum loading amount deltaemaxHas an average value of the basic loading δ b.
2. Method for determining the loading capacity of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 1, characterised in that the outer diameter d of the cylinder is determined according to the outer cylinder diameter of the outer cylindera1Outer diameter d of inner cylindera2Determining a first reference coefficient Ca1And a second reference coefficient Ca2The general calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, vaIs the Poisson ratio of the web-type cylindrical part, daIs the outer diameter d of the outer cylindera1Or the outer diameter d of the inner cylindera2，CaIs the first reference coefficient Ca1Or a second reference coefficient Ca2。
3. The method of determining the loading of a web-type cylindrical part of claim 2, wherein the first engagement length Lf2The length L of the joint between the shaft and the inner cylinder and the thickness L of the webf1The difference of (a).
4. Method for determining the loading of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 3, characterised in that it is based on a first reference coefficient Ca1A second reference coefficient Ca2Web thickness Lf1And a first engagement length Lf2Determining the actual joint length L', wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
5. method for determining the loading capacity of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 4, characterized in that the minimum binding pressure P is determined on the basis of the actual joint length LfminThe calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F is the transmission axial force, T is the transmission torque, K is the safety factor, mu is the friction coefficient between the web plate type cylindrical part and the shaft, dfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the amount of the web-type cylindrical part is determinedCharacterized in that a first reference coefficient C is takena1And a second reference coefficient Ca2With corresponding minimum combined pressure PfminThe minimum value of the obtained loading amount is the final minimum loading amount deltaemin。
7. Method for determining the loading of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum binding pressure P of the shaft is obtainedfimaxThrough the outer diameter d of the inner cylindera2Determining the maximum bonding pressure P of the partfamaxMaximum combined pressure P of the shaftfimaxAnd the maximum bonding pressure P of the partsfamaxMinimum value of (1) is the maximum bonding pressure Pfmax。
8. Method for determining the loading capacity of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 7, characterized in that the maximum binding pressure P of the shaftfimaxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, diIs the inner bore diameter of the shaft, σsiYield strength of the shaft.
9. Method for determining the loading of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 7, characterized in that the maximum bonding pressure P of the part isfamaxThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d isfIs the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, da2Is the outer diameter of the inner cylinder, σsaYield strength of the part.
10. A method of checking the amount of web cylinder part loading determined by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a finite element checking method and a press-fit and anti-skimming checking method.
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| CN201911016326.2A CN110717230B (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Method for determining assembling amount of web-type cylindrical part |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102155496A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 太原科技大学 | Method for determining magnitude of interference of wind power locking plate |
| CN102672455A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-19 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hydraulic-disassembly cylindrical interference connection structure and assembly/disassembly method |
| US20140001825A1 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Track idler |
| CN104259774A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-01-07 | 黄河科技学院 | Plane wing titanium alloy thin-wall web efficient numerical control machining technology |
| CN108981989A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-11 | 郑州大学 | A kind of device and its application method of detection axle sleeve interference fit faying face pressure |
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2019
- 2019-10-24 CN CN201911016326.2A patent/CN110717230B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102672455A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-19 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hydraulic-disassembly cylindrical interference connection structure and assembly/disassembly method |
| CN102155496A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 太原科技大学 | Method for determining magnitude of interference of wind power locking plate |
| US20140001825A1 (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-02 | Caterpillar Inc. | Track idler |
| CN204383624U (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-06-10 | 卡特彼勒公司 | Track idler |
| CN104259774A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-01-07 | 黄河科技学院 | Plane wing titanium alloy thin-wall web efficient numerical control machining technology |
| CN108981989A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-11 | 郑州大学 | A kind of device and its application method of detection axle sleeve interference fit faying face pressure |
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