CN110716211B - Iterative filtering associated imaging method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an iterative filtering correlation imaging method, which is based on filtering correlation imaging, and is characterized in that data collected by two surface array detectors of a detection arm and a reference arm are respectively subjected to a series of filtering treatment with specific thresholds to obtain a filtering intensity sequence, and then filtering intensity signals with different thresholds and correlation thereof are subjected to iterative operation according to a traditional correlation imaging second-order correlation function, so that the correlation imaging of a measured target object is realized. The invention can realize super-resolution imaging, and the imaging resolution is better than filtering correlation imaging. Compared with the traditional correlation imaging and filtering correlation imaging, the method has the advantages of high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, high contrast ratio, insensitivity to light intensity instability and capability of resisting bad weather influences such as atmospheric disturbance, turbulence and the like. Meanwhile, the method can be introduced into a calculation correlation imaging and compression correlation imaging system, shortens the imaging time on the premise of ensuring high-quality imaging, and is widely applied to the fields of national defense, remote sensing, communication, biomedicine and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-quality associated imaging, in particular to an iterative filtering associated imaging method which can realize super-resolution, high-contrast and high-signal-to-noise ratio imaging. Can be widely applied to the fields of national defense, military, remote sensing, communication, biomedicine and the like which need high-quality imaging technology.
Background
The correlated imaging technology is a kind of spatial intensity correlation property which utilizes a thermal optical field or a quantum optical field developed in recent years. This non-localized associative imaging technique has many advantages over conventional lens imaging or photographic techniques: 1. can be imaged without lenses and is in principle suitable for any wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum 2. Can be imaged under extremely severe conditions, such as under the influence of other scattering media like atmospheric turbulence disturbances, cloud shielding, air turbidity etc. This is not possible with conventional classical imaging. The technology has irreplaceable effects and advantages of the traditional lens imaging technology, so the technology has great potential application value in various imaging technical fields such as national defense, military, remote sensing, communication, biomedicine and the like. However, this solution also has a number of disadvantages: low resolution, low signal to noise ratio, low contrast, a new approach to solving these problems needs to be sought.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve the problem of low imaging quality of conventional correlated imaging and to provide a high quality correlated imaging method of iterative filtering. Super-resolution, high contrast, high signal-to-noise imaging can be achieved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an iterative filtering correlation imaging method is characterized in that an implementation device thereof is as follows:
1) Light emitted by the light source (1) is divided into two spatially related light beams by the non-polarizing beam splitter (2), one light beam is reflected to the detection arm to be called a detection arm light path, and the other light beam is irradiated to the reference arm to be called a reference arm light path;
2) The detection arm light path is provided with: the device comprises an object to be imaged (3), an area array detection arm detector (4-1) with spatial resolution capability and a detection arm spatial filter (5-1). The detection arm detector (4-1) acquires a light field intensity space distribution signal I (x) after passing through the object (3) to be imaged 1 ) And outputs the signal to a detection arm spatial filter (5-1) for filtering operation; the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) filters the filtered signalOutput to a measurement system (6) for reconstructing the object to be imaged;
the reference arm light path is provided with: an area array detection reference arm detector (4-2) with spatial resolution capability and a reference arm spatial filter (5-2). The reference arm detector (4-2) directly collects the light field intensity distribution signal I (x) of the reference arm light path 2 ) And outputs the signal to a reference arm spatial filter (5-2) for filtering operation; the reference arm spatial filter (5-2) filters the filtered signalOutput to a measurement system (6) for reconstructing the object to be imaged;
3) And the measurement system (6) carries out iterative operation according to the filtering intensity signals of the two paths of corresponding different filtering thresholds and the correlation thereof and the traditional correlation imaging second-order correlation function, so as to realize the correlation imaging of the measured target object.
The filtering method in the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2) is the same, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a) The detector (4-1) in the detection arm light path and the detector (4-2) in the reference arm light path respectively shoot the light field intensity distribution signal of the object (3) to be detected and the light field intensity distribution signal of the reference arm light path according to a specific exposure time, continuously acquire the light field intensity distribution signals according to a certain time sequence, and sequentially output the data obtained by each exposure to the corresponding spatial filters, namely the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2);
b) According to the maximum value and the minimum value of the instant light field, the average value of the light field intensity and the actual requirement, respectively setting proper thresholds for the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2);
c) The detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2) are respectively used for the spatial distribution signal I (x) of the light field intensity 1 ) And I (x) 2 ) And filtering the sample number N. First advanced of two paths of data with N sampling numbersFiltering with the first threshold value of F1And->Then the filter treatment is carried out to obtain +.2 for the threshold value of the 2 nd time>And… …, up to the Mth threshold value, is obtained by FM filteringAnd->Then outputting the two sets of signals after the series of threshold filtering to a measurement system (6);
wherein the measurement system (6) performs iterative operation according to the conventional correlated imaging second-order correlation function, namely according to the corrected normalized second-order correlation function
High-quality imaging of the measured object is realized.
Wherein: m is the number of iterations; n is the actual sample number; m×n is the number of samples for iterative bandpass filtering, which is increased by a factor of M over the actual number of samples N.
The measurement system (6) can adopt the traditional correlation imaging principle to realize high-quality imaging of the measured object, and can also adopt any one of the following methods for image reconstruction:
the signals after iterative filtering of the reference arm and the detection arm can be used as input, and the CS algorithm is used for recovery, so that the image of the object to be imaged is obtained, and the number of samples required at the moment can be reduced to below 2.5% of the Nyquist sampling limit;
in addition, the iterative filtering method can also be applied to a calculation correlation imaging system, and is processed according to the principle and the method of the calculation correlation imaging system, so that the correlation imaging of the object to be imaged is realized.
The iterative filtering operation can adopt a method of hardware filtering iterative processing, software filtering iterative processing or a combination of the hardware filtering iterative processing and the software filtering iterative processing.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention breaks the limit of the diffraction emitter, has super-resolution imaging capability, and can realize super-resolution by more than 10 times, wherein the resolution is maintained or even exceeded on the basis of band-pass filtering super-resolution correlated imaging;
2. the contrast ratio can reach 100% under specific conditions;
3. the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging is greatly improved from the traditional correlation imaging ratio, and particularly in the iteration of band-pass filtering, a certain specific threshold and iteration times can enable the signal-to-noise ratio to be improved by more than 3 times compared with the traditional correlation imaging, at the moment, the resolution is about 1 pixel, and the contrast is more infinitely close to 100%. And by reducing the step length between different thresholds and increasing the iteration times, the signal to noise ratio can still be increased continuously;
4. under the condition that the actual sampling data quantity is limited, the invention can enlarge the sampling data quantity by an iteration method;
5. the invention reserves all advantages of the traditional associated imaging technology, and can be used for upgrading the imaging quality of the associated imaging technology of various real-heat light sources or pseudo-heat light sources and space modulation light sources;
6. the invention has simple structure and easy operation, does not change the experimental structure of the traditional correlation imaging, and only adds iterative operation on the basis of filtering correlation imaging;
7. the invention performs filtering and iterative operations on the collected data just prior to correlated imaging. The software is mainly used for carrying out filtering operation and iterative operation, so that the operation difficulty is not increased;
8. the iterative filtering operation of the invention is to process the area array data collected by the detector, and the processed data can be input into a calculation correlation imaging system and a compression correlation imaging system. The invention is combined with a compression correlation imaging algorithm, the number of required samples can be reduced to below 2.5% of the Nyquist sampling limit, and the imaging time is greatly reduced on the premise of ensuring the imaging quality compared with the traditional correlation imaging ratio, so that the invention has a very large application prospect in the field of high-quality real-time imaging;
9. the invention is insensitive to the instability of light intensity, so the invention is suitable for the condition of unstable light field intensity emitted by a light source, has the capability of resisting the influence of atmospheric disturbance, turbulence and the like, and can image in severe weather.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an iterative filtering correlation imaging system of the present invention;
1. a light source; 2. a non-polarizing beam splitter; 3. an object to be imaged; 4-1, a detection arm detector; 4-2, a reference arm detector; 5-1, a detection arm space filter; 5-2, a reference arm spatial filter; 6. a measurement system for reconstructing an image of an object to be imaged.
Detailed Description
An iterative filtering correlation imaging method, the experimental device is as follows:
1) Light emitted by the light source (1) is divided into two spatially related light beams by the non-polarizing beam splitter (2), one light beam is reflected to the detection arm to be called a detection arm light path, and the other light beam is irradiated to the reference arm to be called a reference arm light path;
2) The detection arm light path is provided with: the device comprises an object to be imaged (3), an area array detection arm detector (4-1) with spatial resolution capability and a detection arm spatial filter (5-1). The detection arm detector (4-1) acquires a light field intensity space distribution signal I (x) after passing through the object (3) to be imaged 1 ) And outputs the signal to a detection arm spatial filter (5-1) for filtering operation; the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) filters the filtered signalOutput to a measurement system (6) for reconstructing the object to be imaged;
the reference arm light path is provided with: an area array detection arm detector (4-2) with spatial resolution capability and a detection arm spatial filter (5-2). The reference arm detector (4-2) directly collects the light field intensity distribution signal I (x) of the reference arm light path 2 ) And outputs the signal to a reference arm spatial filter (5-2) for filtering operation; the reference arm spatial filter (5-2) filters the filtered signalOutput to a measurement system (6) for reconstructing the object to be imaged;
3) And the measurement system (6) performs iterative operation according to the filtering intensity signals of the two paths of corresponding different filtering thresholds and the correlation thereof through a traditional correlation imaging second-order correlation function, so that the correlation imaging of the measured target object is realized.
The filtering method in the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2) is the same, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a) The detector (4-1) in the detection arm light path and the detector (4-2) in the reference arm light path respectively shoot the light intensity distribution signal of the object (3) to be detected and the light intensity distribution of the reference arm light path according to a specific exposure time, continuously acquire the light intensity distribution signal according to a certain time sequence, and sequentially output the data obtained by each exposure to the corresponding spatial filters, namely the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2);
b) According to the maximum value and the minimum value of the instant light field, the average value of the light field intensity and the actual requirement, respectively setting proper thresholds for the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2);
c) The detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2) spatially distribute the light field intensity signal I (x) 1 ) And I (x) 2 ) All data with the actual sampling number of N are respectively filtered by a first threshold F1 to obtainAnd->Filtering the threshold F2 at the 2 nd time to obtainAnd->FM filtering is performed until the Mth threshold>And->The series of threshold-filtered signals is then output to a measurement system (6);
wherein the measurement system (6) performs iterative operation according to the filtered intensity signals with different filtering thresholds and their correlations according to the conventional correlated imaging second order correlation function, namely according to the corrected normalized second order intensity correlation function
High quality imaging of the observed object is achieved.
Wherein: m is the number of iterations; n is the actual sample number; m×n is the number of samples for iterative bandpass filtering, which is increased by a factor of M over the actual number of samples N.
The measurement system (6) can adopt any one of the following methods to reconstruct images besides adopting the traditional correlation imaging principle:
the signals after iterative filtering of the reference arm and the detection arm can be used as input, and the CS algorithm is used for recovery, so that the image of the object to be imaged is obtained, and the number of samples required at the moment can be reduced to below 2.5% of the Nyquist sampling limit;
in addition, the iterative filtering method can also be applied to a calculation correlation imaging system, and is processed according to the principle and the method of the calculation correlation imaging system, so that the correlation imaging of the object to be imaged is realized.
The applicable range of the iterative operation comprises low pass, high pass, band pass filtering and the like. The light source can be a plurality of light sources such as thermo-light, pseudo-thermo-light, space modulation light and the like; the filter can be a mean filter, a median filter and other various spatial filters; the detector is a detector with spatial resolution capability. The iterative filtering operation may be implemented using a hardware filtering iterative process, a software filtering iterative process, or a combination of both.
The specific use is as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail through the drawings and the embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural layout of an associated imaging system and method for iterative bandpass filtering according to one embodiment of the invention.
The associated imaging system in fig. 1 comprises a thermal light source 1 and a non-polarizing beam splitter 2, a detection arm detector 4-1 and a reference arm detector 4-2 with spatial resolution, a detection arm spatial filter 5-1 and a reference arm spatial filter 5-2 for performing a series of bandpass filtering on two paths of output signals of the area array detector with spatial resolution, and a measurement system 6 for reconstructing an image of an object to be imaged.
The non-polarizing beam splitter 2 is located behind the light source 1, and can split the light beam emitted from the light source 1 into two beams. The detecting arm detector 4-1 is arranged behind the object 3 to be detected and is used for collecting the light intensity space distribution condition I (x) 1 ). The reference arm light path is provided with a reference arm detector 4-2 for sampling light field intensity space distribution information I (x 2 ). Wherein the spatial distribution signal I (x 1 ) And I (x) 2 ) Synchronous triggering is carried out according to a time sequence, and two groups of area array data sequences with the sampling number of N are acquired in a certain exposure time.
Taking the area array data collected by the detection arm as an example, each element in the area array data of the detection arm sequentially passes through a certain threshold F1 in a series of thresholds (F1, F2 … Fk … FM) which are set in advance by the detection arm space band-pass filter 5-1 to obtain a first group of filtered numbers with the sampling number of NAccording toIn this way, the original area array data sequentially passes through a band-pass filter with the ith threshold value of Fi to obtain band-pass filtered data with the threshold value of Fk +.>… …, the result after the band-pass filtering until the Mth threshold value is FM isThe series of band-pass filtered area array data is then transmitted to the measurement system 6.
Likewise, reference arm spatial filter 5-2 also distributes signal I (x) 2 ) Performing a series of bandpass filtering operationsWhile transmitting the band-pass filtered area array data to the measurement system 6.
Furthermore, the arm spatial light field intensity signal I (x 1 ) Spatial light field intensity signal I (x) 2 ) Is the product of (x) 1 )I(x 2 ) The result after a series of band pass filters is
The three sets of data are then iterated according to the filtered intensity signals of the respective filtering thresholds and the correlation between them, and finally according to the conventional thermo-optic correlation functionThe high-quality image of the object to be measured can be reproduced. The correlation function can also be written as a corrected normalized second order intensity correlation function
Wherein: m is the number of iterations; n is the actual sample number; m×n is the number of samples for iterative bandpass filtering, which is increased by a factor of M over the actual number of samples N.
The foregoing is a basic construction and a main method of the system of the present invention, and the following further details the key points of the present invention.
The filtering iterative operation mainly adopts software to carry out the filtering iterative operation, namely, the filtering operation and the iterative operation are programmed into a software program in the data processing process. Specifically taking band-pass filtering iteration as an example, two paths of detector output area array signals are stored in a computer hard disk according to sequences, data are sequentially read in through a program, then the maximum value and the minimum value of each sequence signal are found out, and a series of proper thresholds are selected between the maximum threshold and the minimum threshold. And then each element of the area array signal is compared with a certain threshold signal of the series of thresholds, the value is larger than the value equal to 0 of the upper threshold and smaller than the value equal to 0 of the lower threshold, and the original value is kept unchanged only between the upper threshold and the lower threshold, so that the spatial band-pass filtering operation of data is achieved, wherein the bandwidth of band-pass filtering is the distance between the upper threshold and the lower threshold. And then comparing the area array signal with the series of other thresholds in turn to obtain other threshold filtered results, and finally carrying out addition iteration operation on all the threshold filtered results. Of course, the filtering threshold can be set manually according to specific situations, wherein the smaller the bandwidth of the band-pass filtering is, the closer the step length is, and the better the final imaging effect is when the iteration times are appropriate. The filtering operation methods of the reference arm and the detection arm are the same, but the threshold values may be different, even obtained using different methods. However, when two paths are respectively iterated, the same number of iterations must be ensured.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the solution. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
By now it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that while a preferred embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail herein, many other variations or modifications which are in accordance with the principles of the invention may be directly ascertained or derived from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should be understood and deemed to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (3)
1. An iterative filtering correlation imaging method is characterized in that an implementation device thereof is as follows:
1) Light emitted by the light source (1) is divided into two spatially related light beams by the non-polarizing beam splitter (2), one light beam is reflected to the detection arm to be called a detection arm light path, and the other light beam is irradiated to the reference arm to be called a reference arm light path;
2) The detection arm light path is provided with: an object to be imaged (3), an area array detection arm detector (4-1) with spatial resolution capability, and a detection arm spatial filter (5-1); the detection arm detector (4-1) acquires a light field intensity space distribution signal I (x) after passing through the object (3) to be imaged 1 ) And outputs the signal to a detection arm spatial filter (5-1) for filtering operation; the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) filters the filtered signal I n Fk (x 1 ) Output to a measurement system (6) for reconstructing the object to be imaged;
the reference arm light path is provided with: an area array reference arm detector (4-2) with spatial resolution capability and a reference arm spatial filter (5-2); the reference arm detector (4-2) directly collects the light field intensity distribution signal I (x) of the reference arm light path 2 ) And outputs the signal to a reference arm spatial filter (5-2) for filtering operation; the reference arm spatial filter (5-2) filters the filtered signal I n Fk (x 2 ) Output to a measurement system (6) for reconstructing the object to be imaged;
the measurement system (6) performs iterative operation according to the received filter intensity signals with different filter thresholds and the correlation thereof and the traditional correlation imaging second-order correlation function, namely the corrected normalized second-order correlation function
High-quality imaging of the measured object is realized;
wherein: m is the number of iterations; n is the actual sample number; m is the number of samples of the iterative band-pass filter, which is increased by M times compared with the actual number of samples N;
3) And the measurement system (6) carries out iterative operation according to the filtering intensity signals of the two paths of corresponding different filtering thresholds and the correlation thereof and the traditional correlation imaging second-order correlation function, so as to realize the correlation imaging of the measured target object.
2. An iterative filtering-associated imaging method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filtering method in the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) is the same as the filtering method in the reference arm spatial filter (5-2), in particular:
a) The detection arm detector (4-1) and the reference arm detector (4-2) respectively perform exposure shooting on light field intensity distribution signals passing through the object to be detected (3) and light field intensity distribution signals in a reference arm light path according to specific exposure time, continuously acquire the light field intensity distribution signals according to a certain time sequence, and sequentially output data obtained by each exposure to corresponding spatial filters, namely a detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and a reference arm spatial filter (5-2);
b) According to the maximum value and the minimum value of the instant light field, the average value of the light field intensity and the actual requirement, respectively setting proper thresholds for the detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2);
c) The detection arm spatial filter (5-1) and the reference arm spatial filter (5-2) are respectively used for the spatial distribution signal I (x) of the light field intensity 1 ) And I (x) 2 ) Filtering with the sampling number of N; the two paths of data with the sampling number of N are obtained by first performing filtering processing with the first threshold value of F1And->Then the filter treatment is carried out to obtain +.2 for the threshold value of the 2 nd time>And->… … up to the Mth threshold value is +.>Andthe series of threshold filtered two sets of signals are then output to a measurement system (6).
3. The iterative filtering correlation imaging method of claim 1, wherein the iterative filtering algorithm can employ hardware filtering iterative processing, software filtering iterative processing or a combination thereof.
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