CN110714509B - Constant-current water replenishing system and method for river mouth and beach area of sediment-laden river - Google Patents
Constant-current water replenishing system and method for river mouth and beach area of sediment-laden river Download PDFInfo
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- CN110714509B CN110714509B CN201911120360.4A CN201911120360A CN110714509B CN 110714509 B CN110714509 B CN 110714509B CN 201911120360 A CN201911120360 A CN 201911120360A CN 110714509 B CN110714509 B CN 110714509B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a constant-current water replenishing system and method for a river mouth and beach area of a sediment-laden river, which comprises the following steps: the device comprises a reservoir, a constant-flow water discharging subsystem and an even outflow subsystem. The constant-flow water discharging subsystem can automatically adjust the height of the weir plate according to the water level change of the reservoir and maintain the constant water head on the weir, thereby keeping the flow constant. Meanwhile, the even outflow subsystem is matched, so that the water level can be kept to be even for flood plain with the set overflow depth. Therefore, manpower and material resources are effectively saved, the beach area water replenishing efficiency and benefit are improved, and the problems of beach area scouring erosion and small beach water replenishing coverage area caused by direct water drainage over beaches are solved. The system is simple to operate and high in automation degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological water supplement in a beach area, and particularly relates to a constant-current water supplement system and method for a river mouth and the beach area of a sediment-laden river.
Background
Delta, the estuary alluvial plain, is a common surface appearance. Impurities such as silt carried in the running river meet seawater with much higher salt content than fresh water at the sea entrance, flocculate and deposit to gradually become a new wetland at the river mouth shoreside, and further form the delta plain. The top of the delta points upstream of the river, with the outer edge facing the sea, and can be considered the "base" of the triangle.
With the development of economic society, flood control dams are built by a plurality of rivers going into the sea for flood control safety. Therefore, although the two banks of the river in the delta area are protected from the threat of flood, the beach area in the delta area loses the chance of flood, and the estuary beach is continuously salted under the action of increasingly evaporating and accumulating salt of seawater, so that the ecology of the beach area is continuously degraded.
At present, the water resource in China is in short supply, the most strict water resource management system is implemented, the available quantity of river water resources is subjected to the strict red line management system, under the condition that the current ecological civilization construction in China is promoted to be the national strategic requirement, under the large background of the water resource in short supply, the water resource needs to be reasonably regulated and controlled, and the ecological comprehensive benefit of the limited fresh water resources is promoted.
The improvement of the ecological of the visible beach area is a great challenge, the ecological water supplement of the beach area is always the key point of the research of the related field, and particularly the constant and uniform control of the output flow is difficult to realize. In order to realize the maximized ecological benefit by using limited water resources, solve the problem of salinization facing coastal areas such as yellow river delta at present and eliminate the problems of scouring, unstable outflow and the like existing in the current ecological water supplementing technology. The invention provides a constant-current water replenishing system and method for a river mouth and a beach area of a sediment-laden river, which can realize the scientific and efficient ecological water replenishing process of the beach area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the constant-flow water replenishing system and method for the estuary and beach areas of the sediment-laden rivers, provided by the invention, solve the problems of washout and unstable outflow in the existing ecological water replenishing technology.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a constant-flow water replenishing system for a river mouth and beach area of a sediment-laden river comprises a reservoir, a constant-flow water discharging subsystem and a uniform outflow subsystem;
the reservoir, the constant-flow water discharge subsystem and the uniform outflow subsystem are sequentially connected;
the reservoir has the functions of serving as a water source, settling sand and simulating an ecological lake;
the constant-flow water discharging subsystem is used for adjusting the outflow rate of the reservoir to realize constant-flow water discharging;
the uniform outflow subsystem is used for controlling the uniform outflow of the flood beach water quantity and keeping the water level to set the overflow depth to uniform the flood beach.
Furthermore, a water outlet is formed in one side of the reservoir and communicated with the constant-flow water discharging subsystem;
the constant-current water discharge subsystem comprises a water flow passageway, a solar power generation device, a plurality of ultrasonic water level meters, a controller, a stepping motor and a liftable cofferdam;
one end of the water flow passage is communicated with a water outlet of the reservoir, and the other end of the water flow passage is communicated with the uniform outflow subsystem;
the liftable cofferdam is arranged on the water flow passageway and separates the reservoir from the uniform outflow subsystem;
the ultrasonic water level meters are uniformly arranged above the liquid level of the water flow passage on the side, close to the water storage tank, of the liftable cofferdam;
the controller is in communication connection with the ultrasonic water level meters, the solar power generation device is electrically connected with the controller and the stepping motor respectively, and the controller is connected with the liftable cofferdam through the stepping motor.
Furthermore, the liftable cofferdam comprises a rectangular thin-wall weir, a chute, a plurality of balls and a rotating gear;
the chute is arranged below the water flow passage, one end of the rectangular thin-wall weir is arranged in the chute in a lifting manner, and the other end of the rectangular thin-wall weir is arranged in the water flow passage;
the width of the rectangular thin-wall weir is larger than that of the water flow passage and is in seamless contact with the water flow passage;
the surface of one side, which is contacted with the water flow passage, of the rectangular thin-wall weir is arranged to be in a sawtooth shape matched with the rotating gear, and the surface of the other side, which is opposite to the rotating gear, of the rectangular thin-wall weir is flat;
the rotating gear is meshed with the surface of one sawtooth-shaped side of the rectangular thin-wall weir, and the center of the rotating gear is connected with a rotating shaft of the stepping motor;
the ball bearings are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the sliding chute, and the contact part of the top end of the sliding chute and the rectangular thin-wall weir is movably and hermetically connected through a slidable rubber sheet.
Further, the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir is smaller than that of the sliding chute, and the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir is the same as that of a cofferdam of the reservoir.
Further, the uniform outflow subsystem comprises an overflow tank and an arc-shaped water passing baffle;
the section of the overflow pool is semicircular, the top of one end of the overflow pool is flush with and seamlessly connected with the top of the other end of the water flow passageway, and the end part of the other end of the overflow pool is smoothly connected with one end of a beach area to be replenished;
one end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle is fixedly arranged in the overflow tank, the other end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle is suspended in the overflow tank, and the open end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle faces the side of the liftable cofferdam.
Furthermore, a plurality of water passing holes are uniformly formed in the arc-shaped water passing baffle.
Further, the model of the ultrasonic water level gauge is PWCST60 KB;
the controller is a computer.
A constant-current water replenishing method for a river mouth and beach area of a sediment-laden river comprises the following steps:
s1, determining whether the working state of the water replenishing system is a flood plain state or an interception state according to the actual water quantity condition of the beach area to be replenished;
if the state is the flood plain state, the step S2 is entered;
if the interception status is the interception status, go to step S6;
s2, determining the discharge water depth of the uniform outflow subsystem according to the actual situation of the beach area to be replenished, further determining the water replenishing parameters of the constant-flow water discharging subsystem, and entering the step S3;
s3, monitoring the water level before the current weir in real time through the ultrasonic water level monitor, transmitting the water level to the controller, and entering the step S4;
s4, adjusting the control parameters of the controller at the controller side according to the determined water replenishing parameters of the constant-flow water discharging subsystem and the current water level in front of the weir, so that the controller controls the rectangular thin-wall weir to move up and down, and entering the step S5;
s5, in the process that the rectangular thin-wall weir moves up and down, keeping the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir lower than a constant value of the water level before the current weir, and enabling the water head on the current weir to be always kept at a constant set value, so that water in the reservoir is enabled to flow into the uniform outflow subsystem in a constant flow manner, and constant-flow uniform water supplement in the beach area is achieved;
the weir water head is the height from the topmost end of the rectangular thin-wall weir to the water surface of the water flow passageway;
s6, monitoring the water level before the current weir in real time through the ultrasonic water level monitor, transmitting the water level to the controller, and entering the step S7;
and S7, adjusting control parameters of the controller according to the received current water level before the weir at the controller side to control the movement of the rectangular thin-wall weir, and enabling the height of the moved rectangular thin-wall weir to be always higher than the constant value of the current water level before the weir, so that water in the reservoir cannot flow out, and water storage is realized.
Further, in the step S2, the constant-flow discharge subsystem discharges the discharge water at a depth hOutflowThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
houtflow＝K*t+hEvaporation of
Wherein K is the permeability coefficient;
t is the time for the water in the uniform outflow subsystem to reach the ocean,
l is the distance from the uniform outflow subsystem to the ocean, and v is the flow velocity;
hevaporation ofIs the evaporation capacity;
the water supplementing parameter of the uniform outflow subsystem comprises single-width outflow qOutflowAnd the outflow Q of the constant-flow water discharge subsystem;
said single wide outflow qOutflowComprises the following steps:
qoutflow＝m0(2g)1/2H3/2
In the formula, m0The flow coefficient including the influence of the near flow velocity water head is obtained;
g is the acceleration of gravity;
h is the current weir water head, and H is 0.1-0.6;
the flow rate Q of the constant-flow water discharge subsystem is as follows:
Q＝m0b(2g)1/2H3/2
in the formula, b is the width of the rectangular thin-wall weir, and b is 0.2-2.0.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a constant-current water replenishing system and method for a river estuary and beach area of a sediment-laden river, which can realize automatic adjustment of the height of a weir plate according to the water level change of a reservoir and maintain the constant water head on a weir, thereby keeping the constant flow. Meanwhile, the even outflow subsystem is matched, so that the water level can be kept to be even for flood plain with the set overflow depth. Therefore, manpower and material resources are effectively saved, the beach area water replenishing efficiency and benefit are improved, and the problems of beach area scouring erosion and small beach water replenishing coverage area caused by direct water drainage flood beach are avoided; the system is simple to operate and high in automation degree.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a constant-flow water replenishing system structure of a river mouth and beach area of a sediment-laden river provided by the invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the structure of the constant-current water replenishing system for the estuary beach area of the sediment-laden river provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a constant-flow water discharging subsystem provided by the invention.
Figure 4 is a front view of the liftable cofferdam structure provided by the present invention,
fig. 5 is a side view of the liftable cofferdam structure provided by the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a uniform outflow subsystem provided by the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of the constant-current water replenishing method for the estuary beach area of the sediment-laden river provided by the invention.
Wherein: 1. a reservoir; 2. a constant-flow water discharging subsystem; 3. a uniform outflow subsystem; 4. a beach area; 21. an ultrasonic water level gauge; 22. a rectangular thin-wall weir; 23. a chute; 24. a water flow passageway; 25. a ball bearing; 26. a rotating gear; 27. a stepping motor; 28. a controller; 29. a solar power generation device; 31. an arc-shaped water passing baffle; 32. an overflow tank; 33. and (5) passing through the water holes.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1-2, a constant-flow water charging system for a silt-laden river estuary beach area comprises a reservoir 1, a constant-flow water discharging subsystem 2 and an even outflow subsystem 3;
the reservoir 1, the constant-flow water discharge subsystem 2 and the uniform outflow subsystem 3 are connected in sequence;
the reservoir 1 has the functions of serving as a water source, settling sand and simulating an ecological lake;
the constant-flow water discharging subsystem is used for adjusting the flow rate of the reservoir 1 to realize constant-flow water discharging;
the uniform outflow subsystem 3 is used for controlling the uniform outflow of the flood beach water quantity and keeping the water level to set the overflow depth to uniform the flood beach.
The constant-flow water discharging subsystem in the embodiment of the invention utilizes the ultrasonic water level meter 21 to monitor the water level in real time, controls the stepping motor 27 to adjust the height of the cofferdam, further adjusts the flow rate of the reservoir 1, ensures that the water head on the current weir is always at a constant value, and realizes constant-flow water discharging to the beach area 4.
The uniform outflow subsystem 3 in the embodiment of the present invention is substantially a flood bank pool, and is used for controlling the flood bank water amount to flow out uniformly, and keeping the water level to be at a set overflow depth to uniformly flood the flood bank.
Example 2:
a water outlet is formed in one side of the reservoir 1 in the embodiment 1 and is communicated with the constant-flow water discharging subsystem;
as shown in fig. 3, the constant-flow water discharging subsystem comprises a water flow passage 24, a solar power generation device 29, a plurality of ultrasonic water level meters 21, a controller 28, a stepping motor 27 and a liftable cofferdam;
one end of the water flow passage 24 is communicated with the water outlet of the reservoir 1, and the other end of the water flow passage is communicated with the uniform outflow subsystem 3; the liftable cofferdam is arranged on the water flow passage 24 to separate the reservoir 1 from the uniform outflow subsystem 3; the ultrasonic water level meters 21 are uniformly arranged above the liquid level of a water flow passage 24 on the side of the liftable cofferdam close to the reservoir 1; the controller 28 is in communication connection with the ultrasonic water level meters 21, the solar power generation device 29 is respectively and electrically connected with the controller 28 and the stepping motor 27, and the controller 28 is connected with the liftable cofferdam through the stepping motor 27.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the solar power generation device 29 collects solar energy in an effective time by using a solar panel, converts the solar energy into electric energy, and stores the electric energy in the storage battery to supply power to the ultrasonic water level gauge 21, the controller 28 and the stepping motor 27.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic water level meters 21 are used for collecting the water level in front of the weir in real time, the collection frequency is 1-50 times/second, water level signals on the water flow passage 24 are collected by the plurality of ultrasonic water level meters 21 and transmitted to the controller 28, the water level signals are converted into the height of the water level in front of the weir, the average value of the height of the water level in front of the weir is obtained, and the influence of weather such as wind, rain and the like on water surface fluctuation is eliminated through filtering and noise reduction treatment of the controller 28, so that the accuracy of monitoring the.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the controller 28 adjusts the working status of the water charging system, including the flood status and the interception status, according to the current beach area 4 status, and the total water level H4 before the weir is not lower than the dead water level H3 in both the working statuses. For the flood plain state, the rotation of the stepping motor 27 is controlled through the water level in front of the weir obtained by monitoring the ultrasonic water level meter 21 so as to adjust the height of the liftable cofferdam in real time, so that the height of the weir is always lower than the water level in front of the weir, the water head on the weir is kept consistent with a set value, the water in the reservoir 1 is ensured to enter the uniform outflow subsystem 3 and uniformly flow into the beach area 4, and the constant-current uniform water supplement of the beach area 4 is realized; meanwhile, the stepping motor 27 is controlled to rotate every 5-10 minutes according to the monitored current water level height, so that the height of the cofferdam is adjusted, a water head on the cofferdam is always kept at a set value, and the precision of constant-flow water discharging and uniform outflow of a water supplementing system is improved. For the interception state, when the rainfall is more abundant or the water amount of the beach area 4 is sufficient and manual water supplement is not needed, the system can be set to the interception state, and in the interception state, the controller 28 controls the stepping motor 27 to work to change the height of the liftable cofferdam to be higher than the constant value of the water level in front of the weir, at the moment, the water in the impounding reservoir 1 cannot flow out, and the functions of water storage, sand settling and the like are realized; similarly, the controller 28 controls the rotation of the stepping motor 27 every 5-10 minutes according to the monitored current water level height before the weir, so as to ensure that the system is always in an intercepting state.
The stepping motor 27 in the embodiment of the invention plays a role in controlling the height of the liftable cofferdam, is connected with the liftable cofferdam through the rotating gear 26, and controls the height of the cofferdam according to the output signal of the controller 28 so as to realize the flood plain or interception.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 4-5, the liftable cofferdam of the above embodiment 2 comprises a rectangular thin-wall weir 22, a chute 23, a plurality of balls 25 and a rotating gear 26;
the sliding groove 23 is arranged below the water flow passage 24, one end of the rectangular thin-wall weir 22 is arranged in the sliding groove 23 in a lifting manner, and the other end of the rectangular thin-wall weir is arranged in the water flow passage 24;
the rectangular thin-walled weir 22 is wider than the water flow passageway 24 and is in seamless contact; the surface of one side of the rectangular thin-wall weir 22, which is contacted with the water flow passage 24, is arranged to be in a sawtooth shape matched with the rotating gear 26, and the surface of the other side opposite to the surface is flat;
the rotating gear 26 is meshed on the surface of one sawtooth-shaped side of the rectangular thin-wall weir 22, and the center of the rotating gear 26 is connected with a rotating shaft of the stepping motor 27;
the balls 25 are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the chute 23, and the contact part of the top end of the chute 23 and the rectangular thin-wall weir 22 is movably and hermetically connected through a slidable rubber sheet;
the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir 22 is lower than that of the chute 23, and the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir 22 is the same as that of the cofferdam of the reservoir 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, one side of the rectangular thin-wall weir 22, which is contacted with the water flow passageway 24, is provided with a sawtooth shape matched with the rotating gear 26, and when the stepping motor 27 works, the rotating shaft drives the rotating gear 26 to rotate so as to move the sawtooth-shaped side matched with the rotating gear 26 and drive the whole rectangular thin-wall weir 22 to move up and down; therefore, the rectangular thin-wall weir 22 can be adjusted to move up and down by controlling the rotation of the stepping motor 27, so that the constant and uniform outflow of the reservoir 1 can be accurately controlled; the contact part of the top end of the sliding chute 23 and the rectangular thin-wall weir 22 is movably and hermetically connected through a slidable rubber sheet, so that water in the reservoir 1 is prevented from entering the clamping groove when passing through the thin-wall weir, and the normal work of the liftable cofferdam is prevented from being influenced; the balls 25 are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the sliding chute 23, so that the rectangular thin-wall weir 22 can smoothly move up and down in the sliding chute 23, the friction between the rectangular thin-wall weir 22 and the inner wall of the clamping groove is reduced, and the service life of the liftable cofferdam is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 6, the uniform outflow subsystem 3 of the above embodiment 3 comprises an overflow tank 32 and a curved water passing baffle 31;
the cross section of the overflow tank 32 is semicircular, the top of one end of the overflow tank 32 is flush with and seamlessly connected with the top of the other end of the water flow passage 24, and the end part of the other end of the overflow tank 32 is smoothly connected with one end of the beach area 4 to be replenished; one end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle 31 is fixedly arranged in the overflow tank 32, the other end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle is suspended in the overflow tank 32, the open end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle 31 faces the side of the liftable cofferdam, and a plurality of overflow holes 33 which are convenient for water flow to pass through are uniformly arranged on the arc-shaped overflow baffle.
After water in the reservoir 1 enters the uniform outflow subsystem 3 through the constant-flow water discharge subsystem 2 in a constant flow manner, inflowing water firstly enters the front half section of the uniform outflow subsystem, water flow is rapidly and uniformly distributed on two sides, one part of water enters the rear half section of the uniform outflow subsystem through the arc-shaped water passing baffle plate hole, the other part of water overflows the arc-shaped water passing baffle plate and enters the rear half section of the uniform outflow subsystem, and then the water flow uniformly enters the beach area 4, so that constant-flow uniform water supplement of the beach area 4 is realized; the arc-shaped water passing baffle 31 divides the overflow tank 32 into two parts, the opening side of the arc-shaped water passing baffle 31 and the overflow tank 32 form the front half section of the uniform outflow subsystem, and the closed side of the arc-shaped water passing baffle 31 and the overflow tank 32 form the rear half section of the uniform outflow subsystem.
The model of the ultrasonic water level gauge 21 is PWCST60KB, the measuring range of the ultrasonic water level gauge is 0.25-5.00 m, and the ultrasonic water level gauge has the advantages of wide measuring range, good corrosion resistance, high sensitivity and high measuring precision, can work in a weak acid-base environment, and can well meet the requirements of engineering.
The controller 28 is a computer and is used for processing the water level signal monitored by the ultrasonic water level meter 21, acquiring the real-time water level before the weir, and controlling the rotation frequency of the stepping motor 27 according to the real-time water level signal to realize the accurate control of the movement of the liftable cofferdam. (ii) a
The solar power generation device 29 is composed of a solar photovoltaic module, a solar energy storage battery, an integrated solar control box, a mounting bracket and a matching mounting piece. The solar power generation device is basically of a general structure, is flexible to combine and can be assembled automatically according to needs, the solar photovoltaic component can adopt HT-S130-12M, the solar energy storage battery can adopt an HT-6-CN-200 type high-density colloid storage battery, the integrated solar control box can adopt HT-K-20A, and the solar power generation device aims to provide energy guarantee for the ultrasonic water level meter, the controller, the stepping motor and the like.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 7, the invention also provides a constant-flow water replenishing method for the estuary and beach area of the sediment-laden river, which comprises the following steps:
s1, determining whether the working state of the water replenishing system is a flood plain state or an interception state according to the actual water quantity condition of the beach area to be replenished;
if the state is the flood plain state, the step S2 is entered;
if the interception status is the interception status, go to step S6;
s2, determining the discharge water depth of the constant-flow water discharge subsystem according to the actual situation of the beach area to be replenished, further determining the water replenishing parameters of the uniform outflow subsystem, and entering the step S3;
s3, monitoring the water level before the current weir in real time through the ultrasonic water level monitor, transmitting the water level to the controller, and entering the step S4;
s4, adjusting the control parameters of the controller at the controller side according to the determined water replenishing parameters of the uniform outflow subsystem and the current water level in front of the weir, so that the controller controls the rectangular thin-wall weir to move up and down, and entering the step S5;
s5, in the process that the rectangular thin-wall weir moves up and down, keeping the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir lower than a constant value of the water level before the current weir, and enabling the water head on the current weir to be always kept at a constant set value, so that water in the reservoir is enabled to flow into the uniform outflow subsystem in a constant flow manner, and constant-flow uniform water supplement in the beach area is achieved;
the weir water head is the height from the topmost end of the rectangular thin-wall weir to the water surface of the water flow passageway;
s6, monitoring the water level before the current weir in real time through the ultrasonic water level monitor, transmitting the water level to the controller, and entering the step S7;
and S7, adjusting control parameters of the controller according to the received current water level before the weir at the controller side to control the movement of the rectangular thin-wall weir, and enabling the height of the moved rectangular thin-wall weir to be always higher than the constant value of the current water level before the weir, so that water in the reservoir cannot flow out, and water storage is realized.
After water in the reservoir enters the uniform outflow subsystem at a constant flow in the step S5 of the embodiment of the invention, the water flowing through the weir flows through the overflow tank and encounters the arc-shaped water passing baffle to form rolling, so that the kinetic energy of the water is eliminated, the inflowing water is uniformly distributed in the front half section of the uniform outflow subsystem, then the water passing through the arc-shaped water passing baffle fills the rear half section of the uniform outflow subsystem, finally the water entering the rear half section overflows the rear half section of the uniform outflow subsystem and uniformly enters the beach area, and the constant flow uniform water supplement of the beach area is realized; wherein, the arc crosses the water baffle and separates into two parts with the overflow pond, and the arc crosses the opening side of water baffle and overflow pond and forms the first half section of even outflow subsystem, and the arc crosses the water baffle's closed side and overflow pond and forms the back half section of even outflow subsystem. A plurality of water passing holes are uniformly formed in the arc-shaped water passing baffle, so that water can conveniently flow out.
In step S2 of the embodiment of the present invention, the tapping depth h of the fluid-discharging subsystem is equalizedOutflowThe determination process specifically comprises the following steps:
setting the distance from the uniform outflow subsystem to the ocean to be L, the hydraulic slope drop of the beach area to be i, the roughness to be n and the permeability coefficient to be K;
the calculation is carried out according to the talent calculation formula as follows:
wherein V is the flow velocity, m/s; c is a metabolic factor; r is hydraulic radius, m; j ═ i;
the time for the water in the uniform outflow subsystem to reach the ocean is:
wherein t is time, s; l is the slope length, m; v is the flow velocity, m/s;
the evaporation amount is set to h in consideration of evaporationEvaporation ofThe instantaneous release water depth hOutflowComprises the following steps:
houtflow＝K*t+hEvaporation of (3)
Substituting the specific size of the beach area and other parameters into the formulas (1), (2) and (3) for trial calculation, wherein R is approximate to hOutflowGiven an R, determine an hOutflowAfter calculation, when R and h areOutflowWhen the water depth is basically equal, the effluent water depth is determined to be hOutflow。
The water replenishing parameters of the constant-flow water discharging subsystem comprise single-width outflow qOutflowAnd the outflow Q of the constant-flow water discharge subsystem, wherein the outflow Q is single wideOutflowThe determination method specifically comprises the following steps:
based on the structure of the uniform outflow subsystem in the embodiment of the invention, the flow formula of the open channel is adopted for calculating the flow of the flood plain, and the calculation is as follows:
in the formula, QOutflowIs an outflowFlow rate, m3S; a is the cross-sectional area of water passing, m2S; x is the wet week, m;
obtaining single wide outflow q of constant flow discharge subsystemOutflowComprises the following steps:
the method for determining the output flow Q of the constant-flow water discharge subsystem comprises the following steps:
the liftable adopts the weir formula for the weir, and its weir head is H, freely outflows for the weir, and rectangle thin wall weir manger plate width equals with rivers passageway width, does not have the side direction shrink force, adopts the formula promptly:
Q＝mb(2g)1/2H0 3/2 (6)
in the formula, m is a flow coefficient; b is the width m of the rectangular thin-wall weir; g is the acceleration of gravity, m/s2；H0Full head on weir, m;
in order to calculate the flow by using the weir crest H conveniently, the influence of the near flow velocity crest in the formula (6) can be integrated into the flow coefficient m and considered together, namely the formula (6) is rewritten as follows:
Q＝m0b(2g)1/2H3/2 (7)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
m in the formula (8)0The flow coefficient including the influence of the near flow head can be calculated according to the praise empirical formula:
in the formula, p1M is the upstream weir height;
in the above calculation process, the application range of some parameters is:
weir water head: h is 0.1-0.6, namely the constant current set value range of the weir water head is required to be kept in the step S5;
and (3) width of the weir: b is 0.2-2.0;
H/p1≤2；
that is, the discharge water flow rate Q ═ m is obtained0b(2g)1/2H3/2；
Single wide discharge flow qOutflow＝m0(2g)1/2H3/2。
Based on the process, when the working parameters of the ecological water replenishing system are determined:
the single-width discharge flow of the constant-flow discharge subsystem is Q, when the width of the overflowing weir is b, the discharge flow is Q, and the single-width outflow of the uniform outflow subsystem is QOutflowAccording to the law of conservation of material, the corresponding relation is determined that Q/Q can be realized when the overflowing weir width is bOutflowThe water is uniformly supplemented in the wide beach area, and the width of the beach area can be combined according to the actual requirement, and every Q/QOutflowAnd (3) constructing a gate with the width of the overflowing weir being b, and realizing the full coverage of water supplement in the whole beach area. And other parameters such as the weir width, the weir water head and the like can be flexibly adjusted according to specific requirements, and a new corresponding proportional relation is determined again.
The method for constant-current water supplement of the estuary and beach area of the sediment-laden river is carried out under the condition that all parameters of the beach area to be supplemented are determined; therefore, the actual condition of the beach area to be replenished with water can be determined by the method, and the parameters of the water replenishing system are obtained by calculation according to the actual condition, so that the constant-current uniform water replenishing of the beach area is realized.
Example 5:
the embodiment of the invention provides a concrete example of water replenishing in a beach area by using the water replenishing system and the method of the invention:
determining the depth of the drainage water:
aiming at the yellow river delta beach land, the parameters of the beach area are as follows: the distance L from the uniform outflow subsystem to the ocean is 3500m, the hydraulic slope i of the beach area is 1/10000, the roughness n is 0.025, the permeability parameter K is 0.005m/d, the parameters are substituted into the above formulas (1), (2) and (3), trial calculation is carried out, and one R is given to determine one hOutflowThrough multiple calculations, when R is 0.0175, v is 0.026962m/s, t is 129812m, and the error is 6%, so that the requirement is met; namely setting the depth h of the discharged waterOutflowIs 0.0175 m.
Determine single wide outflow:
designing the overflow water depth h with the roughness coefficient n of 0.025 and i of 1/10000Outflow0.0175m, substituted into formula (5), and the single-wide flow rate q of the flood plain can be obtainedOutflowIs 0.0005m2/s；
Determining the outflow of the constant-flow water discharge subsystem:
the weir upper water head H of the constant-flow drainage subsystem is constantly 0.1m, various parameters of the rectangular thin-wall weir are verified, the width b of the outflow weir is 1.0m, and H/P1Is 0.09 to 0.33, is applied to the empirical formula (7), is substituted into the formula (9) to calculate the water discharge flow, and has the following parameters:
namely, the flow rate of the constant-flow water discharging subsystem is 0.0607-0.0626 m3And s. The error range between the maximum flow and the minimum flow is 3 percent, and the water discharge flow Q is 0.0607m3/s.
Determining working parameters of the ecological water replenishing system:
the working flow Q of the known constant-flow water discharging subsystem is 0.0607m3S, single wide flow q of uniform outflow subsystemOutflowIs 0.0005m2And/s, according to the law of conservation of substances, the corresponding relation is as follows: the single-width constant-flow water discharge subsystem corresponds to a 121m uniform outflow subsystem, namely 1:121, can realize uniform water replenishment in a 121m wide beach area when the overflow weir width is 1m, and has an outflow flow of 0.0605m3And/s is slightly lower than the working flow of the constant-flow water discharge subsystem, and the flow of the constant-flow water discharge subsystem can always meet the flow requirement of the uniform outflow subsystem. According to the actual requirement, a single-width overflow gate can be built every 121m by combining the width of the beach area, and the full coverage of water supplement of the whole beach area is realized.
The operation process of the water replenishing system is as follows:
and setting the overall parameters of the system according to the calculation result, and mainly working for adjusting the weir water head. Set for the controller parameter, the control room is according to the average weir water level of ultrasonic wave fluviograph monitoring, and output command signal automated adjustment step motor rotates, during the flood plain state: the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir is always lower than the upper water level of the weir by 0.1m, so that constant outflow is realized; when in an interception state: the weir height of the rectangular thin-wall weir is 0.1m higher than the water level in front of the weir, and the water quantity is stored. The water passing through the constant-flow water discharge subsystem enters the uniform outflow subsystem, the energy dissipation of rolling is carried out in the overflow pool, the water rapidly spreads over two sides of the overflow pool, one part enters the rear half section of the uniform outflow subsystem through the arc-shaped water passing baffle hole, and the other part passes through the arc-shaped water passing baffle and enters the rear half section of the uniform outflow subsystem. And finally, the water passing through the uniform outflow subsystem flows to the beach with the thickness of 0.0175m, so that uniform water supplement to the beach area is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a constant-current water replenishing system and method for a river estuary and beach area of a sediment-laden river, which can realize automatic adjustment of the height of a weir plate according to the water level change of a reservoir and maintain the constant water head on a weir, thereby keeping the constant flow. Meanwhile, the even outflow subsystem is matched, so that the water level can be kept to be even for flood plain with the set overflow depth. Therefore, manpower and material resources are effectively saved, the beach area water replenishing efficiency and benefit are improved, and the problems of beach area scouring erosion and small beach water replenishing coverage area caused by direct water drainage over beaches are solved. The system is simple to operate and high in automation degree.
Claims (4)
1. A constant-flow water replenishing system for a silt-laden river estuary and beach area is characterized by comprising a reservoir (1), a constant-flow water discharging subsystem (2) and a uniform outflow subsystem (3);
the reservoir (1), the constant-flow water discharge subsystem (2) and the uniform outflow subsystem (3) are connected in sequence;
the reservoir (1) has the functions of serving as a water source, settling sand and simulating an ecological lake;
the constant-flow water discharging subsystem is used for adjusting the flow rate of the reservoir (1) to realize constant-flow water discharging;
the uniform outflow subsystem (3) is used for controlling the uniform outflow of the flood plain water quantity and keeping the water level to set the overflow depth to uniformly flood the flood plain;
a water outlet is formed in one side of the reservoir (1) and is communicated with the constant-flow water discharging subsystem;
the constant-flow water discharging subsystem comprises a water flow passageway (24), a solar power generation device (29), a plurality of ultrasonic water level meters (21), a controller (28), a stepping motor (27) and a liftable cofferdam;
one end of the water flow passage (24) is communicated with a water outlet of the reservoir (1), and the other end of the water flow passage is communicated with the uniform outflow subsystem (3);
the liftable cofferdam is arranged on the water flow passage (24) and separates the reservoir (1) from the uniform outflow subsystem (3);
the ultrasonic water level meters (21) are uniformly arranged above the liquid level of a water flowing channel (24) on the side of the liftable cofferdam close to the reservoir (1);
the controller (28) is in communication connection with the ultrasonic water level meters (21), the solar power generation device (29) is electrically connected with the controller (28) and the stepping motor (27) respectively, and the controller (28) is connected with the liftable cofferdam through the stepping motor (27);
the liftable cofferdam comprises a rectangular thin-wall weir (22), a sliding chute (23), a plurality of balls (25) and a rotating gear (26);
the sliding groove (23) is arranged below the water flow passage (24), one end of the rectangular thin-wall weir (22) is arranged in the sliding groove (23) in a lifting manner, and the other end of the rectangular thin-wall weir is arranged in the water flow passage (24);
the width of the rectangular thin-wall weir (22) is larger than that of the water flowing channel (24), and the rectangular thin-wall weir is in seamless contact with the water flowing channel;
the surface of one side of the rectangular thin-wall weir (22) contacted with the water flow channel (24) is arranged to be in a sawtooth shape matched with the rotating gear (26), and the surface of the other side opposite to the surface is flat;
the rotating gear (26) is meshed with the surface of one sawtooth-shaped side of the rectangular thin-wall weir (22), and the center of the rotating gear (26) is connected with a rotating shaft of the stepping motor (27);
the balls (25) are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the sliding chute (23), and the contact part of the top end of the sliding chute (23) and the rectangular thin-wall weir (22) is movably and hermetically connected through a slidable rubber sheet;
the uniform outflow subsystem (3) comprises an overflow pool (32) and an arc-shaped water passing baffle (31);
the cross section of the overflow pool (32) is semicircular, the top of one end of the overflow pool (32) is flush with and seamlessly connected with the top of the other end of the water flow passage (24), and the end part of the other end of the overflow pool (32) is smoothly connected with one end of the beach area (4) to be replenished;
one end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle (31) is fixedly arranged in the overflow tank (32), the other end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle is suspended in the overflow tank (32), and the open end of the arc-shaped overflow baffle (31) faces the side of the liftable cofferdam;
a plurality of water passing holes (33) are uniformly formed in the arc-shaped water passing baffle (31);
the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir (22) is smaller than that of the chute (23), and the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir (22) is the same as that of the cofferdam of the water reservoir (1).
2. The silt-laden river estuary beach constant-current water replenishing system of claim 1, wherein the controller (28) is a computer.
3. The water supplementing method of the constant-current water supplementing system for the estuary and beach area of the sediment-laden river according to any one of claims 1-2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, determining whether the working state of the water replenishing system is a flood plain state or an interception state according to the actual water quantity condition of the beach area to be replenished;
if the state is the flood plain state, the step S2 is entered;
if the interception status is the interception status, go to step S6;
s2, determining the discharge water depth of the uniform outflow subsystem according to the actual situation of the beach area to be replenished, further determining the water replenishing parameters of the constant-flow water discharging subsystem, and entering the step S3;
s3, monitoring the water level before the current weir in real time through the ultrasonic water level monitor, transmitting the water level to the controller, and entering the step S4;
s4, adjusting the control parameters of the controller at the controller side according to the determined water replenishing parameters of the constant-flow water discharging subsystem and the current water level in front of the weir, so that the controller controls the rectangular thin-wall weir to move up and down, and entering the step S5;
s5, in the process that the rectangular thin-wall weir moves up and down, keeping the height of the rectangular thin-wall weir lower than a constant value of the water level before the current weir, and enabling the water head on the current weir to be always kept at a constant set value, so that water in the reservoir is enabled to flow into the uniform outflow subsystem in a constant flow manner, and constant-flow uniform water supplement in the beach area is achieved;
the weir water head is the height from the topmost end of the rectangular thin-wall weir to the water surface of the water flow passageway;
s6, monitoring the water level before the current weir in real time through the ultrasonic water level monitor, transmitting the water level to the controller, and entering the step S7;
and S7, adjusting control parameters of the controller according to the received current water level before the weir at the controller side to control the movement of the rectangular thin-wall weir, and enabling the height of the moved rectangular thin-wall weir to be always higher than the constant value of the current water level before the weir, so that water in the reservoir cannot flow out, and water storage is realized.
4. The water supplementing method according to claim 3, wherein the step S2 is implemented by using the constant-flow water discharging subsystem to discharge water at a higher depthh OutflowThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
h outflow=K*t+ h Evaporation of
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Kis the permeability coefficient;
tto even out the time of arrival of the water in the flow subsystem at the ocean,t=L/v，Lto even out the distance of the flow subsystem to the ocean,vis the flow rate;
h evaporation ofIs the evaporation capacity;
the water replenishment parameter of the uniform outflow subsystem comprises a single-width outflow rateq OutflowAnd the discharge of the constant-flow water discharge subsystemQ；
The single wide outflowq OutflowComprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,m 0the flow coefficient including the influence of the near flow velocity water head is obtained;
gis the acceleration of gravity;
His the current weir head, anH=0.1~0.6；
The outlet flow of the constant-flow water discharge subsystemQComprises the following steps:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,bis a rectangular thin-wall weir with a weir widthb=0.2~2.0。
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