CN110715546A - Electrode clamping arm and electric arc furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric arc furnace and an electrode clamping arm thereof, wherein the electrode clamping arm comprises a fixed segment, a rotating segment and a compensating segment, the rotating segment is hinged with the fixed segment, the axial direction of a hinged shaft is parallel to the vertical direction, the compensating segment is movably connected to the rotating segment, the moving direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating segment, and the front end of the compensating segment is provided with an electrode clamping mechanism. According to the invention, the electrode clamping arm is designed in a segmented manner, the rotating segment can rotate relative to the fixed segment, so that the phenomenon that the electrode is clamped by the traditional rigid clamping arm is avoided, when the electrode is collided by furnace burden or a furnace cover, the electrode can slightly deflect to buffer the force for unloading, the electrode is well protected, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged; in some modes, when the electrode is actively driven to rotate, the electrode clamping arm can better adapt to the requirement of the electrode rotation motion, and the smoothness of the electrode rotation and the use safety are ensured.

Description

Electrode clamping arm and electric arc furnace

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgical equipment, and particularly relates to an electrode clamping arm and an electric arc furnace comprising the same.

Background

An electric arc furnace is an electric furnace that utilizes the high temperature produced by an electrode arc to melt ores and metals. When the gas discharge forms an electric arc, the energy is concentrated, and the temperature of the arc area is more than 3000 ℃. For smelting metal, the electric arc furnace has greater process flexibility than other steel furnaces, can effectively remove impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus and the like, has easily controlled furnace temperature and small equipment floor area, and is suitable for smelting high-quality alloy steel.

The electric arc furnace can be divided into a three-phase electric arc furnace, a consumable electric arc furnace, a single-phase electric arc furnace, a resistance electric arc furnace and the like, wherein the three-phase electric arc furnace is widely used in the field of steel making and is a mainstream form existing in the current market.

In the electrode elevation adjustment operation, the elevation of the electrode is generally achieved by gripping the electrode by the electrode gripping arm and by controlling the elevation of the electrode gripping arm. At present, in the production of the traditional three-phase electric arc furnace, the position of an electrode is fixed, and the electrode is generally only lifted and lowered in the vertical direction after being clamped by an electrode clamping arm. However, in some cases, such as in the prior art, the furnace body is rotated relative to the furnace lid to change the position of the electrode in the molten bath, so as to eliminate the cold zone, and there may be cases where the unmelted material collides with the electrode or the furnace lid collides with the electrode (because the diameter of the electrode hole on the furnace lid is larger than that of the electrode); or when the lid deflects together with the electrode during the lid opening and charging operation, there may be a case where the lid collides with the electrode. These conditions can in turn lead to a reduction in the life of the electrodes, which affects the normal production of the electric arc furnace.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention relates to an electrode-holding arm and an electric arc furnace comprising the same, which solve at least some of the drawbacks of the prior art.

The invention relates to an electrode clamping arm which comprises a fixed section, a rotating section and a compensating section, wherein the rotating section is hinged with the fixed section, the axial direction of a hinged shaft is parallel to the vertical direction, the compensating section is movably connected to the rotating section, the moving direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating section, and an electrode clamping mechanism is arranged at the front end of the compensating section.

In one embodiment, the front end of the rotating segment is provided with a guide hole, and the rear end of the compensating segment is slidably arranged in the guide hole.

As one embodiment, the electrode clamping arm further includes a compensation elastic element, the compensation segment is of a stepped shaft structure, the small-section segment is slidably disposed in the guide hole, one end of the compensation elastic element abuts against the front end of the rotation segment, and the other end of the compensation elastic element abuts against a stepped surface of the compensation segment.

As one embodiment, the electrode clamping mechanism includes a clamping pressure head, a positioning ring and a pressure head driving unit disposed at the front end of the compensation segment, the positioning ring includes a circle-lacking portion for covering the electrode and two fixing limbs extended from the circle-lacking portion, the two fixing limbs are respectively fixed on the compensation segment, and the clamping pressure head is connected with the pressure head driving unit so as to be close to or far from the electrode in a channel between the two fixing limbs.

As one embodiment, the ram driving unit includes a hydraulic cylinder formed in a head of the compensation segment, a piston member slidably disposed in the hydraulic cylinder, and a piston driving structure for driving a piston of the piston member to slide in the hydraulic cylinder, wherein a piston rod of the piston member extends out of the compensation segment and is fixedly connected to the clamping ram.

As one embodiment, the piston driving structure includes a clamping elastic element disposed in a rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and an oil port disposed on a side wall of the compensation section and communicated with a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, and one end of the clamping elastic element abuts against the piston and the other end abuts against an end of the hydraulic cylinder far away from the corresponding electrode.

In one embodiment, the fixed segment, the rotating segment and the compensating segment are all electrically conductive segments.

As one embodiment, the electrode clamping arm is divided into a conductive segment and an insulating segment by an insulator, the conductive segment is connected with the electrode lifting driving mechanism, and the electrode clamping mechanism is arranged at the front end of the insulating segment; and the conductive segments are provided with conductive structures connected to the corresponding electrodes.

As one embodiment, the conductive structure includes a conductive arm and a sliding contact line, the conductive arm is connected to the conductive segment, a sliding contact guide rail of the sliding contact line is installed on the electrode, and a sliding contact block of the sliding contact line is fixed on the conductive arm.

The invention also relates to an electric arc furnace, which comprises a furnace body, a furnace cover and at least one electrode arranged on the furnace cover in a penetrating way, wherein each electrode is provided with the electrode clamping arm and an electrode lifting driving mechanism for driving the electrode clamping arm to lift.

The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

according to the electrode clamping arm provided by the invention, the arm body is designed in a segmented manner, the rotating segment can rotate relative to the fixed segment, the traditional rigid clamping arm is avoided for clamping an electrode, when the electrode is collided by furnace burden or a furnace cover, the electrode can slightly deflect to buffer the force, the electrode is well protected, and the service life of the electrode is prolonged. And the relative motion between the small regions of the electrode clamping arm is stable and accurate in action, has small influence on other equipment, and cannot influence the lifting driving action of the electrode lifting driving mechanism. And the design of the compensation section can further adapt to the position change of the electrode during the rotation motion, and the structural safety of the electrode and the electrode clamping arm is ensured. In addition, in some modes, when the electrode is actively driven to rotate, the electrode clamping arm can also better adapt to the requirement of the electrode rotation motion, and the smoothness of the electrode rotation and the use safety are ensured.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion N in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the portion M of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is another enlarged schematic view of the portion M in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of portion P of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an electrode rotation pattern of an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

The embodiment of the invention provides an electrode clamping arm 4, and the electrode clamping arm 4 is mainly used in an electric arc furnace and used for clamping an electrode 3, so that the electrode 3 can be conveniently lifted.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3 and 5 to 6, the electrode holding arm 4 includes a fixed section 41, a rotating section 42, and a compensating section 43. Generally, the fixed segment 41 is used to connect with the electrode lifting driving mechanism 5, and the electrode lifting driving mechanism 5 drives the fixed segment 41 to lift, so as to drive the electrode 3 to lift. The rotating section 42 is hinged with the fixed section 41, the hinge axis is parallel to the vertical direction, the compensating section 43 is movably connected to the rotating section 42, the moving direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating section 42, and an electrode clamping mechanism is arranged at the front end of the compensating section 43.

In the structure of the electrode holding arm 4, the rotating section 42 can rotate relative to the fixed section 41, so that the traditional rigid holding arm is avoided for holding the electrode 3, when the electrode 3 is collided by furnace burden or a furnace cover, the electrode 3 can slightly deflect to buffer the unloading force, the electrode 3 is well protected, and the service life of the electrode 3 is prolonged. And the electrode clamping arm 4 moves relatively in small areas, so that the action is stable and accurate, the influence on other equipment is small, and the influence on the lifting driving action of the electrode lifting driving mechanism 5 cannot be caused. The design of the compensation section 43 can further adapt to the position change of the electrode 3 during the rotation movement, and the structural safety of the electrode 3 and the electrode clamping arm 4 is ensured. In addition, in some modes, such as the arc furnace production in the following embodiment two, when the electrode 3 is actively driven to rotate, the electrode holding arm 4 can better adapt to the requirement of the rotation motion of the electrode 3, so as to ensure the smoothness of the rotation of the electrode 3 and the safety of the use.

The tip of the member in the present embodiment is the end of the member close to the electrode 3, and the same applies below.

The structure of the electrode holding arm 4 is further optimized, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the front end of the rotating section 42 is provided with a guide hole (not shown, not labeled), and the rear end of the compensating section 43 is slidably disposed in the guide hole, so that the stability and reliability of the movement of the compensating section 43 can be ensured through the structure, and meanwhile, the rotating section 42 realizes the limit support of the compensating section 43, that is, the support of the electrode holding mechanism, and thus the lifting driving effect of the electrode 3 is ensured.

It will be readily appreciated that the above-described compensating segment 43 can be automatically reset relative to the rotating segment 42, for example, its movement relative to the rotating segment 42 can be achieved by a linear drive device such as a pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder. In a preferred embodiment, the above-mentioned reciprocal movement of the compensation segment 43 with respect to the rotation segment 42 is achieved by means of elastic elements, in particular:

as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the electrode holding arm 4 further includes a compensation elastic element 44, the compensation section 43 has a stepped shaft structure, the small-section is slidably disposed in the guide hole, one end of the compensation elastic element 44 abuts against the front end of the rotation section 42, and the other end of the compensation elastic element 44 abuts against a stepped surface of the compensation section 43. Wherein the large cross-sectional dimension of the compensating segment 43 is preferably the same as the cross-sectional dimension of the rotating segment 42; the compensating elastic element 44 may obviously be an elastic member such as a compression spring, and more preferably, there are a plurality of compensating elastic elements 44, and each compensating elastic element 44 is disposed around the small-section of the compensating segment 43, i.e. annularly arranged along the circumferential direction of the step surface of the compensating segment 43, so as to ensure the stability of the linear motion of the compensating segment 43. Obviously, the spring force direction of the compensation spring element 44 (e.g. the axial direction of the compression spring) is parallel to the reciprocating direction of the compensation segment 43, i.e. parallel to the axial direction of the rotation segment 42, or, in other words, parallel to the length direction of the rotation segment 42.

Further preferably, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, a first spring guiding post (shown and not labeled) may be provided, and the first spring guiding post may be provided at the front end of the rotating segment 42, and correspondingly, a socket groove may be opened on the step surface of the compensating segment 43; or on the step surface of the compensation segment 43, and correspondingly, a socket slot can be arranged at the front end of the rotation segment 42; the compensation elastic element 44 is sleeved on the first spring guide post, and the first spring guide post is partially inserted into the socket slot, so that the accuracy, stability and reliability of the elastic acting force of the compensation elastic element 44 are ensured, and the accuracy and smoothness of the movement of the compensation section 43 relative to the rotating section 42 are also ensured.

It will be appreciated that the compensating spring element 44 is not limited to the above-described mounting arrangement, and that mounting thereof in a guide hole, for example, is also possible, and the specific mounting arrangement is omitted here.

The structure of the electrode clamping arm 4 is further optimized, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the electrode clamping mechanism includes a clamping pressure head 46, a positioning ring 45 and a pressure head driving unit arranged at the front end of the compensation section 43, the positioning ring 45 includes a circle-lacking portion covering the electrode 3 and two fixing limbs extending from the circle-lacking portion, the two fixing limbs are respectively fixed on the compensation section 43, and the clamping pressure head 46 is connected with the pressure head driving unit so as to be close to or far away from the electrode 3 in a channel between the two fixing limbs. In one embodiment, the clamping indenter 46 is also of a circle-lacking structure, the curvature of the clamping indenter is the same as that of the circle-lacking portion, and the sum of the central angles corresponding to the two parts can be equal to 360 ° or less than 360 °, so that the electrode 3 can be held tightly; in other embodiments, the clamping ram 46 is block-shaped or plate-shaped, i.e. bears tangentially against the electrode 3 in a plane, which, in cooperation with the above-mentioned rounded portion, likewise ensures the clamping effect on the electrode 3. Based on the structure of the positioning ring 45, the electrode 3 can be encircled and sleeved, and then the electrode 3 can be firmly clamped by matching with the clamping pressure head 46, so that the electrode 3 can be conveniently and stably lifted while the electrode 3 is adapted to the rotary motion.

As for the above-described ram driving unit, which functions to drive the clamping ram 46 closer to or away from the electrode 3, a conventional linear driving device such as an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or the like may be employed. In one embodiment, the ram drive unit includes a hydraulic cylinder (not shown) formed in the head of the compensating section 43, a piston member 47 slidably disposed in the hydraulic cylinder, and a piston drive structure for driving a piston of the piston member 47 to slide in the hydraulic cylinder, wherein a piston rod of the piston member extends out of the compensating section 43 and is fixedly connected to the clamping ram 46. By adopting the structure that the hydraulic cylinder barrel is arranged in the compensation section 43, the size and the weight of the electrode clamping arm 4 can be obviously reduced, the action is more flexible, and the operation energy consumption is correspondingly reduced. The piston can respectively realize the reciprocating sliding of the piston through hydraulic pressure, namely, the piston driving structure comprises two oil ports which are correspondingly formed on the side wall of the compensation section 43 and are respectively communicated with a rod cavity and a rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder barrel; in another embodiment, the sliding of the piston can also be realized by an elastic element, for example, the reciprocating sliding of the piston is realized by combining the elastic element and hydraulic pressure, wherein, preferably, the elastic element is located in the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the piston driving structure includes a clamping elastic element 48 located in the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and an oil port 431 opened on the side wall of the compensation section 43 and communicated with the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, so that the fail-safe design is realized by the reliable working performance of the clamping elastic element 48, thereby avoiding the major accident (for example, the electrode 3 falls off) when the hydraulic circuit fails, and ensuring the production safety and the equipment safety. Correspondingly, one end of the clamping elastic element 48 abuts against the piston and the other end abuts against one end of the hydraulic cylinder barrel far away from the electrode 3, similarly, a second spring guide post (shown in the figure and not labeled) can be arranged on the piston, an avoiding hole is formed in one end of the hydraulic cylinder barrel far away from the electrode 3, the clamping elastic element 48 is sleeved on the second spring guide post, and the second spring guide post can extend into the avoiding hole, so that the working stability and reliability of the clamping elastic element 48 are ensured. The holding elastic member 48 may obviously be an elastic member such as a compression spring.

It is further preferable that the electrode holding arm 4 not only serves as a device for holding and fixing the electrode 3, but also serves as a conductive arm for transmitting electric energy to the electrode 3, that is, the electrode holding arm 4 is a conductive arm, and the fixed section 41, the rotating section 42 and the compensating section 43 are all conductive sections, which is easily implemented by those skilled in the art, for example, the fixed section 41 is a conductive cross arm, through which the conductive cable 8 is connected, and the rotating section 42 and the compensating section 43 are made of corresponding conductive materials, which will not be described herein again. In another embodiment, the electrode holding portion is designed separately from the conductive portion, specifically, as shown in fig. 6, the electrode holding arm 4 is divided into a conductive segment and an insulating segment by an insulator 412, the conductive segment is connected to the electrode elevation driving mechanism 5, and the electrode holding mechanism is provided at the front end of the insulating segment; the conductive segments are provided with conductive structures connected to the corresponding electrodes 3; further preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the conductive structure includes a conductive arm 411 and a sliding contact line 49, the conductive arm 411 is connected to the conductive segment, a sliding contact guide rail of the sliding contact line 49 is installed on the electrode 3, a sliding contact block of the sliding contact line 49 is fixed on the conductive arm 411, the conductive structure can ensure that the sliding contact block is always in contact with the sliding contact guide rail when the electrode 3 rotates, the electric energy transmission is reliable and effective, and the condition that the electrode 3 is powered off due to poor electric contact between sections of the electrode clamping arm 4 when the electrode 3 rotates can be prevented. The insulator 412 is preferably provided on the fixed segment 41.

Example two

Referring to fig. 1 and 7, an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a furnace body 2, a furnace cover 1, and at least one electrode 3 penetrating through the furnace cover 1, where each electrode 3 is configured with an electrode clamping arm 4 and an electrode lifting driving mechanism 5 for driving the electrode clamping arm 4 to lift, and the electrode clamping arm 4 is preferably the electrode clamping arm 4 provided in the first embodiment, and a specific structure of the electrode clamping arm 4 is not described herein again.

Generally, the steelmaking electric arc furnace is provided with three electrodes 3, and the three electrodes 3 are uniformly arranged at intervals along the central axis of the furnace cover 1, namely, the central axis of the furnace cover 1 passes through the centers of the pole center circles corresponding to the three electrodes 3.

In an alternative embodiment, the furnace body 2 is connected to a furnace body rotation driving mechanism for driving the furnace body 2 to rotate around its own axis, so as to change the heating position of the electrode 3 in the molten pool.

In an alternative embodiment, the furnace cover 1 is connected with a furnace cover rotation driving mechanism for driving the furnace cover 1 to rotate around the axis thereof, and the electrode 3 can be driven by the furnace cover 1 to rotate so as to change the heating position of the electrode 3 in the molten pool. The rotary driving mechanism of the furnace cover can adopt a rotary driving device which is conventional in the prior art and is not described in detail herein.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 7, the furnace lid 1 includes a fixed lid 11 and a movable lid 12, the movable lid 12 is provided with at least one electrode through-mounting location, and the fixed lid 11 is provided with an electrode rotation driving mechanism for driving the movable lid 12 to rotate around its axis.

The fixed cover 11 and the movable cover 12 are joined together to form a furnace lid 1 that can close and seal the furnace body 2 of the electric arc furnace, i.e., an opening is formed in the fixed cover 11 for installing the movable cover 12, and the opening is closed by the movable cover 12.

It will be appreciated that the above-mentioned removable cover 12, which is rotatable about its axis, is preferably a circular/cylindrical cover or a conical/truncated cone cover. The overall shape of the fixed lid 11 is substantially the same as that of the conventional electric arc furnace lid except that the movable lid 12 is installed by opening, and the fixed lid is generally in the shape of a cone or a truncated cone. Generally, the electrode 3 is installed in the central area of the furnace cover 1 to ensure the uniformity of heating the furnace chamber, and the movable cover 12 is installed in the central/conical top area of the fixed cover 11, which is preferably coaxial with the fixed cover 11.

In general, the electric arc furnace for steel making is provided with three electrodes 3, i.e. three corresponding electrode mounting locations are provided, and the three electrode mounting locations are preferably arranged around the central axis of the movable lid 12 at regular intervals, i.e. the central axis of the movable lid 12 passes through the centers of the pole center circles corresponding to the three electrodes 3.

For the rotation of the movable cover 12, it is preferable to provide a guide structure on the fixed cover 11 to ensure the smoothness and accuracy of the rotation movement of the movable cover 12. For example, a structure is adopted in which the annular sliding guide rail 112 is engaged with an annular guide sliding groove, and in one embodiment, the annular sliding guide rail 112 is provided with an annular guide rail on the upper surface of the fixed cover 11, and an annular sliding groove is correspondingly provided on the bottom of the movable cover 12. In another preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, an annular supporting seat 111 is provided on the fixed cover 11 in a protruding manner, an annular wing guard plate 121 is provided on the outer edge of the movable cover 12 in a protruding manner, the movable cover 12 is supported on the supporting seat 111, and the wing guard plate 121 is sleeved outside the supporting seat 111 and a sliding guide structure is provided therebetween; based on this structure, support reliability and stability to the movable cover 12 are higher, when the electrode 3 rises to a certain height, through the above-mentioned annular supporting seat 111 and the cooperation of annular wing backplate 121 also can realize the support to movable cover 12 and electrode 3 better to the rotary motion of movable cover 12 and electrode 3 is more steady. The sliding guide structure can also adopt the structure of the annular sliding guide rail 112 and the annular guide sliding groove, that is, the sliding guide structure includes the annular sliding guide rail 112 which is convexly arranged on the outer ring of the support seat 111 and the annular guide sliding groove (shown and not marked) which is correspondingly formed on the inner wall of the wing protection plate 121, the guide sliding groove is slidably arranged on the sliding guide rail 112, the annular sliding guide rail 112 is coaxial with the support seat 111, and not only can guide the annular rotation motion of the wing protection plate 121, but also can further support the movable cover 12 and the electrode 3.

Further optimizing the structure, as shown in fig. 4, the supporting base 111 may be a seat body formed by pouring a refractory material, for example, integrally formed with a refractory material layer on the inner wall of the fixed cover 11, and the sliding guide 112 is mounted on the supporting base 111. The inner walls of the movable cover 12 and the wing guard 121 are also preferably provided with a refractory layer to ensure the service life thereof, and the movable cover 12 and the refractory layer are correspondingly provided with electrode through mounting holes, the diameter of the electrode through mounting holes is larger than that of the electrode 3, so that the electrode 3 can smoothly pass through the movable cover 12 and extend into the furnace body 2.

As for the above-mentioned electrode rotation driving mechanism, a conventional rotation driving manner can be adopted, in this embodiment, a rack and pinion driving manner is adopted, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 7, the electrode rotation driving mechanism includes a circular rack arranged on the outer edge of the movable cover 12, a transmission gear 132 arranged on the fixed cover 11, and a rotation driving unit 131 for driving the transmission gear 132 to rotate, and the transmission gear 132 is meshed with the circular rack. Wherein, for the movable cover 12 with the wing guard plate 121, the annular rack can be arranged on the wing guard plate 121; the rotation driving unit 131 may adopt a conventional driving device of a motor + a speed reducer, and the detailed structure thereof is not described herein.

The electric arc furnace that this embodiment provided, with bell 1 decompose into fixed lid 11 and movable lid 12 and set up movable lid 12 and can rotate for fixed lid 11 to movable lid 12 can drive electrode 3 and rotate together, can improve molten bath temperature distribution in the electric arc furnace effectively, makes the interior temperature of stove more even, improves the effect that the electric arc furnace was smelted, practices thrift the energy consumption, thereby can cancel the consumption of the energy such as natural gas of the nozzle of design on the conventional oven for example. The furnace cover 1 based on the split structure is easy to drive, relatively low in energy consumption and easy to control in rotation stability and precision due to the fact that the movable cover body 12 rotates; in addition, the rotation driving device can be arranged on the fixed cover 11 without occupying an additional space, and thus the device arrangement structure is compact.

As mentioned above, the diameter of the electrode mounting hole is generally larger than the diameter of the electrode 3, and the electrode 3 also needs to be able to be lifted or lowered at any time to adapt to the complex smelting environment in the furnace, so when the movable cover 12 rotates, it is necessary to relatively fix the electrode 3 and the movable cover 12 to avoid collision and interference between the two, and correspondingly, each electrode mounting position is provided with an electrode clamping mechanism for clamping the electrode 3 to make the electrode 3 rotate along with it.

In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the electrode clamping mechanism includes an electrode spring clamp 13, the electrode spring clamp 13 includes two clamps 131, each clamp 131 is a semicircular member and can clamp the corresponding electrode 3 after being spliced, one clamp 131 is fixed on the movable cover 12, the other clamp 131 is rotatably mounted on the movable cover 12 through a central shaft 132 with a torsion spring 133, so that the two clamps 131 can clamp the electrode 3 or release the electrode 3, the rotatable and automatic reset clamping of the members through the torsion spring 133 is a conventional technique, for example, one pin of the torsion spring 133 abuts against the clamp 131, the other pin abuts against a stop block beside the central shaft 132, and the stop block is arranged on the movable cover 12. It can be understood that the diameter of the inner ring of the circular hoop member formed by the two hoop clamps 131 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the electrode 3, and a good clamping effect can be achieved.

When the electrode 3 passes through the electrode through-mounting hole, because the diameter of the electrode 3 is larger than the inner ring diameter of the circular hoop member, the hoop clamp 131 provided with the torsion spring 133 rotates around the central shaft 132 to enlarge the inner ring diameter of the circular hoop member so as to facilitate the penetration of the electrode 3, and after the electrode 3 penetrates, the two hoop clamps 131 clamp the electrode 3 under the elastic force of the torsion spring 133; when the movable cover 12 rotates, the electrode 3 can be rotated along with it. When the two clamps 131 can clamp the electrode 3 to drive the electrode 3 to follow up, and the electrode 3 is lifted, the acting force applied to the electrode 3 by the electrode lifting driving mechanism 5 can overcome the clamping acting force of the two clamps 131 conveniently, so as to ensure the safety of the electrode 3, and the electrode 3 can be completed by the model selection of the torsion spring 133.

In other embodiments, it is obvious that the two clamps 131 can be driven by a power device such as a pneumatic/hydraulic cylinder to clamp or release the electrode 3 relatively, and will not be described in detail herein.

Further, since the diameter of the electrode 3 is larger than the inner ring diameter of the circular hoop member, the top of the inner ring of the hoop clamp 131 may be tapered from top to bottom, that is, the top of the inner ring of the circular hoop member is tapered from top to bottom, so as to facilitate the penetration and positioning of the electrode 3 and the application of force to rotate the hoop clamp 131 configured with the torsion spring 133 around the central shaft 132.

Furthermore, an electrical insulating block 122 is disposed on the movable cover 12, and the two clips 131 and the central shaft 132 with the torsion spring 133 are mounted on the electrical insulating block 122, so as to ensure the safety of the device. The electrically insulating block 122 also functions to: because the diameter of the electrode through mounting hole is larger than the diameter of the electrode 3, and the diameter of the circular hoop member is slightly smaller than the diameter of the electrode 3, the diameter of the circular hoop member is smaller than the diameter of the electrode through mounting hole, and the members such as the hoop clamp 131 and the like may be subjected to direct-surface molten pool heat radiation and thermal shock of high-temperature furnace gas, the electrical insulation block 122 can also play a role in heat insulation, so that the members such as the hoop clamp 131 and the like are well protected, and thus, in an optional embodiment, the electrical insulation block 122 can be made of refractory castable.

Further optimizing the structure of the arc furnace, the electrode elevating drive mechanism 5 is optimized as follows:

the electrode elevation driving mechanism 5 may employ a conventional elevation driving device. As a preferred structure of this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the electrode lifting driving mechanism 5 includes a lifting cylinder 51 and an electrode column 52, the electrode holding arm 4 is fixed at the top end of the electrode column 52, the electrode column 52 is a hollow cylindrical structure, the lifting cylinder 51 is accommodated in the hollow cavity of the electrode column 52, the output end of the lifting cylinder is connected to the inner wall of the electrode column 52, and the lifting cylinder 51 can drive the electrode column 52 to lift, thereby driving the corresponding electrode holding arm 4 to lift, that is, realizing the lifting of the electrode 3.

It is further preferred that the electric arc furnace further comprises a furnace lid swinging mechanism by which the furnace lid 1 and the electrode 3 are moved away from the furnace body 2 to facilitate charging into the furnace, and of course, the furnace lid 1 and the electrode 3 are returned to their original positions by the furnace lid swinging mechanism. As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the furnace lid swinging mechanism includes a swinging cylinder 63, the swinging cylinder 63 is hinged with a swinging base 61, and the furnace lid 1 is fixedly connected with the swinging base 61 through a swinging arm 62. By combining the electrode lifting driving mechanism 5, the electrode columns 52 and the lifting cylinder 51 can be arranged on the swinging seat 61, wherein the cylinder body of the lifting cylinder 51 is hinged on the swinging seat 61, a plurality of guide sliding sleeves 53 (generally corresponding to 3) are arranged on the swinging seat 61, and the electrode columns 52 are correspondingly arranged in the guide sliding sleeves 53 one by one, so that the stability of the lifting motion of the electrode columns 52 can be ensured. Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, the swing seat 61 is rotatably mounted on the workshop structure platform 7, and the rotatable mounting structure can refer to the rotatable engagement structure between the movable cover 12 and the fixed cover 11 in the first embodiment, which is not described in detail herein.

In the structure, the swinging arm 62 is arranged on the swinging seat 61, and the swinging arm 62 is connected with the furnace cover 1, so that the furnace cover 1 and the electrode 3 swing to one side of the furnace body 2 at the same time, and no relative position movement exists between the furnace cover 1 and the electrode 3, therefore, when the electrode 3 is inserted into the movable cover body 12 again, the phase of the movable cover body 12 does not need to be adjusted, the electrode 3 directly penetrates through the electrode penetrating installation hole on the movable cover body 12 through the electrode lifting driving mechanism 5, and the operation is convenient and flexible.

When the electric arc furnace works, an electrode rotating mode can be provided, as shown in fig. 8, a heating cold area is eliminated by rotating the electrode 3, namely the electrode 3 rotates to the cold area 3'; there may also be an electrode lift mode, i.e. long arc or short arc operation controlled by controlling the height of the electrode 3. The following control method can be specifically adopted:

(1) when the electric smelting is started after the charging, the reaction in the furnace is severe, the furnace condition is complex, the electrode 3 is lifted at any time according to the condition in the furnace, and the furnace burden is accumulated more at the moment and the electrode 3 cannot be rotated, so that the electrode rotation mode is closed at this moment and the electrode only works in the electrode lifting mode; wherein, the temperature in the furnace can be further supplemented by a burner arranged on the furnace wall, so that the melting of the furnace burden is accelerated;

(2) in the later stage of the melting period, the solid furnace burden is greatly reduced, the liquid level of the molten pool is raised, the furnace burden in the furnace does not influence the rotation of the electrode 3, in order to melt the furnace burden as soon as possible, the furnace temperature distribution needs to be rapidly improved and the integral temperature of the molten pool is promoted, the electrode lifting mode and the electrode rotating mode can be simultaneously started, and the single-phase electrode 3 can be lifted at any time while the three-phase electrode 3 synchronously rotates (the positions of the three-phase electrodes 3 are relatively fixed);

(3) the condition in the furnace is stable in the oxidation period, the electrode rotation mode smelting can be started, the temperature in the furnace is kept and uniformly distributed, and meanwhile, the electrode lifting mode can be started at any time according to the condition of the furnace.

It can be seen that different smelting modes are different in different stages of smelting, the furnace conditions are different, and the final goal is to reduce energy consumption as much as possible, shorten smelting time and obtain high-quality smelting products according to local conditions.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. An electrode clamping arm, its characterized in that: the electrode clamping device comprises a fixed section, a rotating section and a compensating section, wherein the rotating section is hinged with the fixed section, the axial direction of a hinged shaft is parallel to the vertical direction, the compensating section is movably connected to the rotating section, the moving direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rotating section, and an electrode clamping mechanism is arranged at the front end of the compensating section.

2. The electrode holding arm of claim 1, wherein: the front end of the rotating section is provided with a guide hole, and the rear end of the compensating section is slidably arranged in the guide hole.

3. The electrode holding arm of claim 2, wherein: the compensation device is characterized by further comprising a compensation elastic element, the compensation section is of a step shaft structure, the small-section is slidably arranged in the guide hole, one end of the compensation elastic element abuts against the front end of the rotating section, and the other end of the compensation elastic element abuts against the step surface of the compensation section.

4. The electrode holding arm of claim 1, wherein: electrode fixture includes centre gripping pressure head, holding ring and locates the pressure head drive unit who compensates the segmental front end, the holding ring is including entangling the semicircle portion of electrode and certainly two fixed limbs that the semicircle portion extended to draw forth, two fixed limbs are fixed respectively compensate on the segmental, thereby the centre gripping pressure head with pressure head drive unit connects two be close to or keep away from the electrode in the passageway between the fixed limb.

5. The electrode holding arm of claim 4, wherein: the pressure head driving unit comprises a hydraulic cylinder barrel formed in the head of the compensation section, a piston member arranged in the hydraulic cylinder barrel in a sliding mode and a piston driving structure used for driving a piston of the piston member to slide in the hydraulic cylinder barrel, and a piston rod of the piston member extends out of the compensation section and is fixedly connected with the clamping pressure head.

6. The electrode holding arm of claim 5, wherein: the piston driving structure comprises a clamping elastic element arranged in a rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder barrel and an oil port which is arranged on the side wall of the compensation section and is communicated with a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder barrel, wherein one end of the clamping elastic element is abutted against the piston and the other end of the clamping elastic element is abutted against one end of the hydraulic cylinder barrel, which is far away from the corresponding electrode.

7. The electrode gripping arm of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the fixed segment, the rotating segment and the compensating segment are all electrically conductive segments.

8. The electrode gripping arm of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the electrode clamping arm is divided into a conductive section and an insulating section by an insulator, the conductive section is connected with the electrode lifting driving mechanism, and the electrode clamping mechanism is arranged at the front end of the insulating section; and the conductive segments are provided with conductive structures connected to the corresponding electrodes.

9. The electrode holding arm of claim 8, wherein: the conductive structure comprises a conductive support arm and a sliding contact line, the conductive support arm is connected to the conductive section, a sliding contact guide rail of the sliding contact line is arranged on the electrode, and a sliding contact block of the sliding contact line is fixed on the conductive support arm.

10. The utility model provides an electric arc furnace, includes furnace body, bell and wears to locate at least an electrode on the bell, its characterized in that: each electrode is provided with an electrode holding arm according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and an electrode elevation driving mechanism for driving the electrode holding arm to elevate.

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