CN110717230B - Method for determining assembling amount of web-type cylindrical part - Google Patents
Method for determining assembling amount of web-type cylindrical part Download PDFInfo
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- CN110717230B CN110717230B CN201911016326.2A CN201911016326A CN110717230B CN 110717230 B CN110717230 B CN 110717230B CN 201911016326 A CN201911016326 A CN 201911016326A CN 110717230 B CN110717230 B CN 110717230B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for determining the assembly quantity of web-type cylindrical parts, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the outer circle diameter of the outer cylinder, the outer circle diameter of the inner cylinder, the web thickness and the joint length of the shaft and the inner cylinder; determining the minimum bonding pressure according to the outer circle diameter of the outer cylinder, the outer circle diameter of the inner cylinder, the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, the thickness of the web plate and the joint length of the shaft and the inner cylinder; obtaining a minimum fitting amount by the minimum combined pressure; determining a maximum bonding pressure; obtaining a maximum fitting amount by the maximum combined pressure; taking the average value of the minimum and maximum amounts as the basic amount. The invention provides a method for determining the assembling quantity of the web-type cylindrical part by combining the idea of finite element segmentation on the basis of a classical elastic mechanical calculation method, and the accuracy and the reliability of the method can be verified to be higher through finite element calculation, press fitting and anti-raking tests.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of rail transportation and, more particularly, to a method of determining the amount of web-type cylindrical parts assembled.
Background
The web structure cylinder is a common part form in the mechanical industry, such as locomotive traction gears, locomotive wheels and the like, and is of a web type cylinder structure. The existing method for determining the assembly quantity is only suitable for design calculation of standard cylinders, the assembly quantity of web type cylinders is calculated by empirical calculation or a finite element method, the deviation is large, and the efficiency is low.
The calculation formula of the existing assembly quantity is only suitable for design calculation of a standard cylinder, and when the calculation formula is used for calculating web structure parts, the calculation result is smaller, and the assembly requirement cannot be met. At present, no special calculation method for the assembly quantity of the web type cylinder exists. The empirical push algorithm results in a large calculation bias due to randomness.
Thus, there remains a need for a method dedicated to determining the amount of assembly of web structure cylinders that can accurately calculate the amount of assembly of web structure cylinders.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for determining the assembly quantity of web-type cylindrical parts. The invention provides a method for determining the assembling quantity of the web-type cylindrical part by combining the idea of finite element segmentation on the basis of a classical elastic mechanical calculation method, and the accuracy and the reliability of the method can be verified to be higher through finite element calculation, press fitting and anti-raking tests.
Based on the above purpose, the following technical scheme is adopted:
according to the invention, there is provided a method for determining the fitting amount of a web-type cylindrical part, the web-type cylindrical part being in interference fit with a shaft, the web-type cylindrical part comprising an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a web connecting the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder being concentrically arranged, the inner cylinder being annular, the shaft being inserted into the inner cylinder in interference fit, comprising the steps of:
obtaining the diameter d of the outer circle of the outer cylinder a1 Diameter d of outer circle of inner cylinder a2 Diameter d of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder f Web thickness L f1 The shaft engages the inner cylinder by a length L;
according to the diameter d of the outer circle of the outer cylinder a1 Diameter d of outer circle of inner cylinder a2 Diameter d of shaft-inner cylinder mating surface f Web thickness L f1 The shaft-to-inner cylinder engagement length L determines the minimum engagement pressure P fmin ；
By minimum combined pressure P fmin Obtaining a minimum amount delta of the package emin ；
Determining the maximum bonding pressure P fmax ；
By maximum combined pressure P fmax Obtaining the maximum assembly quantity delta e max ；
Taking the minimum assembled quantity delta emin And maximum assembly quantity delta e max The average value of (a) is the basic fitting amount δb.
Further, according to the outer diameter d of the outer cylinder a1 Diameter d of outer circle of inner cylinder a2 Determining a first reference coefficient C a1 Second reference coefficient C a2 The general calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, v a Poisson ratio, d, of a web-type cylindrical part a Is the diameter d of the outer circle of the outer cylinder a1 Or the outer diameter d of the inner cylinder a2 ，C a Is the first reference coefficient C a1 Or a second reference coefficient C a2 。
Further, a first engagement length L f2 Length L and web thickness L for shaft-to-inner cylinder joint f1 Is a difference in (c).
Further, according to the first reference coefficient C a1 Second reference coefficient C a2 Web thickness L f1 First joint length L f2 The actual engagement length L' is determined, and the calculation formula is as follows:
further, a minimum bonding pressure P is determined based on the actual bonding length L fmin The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F is the transmission axial force, T is the transmission torque, K is the safety coefficient and the value is generally 1.2-1.3, mu is the friction coefficient, d f Is the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder.
Further, a first reference coefficient C is taken a1 Second reference coefficient C a2 With a corresponding minimum combined pressure P fmin The minimum value of the obtained filling quantity is the final minimum filling quantity delta emin 。
Reference coefficient C of shaft i The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, d i Is the inner bore diameter of the shaft, v i Is the poisson's ratio of the axis.
Further, the maximum coupling pressure P of the shaft is obtained fimax Through the diameter d of the outer circle of the inner cylinder a2 Determining maximum bond pressure P of a part famax Maximum coupling pressure P of shaft fimax And maximum joining pressure P of the part famax The minimum value of (a) is the maximum bonding pressure P fmax 。
Further, the maximum coupling pressure P of the shaft fimax The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, d i Is the inner bore diameter of the shaft, sigma si Yield strength of the shaft.
Further, the maximum bonding pressure P of the parts famax The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, d a2 Is the diameter of the outer circle of the inner cylinder, sigma sa Yield strength of the part.
Further, by the maximum bonding pressure P fmax Obtaining the maximum assembly quantity delta e max The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, C a2 Is the second reference coefficient, E a Modulus of elasticity, E, of web-type cylindrical parts i Modulus of elasticity of shaft, C i Is the reference coefficient of the axis.
Assembly tolerance band determination according to the present invention:
according toCalculating the basic assembling amount according to the basic assembling amount delta b and the diameter d of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder f And (3) determining basic assembly deviation by selecting a basic hole system, and determining an assembly quantity tolerance zone.
According to the present invention, there is also provided a method of verifying the amount of fitting of a web-type cylindrical part determined by the method described above, including a finite element verification method and a press-fit and anti-raking verification method.
1) Checking the assembly amount by a finite element method:
and respectively solving the stress when the axle is at the minimum and maximum assembling amounts by a finite element method. The minimum value of the contact stress at the minimum assembly amount is larger than the minimum combination pressure required for transmitting torque, and the contact stress can effectively transmit torque at the minimum assembly of the workpiece is verified.
And calculating equivalent stress and contact stress when the assembly quantity is maximum, wherein the maximum equivalent stress is smaller than the allowable stress of the assembly part, the maximum contact stress is smaller than the maximum allowable bonding strength of the assembly part, and verifying that the workpiece material does not generate plastic deformation when the assembly quantity is maximum.
2) Press fitting and anti-raking checking and assembling amount:
when the oil injection pressure is used for pressing the workpiece, the assembly is measured according to steep rise, concave fall and pressure of an assembly curve, the pressure curve with qualified quality is that the pressure gradually rises along with the increase of the pressing-in distance, the pressure gradually drops along with the increase of the pressing-in distance after the workpiece reaches the oil injection hole, and the pressing-in force is minimum and not more than 196kN when the workpiece is stopped.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for determining the assembly quantity of web-type cylindrical parts based on a classical elastic mechanical calculation method by combining a finite element segmentation idea, the diameter of an outer circle is divided into two parts according to the structural characteristics of the web-type cylindrical parts, the calculation method of the actual joint length is improved, the minimum assembly quantity and the maximum assembly quantity are calculated according to an improved algorithm, and the final assembly quantity tolerance is determined. The invention improves the calculation precision and calculation efficiency of the web type cylindrical part assembly quantity and determines the inspection method of the web type cylindrical part assembly quantity.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed for the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a web-type cylindrical part according to an embodiment of the present invention.
List of reference numerals
1-wheel, 2-web, 3-wheel hub.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The web structure cylinder is a common part form in the mechanical industry, such as locomotive traction gears, locomotive wheels and the like, and is of a web type cylinder structure. In this embodiment, a locomotive wheel is taken as an example to describe a web type cylindrical part, and the locomotive wheel is in interference fit with an axle, as shown in fig. 1, the locomotive wheel comprises a hub 3, a wheel 1 and a web 2 connecting the hub and the wheel, and the axle is inserted into the hub 3 in interference fit.
The method for determining the assembly quantity of the locomotive wheels comprises the following steps:
obtaining the diameter d of the outer circle of the wheel a1 Diameter d of hub outer circle a2 Web thickness L f1 And axle-to-hub engagement length L (as shown in fig. 1); wherein the axle-to-hub engagement length L is such that when the locomotive wheel is interference fitted with the axle, the axle-to-hubThe length of the cross section of the joint is shown in fig. 1.
According to the diameter d of the outer circle of the wheel a1 Diameter d of hub outer circle a2 Web thickness L f1 Determining a minimum combined pressure P for an axle-to-hub engagement length L fmin ；
By minimum combined pressure P fmin Obtaining a minimum amount delta of the package emin ；
Through the diameter d of the outer circle of the hub a2 Determining the maximum bonding pressure P fmax ；
By maximum combined pressure P fmax Obtaining the maximum assembly quantity delta e max ；
Taking the minimum assembled quantity delta emin And maximum assembly quantity delta e max The average value of (a) is the basic fitting amount δb.
According to the diameter d of the outer circle of the wheel a1 Diameter d of hub outer circle a2 Determining a first reference coefficient C a1 Second reference coefficient C a2 The general calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, v a Poisson ratio, d, of a web-type cylindrical part a Is the diameter d of the outer circle of the wheel a1 Or the diameter d of the outer circle of the hub a2 ，C a Is the first reference coefficient C a1 Or a second reference coefficient C a2 。
First engagement length L f2 For axle-to-hub joint length L and web thickness L f1 Is the difference of L f2 =axle combined length (L) -web thickness (L f1 )。
According to the first reference coefficient C a1 Second reference coefficient C a2 Web thickness L f1 First joint length L f2 The actual engagement length L' is determined, and the calculation formula is as follows:
determining the minimum bonding pressure P based on the actual bonding length L fmin The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F is the transmission axial force, T is the transmission torque, K is the safety coefficient and the value is generally 1.2-1.3, mu is the friction coefficient, d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub.
In this embodiment, the minimum engagement pressure is the minimum pressure at which no relative rotation occurs after the axle and hub are interference fit.
Obtaining a minimum amount delta of the package emin ：
The minimum bonding pressure P obtained by the above fmin And a first reference coefficient C a1 Obtaining a minimum amount delta of the package emin 1 The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, E a Modulus of elasticity, E, of locomotive wheels i For modulus of elasticity of axle, C i Is the reference coefficient of the axle.
When the second reference coefficient C is adopted a2 Obtaining a minimum amount delta of the package emin 2 The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, E a Modulus of elasticity, E, of locomotive wheels i For modulus of elasticity of axle, C i As the reference coefficient for the axle of the vehicle,P fmin is the minimum bonding pressure obtained above.
Taking delta emin 1 Delta emin 2 The minimum value of (a) is the final minimum assembly quantity delta emin 。
Reference coefficient C of axle i The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, d i Is the inner bore diameter of the shaft, v i Is the poisson's ratio of the axis. When the axle is a solid axle, d i The value of (2) is zero.
Obtaining maximum combined pressure P of axle fimax Through the diameter d of the outer circle of the hub a2 Determining a maximum combined pressure P of locomotive wheels famax Maximum combined pressure P of axle fimax Maximum combined pressure P with locomotive wheel famax The minimum value of (a) is the maximum bonding pressure P fmax 。
In this embodiment, the maximum engagement pressure is the maximum pressure that can be borne by the wheel and the axle without plastic deformation after the axle is in interference fit with the hub.
Maximum combined pressure P of axle fimax The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, d i Is the inner diameter sigma of the axle si Yield strength of the axle.
Maximum combined pressure P of locomotive wheels famax The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, d a2 Is the diameter of the outer circle of the hub, sigma sa Yield strength of locomotive wheels.
By maximum combined pressure P fmax Obtaining the maximum assembly quantity delta e max The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the axle and the hub, C a2 Is the second reference coefficient, E a Modulus of elasticity, E, of locomotive wheels i For modulus of elasticity of axle, C i Is the reference coefficient of the axle.
Assembly tolerance band determination according to the present invention:
according toCalculating a basic assembly amount according to the basic assembly amount delta b and the diameter d of the matching surface of the axle and the hub f And (3) determining basic assembly deviation by selecting a basic hole system, and determining an assembly quantity tolerance zone.
Checking the assembly amount by a finite element method:
the stresses at the minimum and maximum loading of the axle are solved by the prior art finite element method, respectively. The minimum value of the contact stress at the minimum assembly amount is larger than the minimum combination pressure required for transmitting torque, and the contact stress can effectively transmit torque at the minimum assembly of the workpiece is verified.
And calculating equivalent stress and contact stress when the assembly quantity is maximum, wherein the maximum equivalent stress is smaller than the allowable stress of the assembly part, the maximum contact stress is smaller than the maximum allowable bonding strength of the assembly part, and verifying that the workpiece material does not generate plastic deformation when the assembly quantity is maximum.
Press fitting and anti-raking checking and assembling amount:
when the oil injection pressure is used for pressing the workpiece, the assembly is measured according to steep rise, concave fall and pressure of an assembly curve, the pressure curve with qualified quality is that the pressure gradually rises along with the increase of the pressing-in distance, the pressure gradually drops along with the increase of the pressing-in distance after the workpiece reaches the oil injection hole, and the pressing-in force is minimum and not more than 196kN when the workpiece is stopped.
The foregoing is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, but it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, although elements of the disclosed embodiments may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.
It should be understood that as used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly supports the exception. It should also be understood that "and/or" as used herein is meant to include any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The foregoing embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed with reference to the number of embodiments for the purpose of description only, and does not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the above discussion of any embodiment is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the disclosure of embodiments of the invention, including the claims, is limited to such examples; combinations of features of the above embodiments or in different embodiments are also possible within the idea of an embodiment of the invention, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the embodiments of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. of the embodiments should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method of determining the amount of fit of a web-type cylindrical part, said web-type cylindrical part being in interference fit with a shaft, said web-type cylindrical part comprising an inner cylinder, an outer cylinder and a web connecting the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder, said inner cylinder and said outer cylinder being concentrically arranged, said inner cylinder being annular, said shaft being inserted into said inner cylinder in interference fit, comprising the steps of:
obtaining the diameter d of the outer circle of the outer cylinder a1 Diameter d of outer circle of inner cylinder a2 Web thickness L f1 Diameter d of shaft-inner cylinder mating surface f The shaft engages the inner cylinder by a length L;
according to the diameter d of the outer circle of the outer cylinder a1 Diameter d of outer circle of inner cylinder a2 Diameter d of shaft-inner cylinder mating surface f Web thickness L f1 The shaft-to-inner cylinder engagement length L determines the minimum engagement pressure P fmin ；
First engagement length L f2 Length L and web thickness L for shaft-to-inner cylinder joint f1 According to the first reference coefficient C a1 Second reference coefficient C a2 Web thickness L f1 First joint length L f2 The actual engagement length L' is determined, and the calculation formula is as follows:
determining a minimum bonding pressure P based on said actual bonding length L fmin The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein F is the transmission axial force, T is the transmission torque, K is the safety coefficient, mu is the friction coefficient of the web type cylindrical part and the shaft, and d f Is the diameter of the mating surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder;
by minimum combined pressure P fmin Obtaining a minimum amount delta of the package emin ；
Determining the maximum bonding pressure P fmax ；
By maximum combined pressure P fmax Obtaining the maximum assembly quantity delta e max ；
Taking the minimum assembled quantity delta emin And maximum assembly quantity delta emax Average of (2)The value is the basic fitting amount δb.
2. The method for determining the fitting amount of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 1, wherein the outer diameter d of the outer cylinder is determined a1 Diameter d of outer circle of inner cylinder a2 Determining a first reference coefficient C a1 Second reference coefficient C a2 The general calculation formula is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, v a Poisson ratio, d, of a web-type cylindrical part a Is the diameter d of the outer circle of the outer cylinder a1 Or the outer diameter d of the inner cylinder a2 ，C a Is the first reference coefficient C a1 Or a second reference coefficient C a2 。
3. The method for determining the fit of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 1, wherein a first reference coefficient C is taken a1 Second reference coefficient C a2 With a corresponding minimum combined pressure P fmin The minimum value of the obtained filling quantity is the final minimum filling quantity delta emin 。
4. The method for determining the fitting amount of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 1, wherein the maximum coupling pressure P of the shaft is obtained fimax Through the diameter d of the outer circle of the inner cylinder a2 Determining maximum bond pressure P of a part famax Maximum coupling pressure P of shaft fimax And maximum joining pressure P of the part famax The minimum value of (a) is the maximum bonding pressure P fmax 。
5. The method for determining the fit of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 4, wherein the maximum coupling pressure P of the shaft fimax The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, d i Is the inner bore diameter of the shaft, sigma si Yield strength of the shaft.
6. The method for determining the fit of a web-type cylindrical part according to claim 4, wherein the maximum joining pressure P of the part famax The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein d f Is the diameter of the matching surface of the shaft and the inner cylinder, d a2 Is the diameter of the outer circle of the inner cylinder, sigma sa Yield strength of the part.
7. A method of checking the amount of web cylinder component assembled as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a finite element checking method and a press-fit and anti-theft checking method.
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| CN201911016326.2A CN110717230B (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Method for determining assembling amount of web-type cylindrical part |
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| CN201911016326.2A CN110717230B (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-10-24 | Method for determining assembling amount of web-type cylindrical part |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102155496A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 太原科技大学 | Method for determining magnitude of interference of wind power locking plate |
| CN102672455A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-19 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hydraulic-disassembly cylindrical interference connection structure and assembly/disassembly method |
| CN104259774A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-01-07 | 黄河科技学院 | Plane wing titanium alloy thin-wall web efficient numerical control machining technology |
| CN204383624U (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-06-10 | 卡特彼勒公司 | Track idler |
| CN108981989A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-11 | 郑州大学 | A kind of device and its application method of detection axle sleeve interference fit faying face pressure |
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2019
- 2019-10-24 CN CN201911016326.2A patent/CN110717230B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102672455A (en) * | 2011-03-08 | 2012-09-19 | 上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hydraulic-disassembly cylindrical interference connection structure and assembly/disassembly method |
| CN102155496A (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2011-08-17 | 太原科技大学 | Method for determining magnitude of interference of wind power locking plate |
| CN204383624U (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2015-06-10 | 卡特彼勒公司 | Track idler |
| CN104259774A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-01-07 | 黄河科技学院 | Plane wing titanium alloy thin-wall web efficient numerical control machining technology |
| CN108981989A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-11 | 郑州大学 | A kind of device and its application method of detection axle sleeve interference fit faying face pressure |
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