CN108955873B - System and method for generating spatial anti-bunching phenomenon - Google Patents
System and method for generating spatial anti-bunching phenomenon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system and a method for generating a spatial anti-bunching phenomenon. The system comprises a light source (1), a non-polarization beam splitter (2) and a light field intensity spatial distribution signal for collecting the light path of the detection arm
The device comprises a detection arm single-pixel detector (3-1), a detection arm detector (3-1) used for collecting a light field intensity distribution signal of a reference arm light path, a detection arm filter (4-1) and a coincidence measurement system (5). The system is applied to realize the generation method of the space anti-bunching phenomenon. The system and the method provided by the invention can observe the anti-bunching effect which is only possessed by a non-classical light field, and have important theoretical and experimental significance in the fields of quantum optics and quantum information. The method also has wide application value, and can be used for forming associated negative images with super-resolution capability, background-free super-resolution associated imaging, sub-wavelength interference and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of quantum optics, in particular to a system and a method for generating a spatial anti-bunching phenomenon.
Background
In the field of quantum optics, an optical field can be divided into a classical optical field and a quantum optical field under a certain standard, wherein an important standard is that certain specific values of a normalized second-order correlation function of the optical field in a time domain or a space domainWithin a range of values less than 1, i.e.
Or
. This effect is known as the photon anti-bunching effect in quantum optics and is generally considered to be a characteristic attribute of the quantum mechanical nature of the optical field. In other words, only non-classical fields will have the property of anti-bunching effects, whereas classical fields are not. Therefore, up to now, the photon anti-bunching effect in the time domain and the photon anti-bunching effect in the space domain can only be observed in the second order correlation measurement experiment of the non-classical light field generated by various methods. In particular, in recent years, in addition to the photon anti-bunching effect observed by using the conventional quantum optical method, such as the entangled photon pair generated by conversion under spontaneous parameters, a single photon source, a fermi subsystem, a translational compression state and the like, the effect is also observed in the nano material with a new structure in many new technical fields, such as a single carbon nanotube, a nonlinear optical waveguide, a double quantum ring structure and an atomic cavity kinetic system. The anti-bunching effect observed in these systems further confirms its particular properties of non-classical optical fields. The photon anti-bunching effect, in addition to being a criterion for the non-classical property of the light field, can also be used for dark correlation imaging, and has many advantages like correlation imaging (using the bunching effect), such as imaging without a lens and being suitable for any wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum in principle, being free from the influence of atmospheric turbulence disturbance, air turbidity or other scattering media, still obtaining clear imaging of objects under the condition of atmospheric turbulence and cloud shielding, and the like. Therefore, the photon anti-bunching effect has great potential application value in a plurality of imaging technologies such as national defense, military, remote sensing, communication, biomedicine and the like and the fields of information transmission and encryption.
Although the anti-bunching effect has important application value and prospect, as mentioned above, the system and method capable of generating the anti-bunching effect are generally complicated, and various light sources, different structures and methods also require complicated designs, and are difficult to accurately debug. The intensity of the light source is also weak, and the detection difficulty is also relatively large. This is a disadvantage of many systems and methods that produce anti-bunching.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to apply a low-pass filtering technique to the field of generation and observation of photon anti-bunching effect in quantum optics, thereby providing a system and a method for generating spatial anti-bunching phenomenon.
In particular, the present invention provides a novel correlation measurement system comprising:
the light beam emitted by the light source (1) is divided into 50%: the 50% non-polarizing optical beam splitter (2) is divided into two paths:
a probe arm optical path and a reference arm optical path.
The optical path of the detection arm is provided with a single-pixel detector, and the detector (3-1) is used for sampling the light field intensity spatial distribution signal of the optical path of the detection arm
The output signal of the detector is connected to a low-pass filter;
a reference arm light path, wherein a reference detector device with spatial resolution is arranged in the reference arm light path and is used for sampling the light field intensity distribution signal of the reference arm light path
The output signal of the detector is also connected into a low-pass filter; and is
。
Further, the light source is a thermal light source, natural light or artificial pseudo-thermal light source.
Further, the detection arm detector and the reference arm detector are respectively a variety of single-pixel photodetectors and a CCD (charge coupled device), an EMCCD (Electron-Multiplying CCD), an ICCD (enhanced charge coupled device), or a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) area array camera having a spatial resolution capability.
Further, the detection arm filter and the reference arm filter are respectively one of a mean filter, a median filter, a Lee local area statistics adaptive filter, a Frost filter, a Sigma filter, a modified K-means adaptive filter or a Gamma filter, and other filters capable of low-pass filtering the intensity spatial distribution or the photon number spatial distribution.
A method for generating a spatial anti-bunching phenomenon adopts the correlation measurement system based on low-pass filtering, and comprises the following steps:
1) synchronously carrying out exposure shooting for a certain time on the light field intensity distribution passing through the detection arm light path and the reference arm light path according to a certain time sequence, and sequentially accessing data output obtained by each exposure to corresponding low-pass filters, namely the detection arm low-pass filter and the reference arm low-pass filter;
2) respectively setting a proper threshold value for the reference arm spatial filter and the detection arm spatial filter according to the average value of the light field intensity and the maximum value of the instant light field; 3) special care must be taken to ensure that the thresholds of the two arms are maintained at a certain difference, which is not equal or very close, to observe significant spatial anti-bunching. The threshold of one arm may be set generally to be less than the average of the intensity and the other arm to be greater than the average of the intensity. 4) The threshold value may be set randomly within a certain range as in the above 3). That is, for the light intensity distribution at each time point, when the filter threshold of the detection arm is randomly set to be smaller than the average value of the light intensity, the filter threshold of the reference arm is defined to be any value randomly set to be larger than the average value of the light intensity and smaller than the maximum value of the instantaneous light intensity. And vice versa. 5) According to a threshold value, performing low-pass filtering operation on the area array data signal obtained by each time sequence point sequentially through a reference arm low-pass filter and a detection arm low-pass filter; 6) the two groups of area array data obtained by the reference arm light path and the detection arm light path are processed according to the traditional thermo-optic correlation measurement principle and method, and then the space anti-bunching phenomenon can be observed.
Further, the low-pass filtering operation adopts hardware filtering processing or software filtering processing.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the width of the space anti-bunching recess is narrower than the width of a coincidence peak of a thermo-optic bunching effect under the same condition, and the space anti-bunching recess can be used for super-resolution imaging and background-free super-resolution imaging; 2. the invention is based on the correlation measurement system of the classical heat light source, does not need to change the light path structure of the correlation measurement, mainly detects the structure and triggers the control, is assisted by the low-pass threshold filtering method, the system structure is simple, easy to measure, convenient to regulate and control, the space anti-bunching effect is obvious; 3. in the invention, a low-pass filter can be added behind the detector in the filtering operation or the digital technology processing is carried out on the data by utilizing the calculation software on the basis of the traditional detection method, the operation is easy, and the complexity of the associated measurement system and the data processing complexity are not increased; 4. the invention inherits all the advantages of the traditional correlation measurement technology, and can be used for upgrading various true heat light sources or pseudo heat light sources and improving the spatial resolution, the contrast and the signal-to-noise ratio of the correlation measurement system by the calculation correlation measurement technology of the spatial modulation light beam based on computer modulation; 5. the invention is also suitable for the condition that the light field intensity emitted by the light source is unstable, is insensitive to the instability of light intensity, and has the capability of resisting the influence of severe weather such as atmospheric disturbance, turbulence and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system and method for generating spatial anti-bunching according to the present invention;
1. a light source; 2. a non-polarizing beam splitter; 3-1, detecting an arm detector; 3-2, a reference arm detector; 4-1, a detection arm filter; 4-2, a reference arm filter; 5. in line with the measurement system.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating spatial anti-bunching phenomenon in accordance with one embodiment of the present inventionSchematic structural layout of the generation system and method of (1). The correlation measurement system in fig. 1 includes a thermal light source and non-polarization beam splitter 2, a detection arm optical path and a reference arm optical path, a detection arm filter 4-1 and a reference arm filter 4-2 for low-pass filtering output signals of two paths of area array detectors which are respectively a single-pixel detector and have spatial resolution, and a coincidence measurement system 5. Wherein, a single-pixel detector 3-1 can be arranged in the optical path of the detection arm. The detection arm detector 3-1 is used for sampling the space intensity signal of the light field in the light path of the detection arm
. The reference arm light path is provided with a reference arm detector 3-2 for sampling the light field intensity spatial distribution information of the reference arm light path
. Wherein the spatial distribution signals in the above two optical paths
And
the detector is synchronously triggered according to a certain time sequence, and two groups of data sequences are acquired within a certain exposure time. The two groups of data respectively pass through a detection arm filter 4-1 and a reference arm filter 4-2 with a certain threshold value and then become another two groups of data
And
then utilizing the normalized second-order intensity correlation function according to the principle and method of thermo-optic correlation measurement
The spatial anti-bunching phenomenon and effect can be observed.
The detection arm detector 3-1 and the reference arm detector 3-2 are respectively a single-pixel photodetector and a CCD (charge coupled device) with spatial resolution, an EMCCD (Electron-Multiplying CCD), an ICCD (enhanced charge coupled device) or a CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) area array camera.
The detection arm filter and the reference arm filter are respectively one of a mean filter, a median filter, a Lee local area statistics adaptive filter, a Frost filter, a Sigma filter, a modified K-means adaptive filter or a Gamma filter, and other filters capable of low-pass filtering the intensity spatial distribution or the photon number spatial distribution.
The above is the basic constitution and main method of the system of the present invention, and the key points of the present invention will be further explained in detail.
The biggest difference between the system and the traditional correlation measurement system is that the output signals of the two-arm detectors are subjected to threshold filtering operation in sequence, and each sequence point data signal of the detection arm after low-pass filtering and the area array data signal of the reference arm after low-pass filtering in the same sequence observe the space anti-bunching phenomenon and effect according to the correlation measurement principle and method.
The most critical threshold filtering operation for the present invention can be divided into two cases: hardware filtering and software filtering.
The hardware filtering is to access the output signal of the detector to a low-pass filter according to the method shown in fig. 1, and the filter performs low-pass filtering on the accessed signal according to a manually set threshold or a threshold calculated by a preset method. The filter with the functions can also be a part of the detector, and the original data acquired by the exposure of the photosensitive element of the detector is directly output after passing through the low-pass filter.
If software filtering is adopted, the filtering operation is programmed into a software program in the process of data processing. Specifically, taking low-pass threshold filtering as an example, two paths of detector output signals are stored in a computer hard disk in sequence, data are read in sequence through a program, then an average value of each sequence signal is calculated to serve as a threshold reference signal, two-arm thresholds are set according to requirements, a certain difference value is ensured between the two-arm thresholds, then each element of the reference arm area array signal is compared with the threshold signal, a value which is greater than or equal to the threshold is set as a 0 value, and a value which is smaller than the threshold is set as an original value. And the signals of the detection arms are compared and set correspondingly, so that the low-pass filtering operation of the data is achieved. Of course, since the present system is to employ 50%: a 50% non-polarizing beam splitter is illustrated as an example, so the thresholds must be different and maintain a certain difference. If the splitting ratio of the beam splitter is not 50%: in 50% of cases, the filtering threshold value can also be set artificially according to specific situations, the filtering operation methods of the reference arm and the detection arm are the same, and even the threshold value can be obtained by adopting different methods.
The threshold filtering operation can also be performed in the optical path, and an optical intensity filter can be added in front of the beam splitter, or a filter can be added in the detection arm and the reference arm respectively. The detection arm can not use a detector with space resolution capability.
The method for generating the spatial anti-bunching phenomenon by adopting the correlation measurement system based on the low-pass filtering comprises the following steps:
1) synchronously carrying out exposure shooting for a certain time on the light field intensity distribution passing through the detection arm light path and the reference arm light path according to a certain time sequence, and sequentially accessing data output obtained by each exposure to corresponding low-pass filters, namely the detection arm low-pass filter and the reference arm low-pass filter;
2) respectively setting a proper threshold value for the reference arm spatial filter and the detection arm spatial filter according to the average value of the light field intensity and the maximum value of the instant light field; 3) Special care must be taken to ensure that the thresholds of the two arms are maintained at a certain difference, which is not equal or very close, to observe significant spatial anti-bunching. The threshold of one arm can be set to be generally less than the average of the intensity and the other arm to be greater than the average of the intensity; 4) the threshold value may be set randomly within a certain range as in the above 3). That is, for the light intensity distribution at each time point, when the filter threshold of the detection arm is randomly set to be smaller than the average value of the light intensity, the filter threshold of the reference arm is defined to be any value randomly set to be larger than the average value of the light intensity and smaller than the maximum value of the instantaneous light intensity. And vice versa. 5) According to a threshold value, performing low-pass filtering operation on the area array data signal obtained by each time sequence point sequentially through a reference arm low-pass filter and a detection arm low-pass filter; 6) the two groups of area array data obtained by the reference arm light path and the detection arm light path are processed according to the traditional thermo-optic correlation measurement principle and method, and then the space anti-bunching phenomenon can be observed.
The system and the method provided by the invention can observe the anti-bunching effect which is only possessed by a non-classical optical field, are a great supplement and promotion to the basic theory and the basic concept of quantum optics, and have important theoretical and experimental significance in the fields of quantum optics and quantum information. The method also has wide application value, and can be used for forming associated negative images with super-resolution capability, background-free super-resolution associated imaging, sub-wavelength interference and the like.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the examples and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the examples and steps have been described in general terms of their functionality in the foregoing description. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
Although the embodiment of the present invention only exemplifies the form of the light source being a thermal light source, the correlation measurement system of the present invention is also applicable to a scheme of natural light or artificial pseudo thermal light source subject to a thermal light statistical distribution.
Thus, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that while an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail herein, many other variations and modifications can be made, which are consistent with the principles of the invention, from the disclosure herein, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be understood and interpreted to cover all such other variations or modifications.
Claims (5)
1. A method for generating a spatial anti-bunching phenomenon is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) synchronously carrying out exposure shooting for a certain time according to a certain time sequence on the light field intensity passing through the detection arm light path and the light field intensity distribution of the reference arm light path, and sequentially accessing data output obtained by each exposure to corresponding filters, namely a reference arm filter (4-2) and a detection arm filter (4-1);
2) setting a threshold value for the reference arm filter (4-2) and the detection arm filter (4-1) respectively according to the average value of the light field intensity and the maximum value of the instant light field;
3) the obvious spatial anti-bunching phenomenon can be observed only by ensuring that the threshold values of the two arms are kept at a certain difference value and cannot be equal or very close to each other; setting the threshold of one arm to be less than the average light intensity value and the threshold of the other arm to be greater than the average light intensity value;
4) randomly setting the threshold value according to the original rules in the step 3); for the light intensity distribution of each time sequence point, when the filter threshold value of the detection arm is randomly set to be smaller than the average value of the light intensity, the filter threshold value of the reference arm is limited to be any value which is larger than the average value of the light intensity and smaller than the maximum value of the instant light intensity and is randomly set; vice versa;
5) according to a threshold value, performing low-pass filtering operation on the area array data signal obtained by each time sequence point sequentially through a reference arm filter (4-2) and a detection arm filter (4-1);
6) the two groups of data obtained by the reference arm light path and the detection arm light path are processed according to the traditional thermo-optic correlation measurement principle and method, so that the spatial anti-bunching phenomenon can be observed;
the generation system used in the method for generating the spatial anti-bunching phenomenon is as follows:
a light beam emitted by the light source (1) is divided into two paths by the non-polarization beam splitter (2), wherein one path is a detection arm light path, and the other path is a reference arm light path; a detection arm detector (3-1) is arranged in the detection arm light path, the detection arm detector (3-1) is used for sampling a light field intensity spatial distribution signal of the detection arm light path, and an output signal of the detection arm detector (3-1) is connected to a detection arm filter (4-1); an area array reference arm detector (3-2) with spatial resolution is arranged in the reference arm light path, the reference arm detector (3-2) is used for sampling a light field intensity distribution signal of the reference arm light path, and an output signal of the reference arm detector (3-2) is connected to a reference arm filter (4-2); and filtering signals output by the detection arm filter (4-1) and the reference arm filter (4-2) are connected to a coincidence measurement system (5).
2. A method for generating spatial anti-bunching phenomenon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source (1) is a thermal light source, a natural light or an artificial pseudo-thermal light source.
3. A method of generation of a spatial anti-bunching phenomenon as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the detection arm detector (3-1) and the reference arm detector (3-2) are a point detector and a CCD, EMCCD, ICCD or CMOS area array camera with spatial resolution, respectively.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the detection arm filter (4-1) and the reference arm filter (4-2) are each one of a mean filter, a median filter, a Lee local statistics adaptive filter, a Frost filter, a Sigma filter, a modified K-means adaptive filter, or a Gamma filter.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the spatial anti-bunching phenomenon is generated by: and the low-pass filtering operation adopts hardware filtering processing or software filtering processing.
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| CN107219638A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-29 | 辽宁大学 | Super-resolution relevance imaging system and imaging method based on LPF |
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| "关联成像的理论与实验研究";卢川;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库基础科学辑》;20100515(第5期);第一章至第四章 * |
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