CN110713450A - Astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis - Google Patents

Astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis Download PDF

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CN110713450A
CN110713450A CN201910986548.0A CN201910986548A CN110713450A CN 110713450 A CN110713450 A CN 110713450A CN 201910986548 A CN201910986548 A CN 201910986548A CN 110713450 A CN110713450 A CN 110713450A
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haematococcus pluvialis
astaxanthin
extraction
breaking
haematococcus
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余建忠
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Fujian Kai Yuan Tang Bio Technology Co Ltd
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Fujian Kai Yuan Tang Bio Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C403/00Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone
    • C07C403/24Derivatives of cyclohexane or of a cyclohexene or of cyclohexadiene, having a side-chain containing an acyclic unsaturated part of at least four carbon atoms, this part being directly attached to the cyclohexane or cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene rings, e.g. vitamin A, beta-carotene, beta-ionone having side-chains substituted by six-membered non-aromatic rings, e.g. beta-carotene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/16Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

Abstract

The invention discloses an astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis. The method comprises the following steps: s1: taking haematococcus pluvialis powder, and adding an acidic stabilizer to obtain a haematococcus alginate solution; s2: performing primary wall breaking treatment on the haematococcus solution to obtain primary wall breaking liquid; s3: adding an extraction solvent into the primary wall-breaking liquid, and then performing secondary wall-breaking to obtain secondary wall-breaking liquid; s4: filtering the secondary wall-breaking liquid, standing for layering, and collecting supernatant; s5: and (4) performing supercritical extraction and purification on the supernatant to obtain the astaxanthin.

Description

Astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of astaxanthin extraction, and particularly relates to an astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis.
Background
Astaxanthin, which was first found in the shells of shrimps and crabs, is the strongest natural antioxidant found in nature at present. Compared with other antioxidants, astaxanthin is fat-soluble and water-soluble, and therefore is more easily absorbed by the human body. The oxidation resistance of the astaxanthin is 6000 times that of the vitamin C; 500-fold of vitamin E; is 800 times of coenzyme Q10. Therefore, the astaxanthin is applied to the market for health care products, particularly the expression of the astaxanthin in the anti-aging field, and is called as 'super vitamin E'.
Astaxanthin is an important supplement for resisting aging and diseases of human, can remove free radicals, improve the immunity of the human body, can penetrate the main barriers of the human body such as blood brain barrier and the like, and is the only antioxidant which can reach cells of all parts of the whole body of the human body. Because of its super oxidation resistance, it opens a new chapter for human to solve some common chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, arthritis, etc. It is called "red miracle" by the international medical and nutritional community, and its discovery and use have immeasurable significance and bright future for human health.
The molecular formula of astaxanthin is C40H52O4The astaxanthin has 3 isomeric forms of levorotatory, meso and dextrorotatory due to the optical activity of hydroxyl (-OH) at two ends, wherein the artificially synthesized astaxanthin is a mixture of astaxanthin with 3 structures (the levorotatory content is 25 percent, the dextrorotatory content is 25 percent, and the meso content is about 50 percent), has extremely little antioxidant activity, and is completely different from the astaxanthin in breeding organisms such as salmon. The astaxanthin of yeast source is 100% dextrorotation, and has partial antioxidant activity; the astaxanthin from the two sources is mainly used for coloring non-edible animals and materials. Only astaxanthin of algal origin is 100% L-structure and has the strongest biological activity.
Most of astaxanthin sources are artificially synthesized at present, and besides the artificial chemical synthesis method, the biological sources of natural astaxanthin generally comprise 3 types: waste from the aquatic product processing industry, Phaffia rhodozyma (Phaffia rhodozyma) and microalgae (haematococcus pluvialis). Among them, the astaxanthin content in the waste is low, and the extraction cost is high, so that the method is not suitable for large-scale production. The average astaxanthin content in the natural Phaffia rhodozyma is only 0.40%. In contrast, Haematococcus pluvialis has an astaxanthin content as high as 1.5% to 3.0%, and is therefore considered a "concentrate" of natural astaxanthin.
Haematococcus pluvialis is recognized as the best organism for producing natural astaxanthin in nature, so that the extraction of astaxanthin by using the microalgae has a wide development prospect and becomes a research hotspot for producing natural astaxanthin internationally.
In the extraction process of astaxanthin, the extraction rate is closely related to the wall-breaking degree, most of the wall-breaking treatments are single reagent wall-breaking, grinding wall-breaking or ultrasonic wall-breaking at present, the haematococcus pluvialis powder cannot be subjected to better wall-breaking separation, and the subsequent extraction efficiency is directly influenced; meanwhile, the activity of the extracted astaxanthin has a close relationship with the temperature and illumination in the extraction process, the activity of the astaxanthin is reduced at the temperature of more than 55 ℃, and the activity of the astaxanthin is reduced along with the increase of the illumination time, so that the conditions of high extraction rate and low activity occur, the extraction rate of the high-activity astaxanthin is not high, and the large extraction cost and the quality of the astaxanthin are increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and the astaxanthin extraction method with high extraction rate and high activity is realized through a secondary wall-breaking, low-temperature and light-resistant extraction process.
The invention provides an astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis, which comprises the following steps:
s1: taking haematococcus pluvialis powder, and adding an acidic stabilizer to obtain a haematococcus pluvialis alginic acid solution, wherein the pH value of the haematococcus pluvialis alginic acid solution is 5.0-6.5;
s2: performing primary wall breaking treatment on the haematococcus solution to obtain primary wall breaking liquid;
s3: adding an extraction solvent into the primary wall-breaking liquid, and then performing secondary wall-breaking to obtain secondary wall-breaking liquid;
s4: filtering the secondary wall-breaking liquid, standing for layering, and collecting supernatant;
s5: and (4) performing supercritical extraction and purification on the supernatant to obtain the astaxanthin.
Further, the acid stabilizer in S1 is acetic acid with the concentration of 25-35%, and the feeding mass ratio of haematococcus pluvialis powder to the acid stabilizer is 1: 15-20.
Further, zirconium bead grinding is adopted in the primary wall breaking treatment in S2.
Further, zirconium beads are ground simultaneously by adopting zirconium beads with three sizes, wherein the zirconium beads are respectively 0.04-0.06mm, 0.08-0.10mm and 0.14-0.16mm, and the mass ratio of haematococcus pluvialis powder to zirconium beads with three sizes is 18-26: 1: 2: 3.
further, the addition amount of the enzymolysis agent in S3 is 3000-4500U/ml, the enzymolysis agent comprises pectinase and cellulase, the activity ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase is 1.2-1.8:1 (U: U), the enzymolysis time is 2-3h, the enzymolysis temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the enzymolysis pH is controlled at 5.0-5.5 through acetic acid.
The enzymolysis agent adopted by the invention is a compound enzyme system combining pectinase and cellulase, and the cell wall of haematococcus pluvialis has a net structure consisting of cellulose protein and pectin, so that the plant cell wall can be effectively disintegrated by adopting the compound enzyme system, the permeability of the biological cell wall and the cell membrane is improved, the outflow of cell contents is accelerated, particularly, the compound enzyme system is added for use after primary wall breaking, the broken substances after physical breakage can be quickly disintegrated, each cell cannot be broken after grinding, but most of the structure of the haematococcus pluvialis is broken, and the enzymolysis is carried out by adding the responsive enzyme at the moment, so that the total dissolution rate is increased, a more easy breaking environment is provided for subsequent secondary wall breaking, and the overall dissolution rate is further ensured.
Further, the extraction solvent in S3 comprises absolute ethanol and dichloromethane, and the volume ratio of the absolute ethanol to the dichloromethane is 6-8: 3, the adding amount of the extraction solvent is 20-25 times of the mass of the haematococcus erythropolis powder.
Further, the secondary wall-breaking treatment in S3 is ultrasonic treatment.
Further, the ultrasonic treatment power is 150-.
Further, the extraction temperature of the supercritical extraction in the S5 is 40-50 ℃, and the pressure is 35-36 MPa; the separation temperature is 30-40 deg.C and the pressure is 7-8 MPa.
Furthermore, acetic acid with the weight of 10-15 times that of the haematococcus pluvialis powder is also required to be added in the supercritical extraction in the S5.
Further, the operations in S1-S5 are all light-shielding operations, and the whole operation process should be carried out at 50 ℃.
The method for extracting astaxanthin based on haematococcus pluvialis has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention adopts the secondary wall-breaking combined treatment, namely, the cell tissue is separated by physical grinding, and a certain degree of cell membrane wall separation is achieved; then, by ultrasonic treatment and the cavitation action of ultrasonic waves, discrete cells or cells with incomplete primary wall breaking are destroyed again, so that the astaxanthin is fully dissolved out, the extraction effect of a subsequent solvent is enhanced, and the extraction rate of the astaxanthin is further improved;
(2) the zirconium beads with three sizes are ground simultaneously, so that the grinding gaps of the zirconium beads are greatly reduced, the damage to cells of the haematococcus erythropolis powder is more thorough, and larger-scale free cells are provided for secondary ultrasonic treatment;
(3) the astaxanthin is relatively stable under an acidic condition, so that the addition of an acidic stabilizer is adopted before and during wall breaking, and the activity of the astaxanthin can be well ensured;
(4) through the mixed extraction of the ethanol and the dichloromethane, the high dissolubility of the dichloromethane to the astaxanthin can be utilized, and simultaneously, part of the dichloromethane can be replaced by the ethanol, so that the toxicity of the solvent is reduced, and a certain high dissolubility is also ensured;
(5) by supercritical CO2The astaxanthin can be rapidly purified by fluid extraction, and the purity of the astaxanthin can be ensured to a certain degree;
(6) the extraction process is below 50 ℃, and the operation is carried out in a dark place, so that the astaxanthin is further prevented from being influenced by the environment in the extraction process, and the activity of the astaxanthin is reduced;
(7) the series of extraction steps can ensure higher extraction rate and activity of astaxanthin, so that multiple times of extraction and separation are not needed in the extraction process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a high performance liquid chromatography of astaxanthin obtained by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art, and equivalents may fall within the scope of the claims of the present application. The proportions in the examples of the invention are by weight.
Example 1
S1: taking haematococcus pluvialis powder, and adding an acidic stabilizer to obtain a haematococcus pluvialis alginic acid solution, wherein the acidic stabilizer is acetic acid with the concentration of 30%, and the feeding mass ratio of the haematococcus pluvialis powder to the acidic stabilizer is 1: 15;
s2: carrying out primary wall breaking treatment on haematococcus solution, wherein the pH value is 5.0, obtaining primary wall breaking liquid, namely, carrying out grinding treatment by adopting zirconium beads, wherein the zirconium beads are ground simultaneously by adopting three sizes, namely, the zirconium beads are respectively 0.04mm, 0.08mm and 0.14mm, and the mass ratio of haematococcus pluvialis powder to the zirconium beads in the three sizes is 18: 1: 2: 3;
s3: adding an enzymolysis agent and an extraction solvent into the primary wall-breaking liquid, wherein the extraction solvent comprises absolute ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane, and the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the dichloromethane is 6: 3, performing secondary wall breaking by using the extraction solvent with the input amount of 20 times of the mass of the haematococcus erythropolis powder, namely performing ultrasonic treatment with the ultrasonic treatment power of 150W and the ultrasonic time of 5.5min to obtain secondary wall breaking liquid;
the addition amount of the enzymolysis agent is 3000U/ml, the enzymolysis agent comprises pectinase and cellulase, the activity ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase is 1.2:1 (U: U), the enzymolysis time is 2h, the enzymolysis temperature is 35 ℃, and the enzymolysis pH is controlled at 5.0 by acetic acid.
S4: filtering the secondary wall-breaking liquid, standing for layering, and collecting supernatant;
s5: performing supercritical extraction and purification on the supernatant, wherein the extraction temperature of the supercritical extraction is 40 ℃, and the pressure is 35 MPa; the separation temperature is 30 ℃, the pressure is 7MPa, and acetic acid with the weight of 10 times of the haematococcus pluvialis powder is also added in the supercritical extraction, so that the astaxanthin is obtained.
The operations are all dark operations, the specific embodiment of the invention adopts infrared lamp treatment, and the whole operation process is carried out below 50 ℃.
Example 2
S1: taking haematococcus pluvialis powder, and adding an acidic stabilizer to obtain a haematococcus pluvialis alginic acid solution, wherein the acidic stabilizer is acetic acid with the concentration of 30%, and the feeding mass ratio of the haematococcus pluvialis powder to the acidic stabilizer is 1: 18;
s2: carry out the broken wall processing once with haematococcus solution, pH is 5.8, obtains broken wall liquid once, adopts zirconium bead grinding to handle promptly, and zirconium bead that zirconium bead ground adoption three kinds of sizes simultaneously grinds, is 0.05mm, 0.10mm and 0.15mm respectively, and haematococcus pluvialis powder is 22 with the zirconium bead mass ratio of three kinds of sizes: 1: 2: 3;
s3: adding an enzymolysis agent and an extraction solvent into the primary wall-breaking liquid, wherein the extraction solvent comprises absolute ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane, and the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the dichloromethane is 7: 3, performing secondary wall breaking by using the extraction solvent with the input amount 23 times of the mass of the residual haematococcus powder, namely performing ultrasonic treatment with the ultrasonic treatment power of 180W and the ultrasonic time of 6min to obtain secondary wall breaking liquid;
the addition amount of the enzymolysis agent is 4000U/ml, the enzymolysis agent comprises pectinase and cellulase, the activity ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase is 1.5:1 (U: U), the enzymolysis time is 2.5h, the enzymolysis temperature is 40 ℃, and the enzymolysis pH is controlled at 5.2 by acetic acid.
S4: filtering the secondary wall-breaking liquid, standing for layering, and collecting supernatant;
s5: performing supercritical extraction and purification on the supernatant, wherein the extraction temperature of the supercritical extraction is 45 ℃, and the pressure is 36 MPa; the separation temperature is 35 ℃, the pressure is 8MPa, and acetic acid with the mass of 13 times of the haematococcus pluvialis powder is also required to be added in the supercritical extraction, so that the astaxanthin is obtained.
The operations are all dark operations, the specific embodiment of the invention adopts infrared lamp treatment, and the whole operation process is carried out below 50 ℃.
Example 3
S1: adding an acidic stabilizer into haematococcus pluvialis powder, wherein the pH value is 6.5, so as to obtain a haematococcus pluvialis alginic acid solution, the acidic stabilizer is acetic acid with the concentration of 30%, and the feeding mass ratio of the haematococcus pluvialis powder to the acidic stabilizer is 1: 20;
s2: carry out a broken wall processing with haematococcus pluvialis solution, obtain a broken wall liquid, adopt zirconium bead to grind promptly, zirconium bead that zirconium bead ground adoption three kinds of sizes simultaneously grinds, is 0.06mm, 0.10mm and 0.16mm respectively, and haematococcus pluvialis powder is 26 with the zirconium bead mass ratio of three kinds of sizes: 1: 2: 3;
s3: adding an enzymolysis agent and an extraction solvent into the primary wall-breaking liquid, wherein the extraction solvent comprises absolute ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane, and the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the dichloromethane is 8: 3, performing secondary wall breaking by using the extraction solvent with the input amount of 25 times of the mass of the haematococcus pluvialis powder, namely performing ultrasonic treatment with the ultrasonic treatment power of 200W and the ultrasonic time of 6.5min to obtain secondary wall breaking liquid;
the addition amount of the enzymolysis agent is 4500U/ml, the enzymolysis agent comprises pectinase and cellulase, the activity ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase is 1.8:1 (U: U), the enzymolysis time is 3h, the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃, and the enzymolysis pH is controlled at 5.5 by acetic acid.
S4: filtering the secondary wall-breaking liquid, standing for layering, and collecting supernatant;
s5: performing supercritical extraction and purification on the supernatant, wherein the extraction temperature of the supercritical extraction is 50 ℃, and the pressure is 36 MPa; separating at 40 deg.C under 8MPa, and adding acetic acid 15 times the weight of Haematococcus pluvialis powder to obtain astaxanthin.
The operations are all dark operations, the specific embodiment of the invention adopts infrared lamp treatment, and the whole operation process is carried out below 50 ℃.
Evaluation of
The extraction rate, purity and active substances of astaxanthin obtained in the above examples 1, 2 and 3 were evaluated by comparison (using HPLC, and the spectrum is shown in FIG. 1). And adds the traditional extraction technology for comparison. The traditional process 1 is single grinding, then is connected with a reagent for dissolution, rotary evaporation and extraction, and the treatment process is not carried out with illumination and temperature; the traditional process 2 is single ultrasonic, then is connected with a reagent for dissolution, rotary evaporation and extraction, the treatment process is not carried out by illumination and temperature, and the test evaluation results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the extraction amount, purity and L-occupancy of astaxanthin prepared by the method are all higher than those of the traditional extraction process, and the method has obvious improvement and optimization, and fully illustrates the excellent progress of the method.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above by way of example, but the description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications within the scope of the application of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: taking haematococcus pluvialis powder, and adding an acidic stabilizer to obtain a haematococcus pluvialis alginic acid solution, wherein the pH value of the haematococcus pluvialis alginic acid solution is 5.0-6.5;
s2: performing primary wall breaking treatment on the haematococcus solution to obtain primary wall breaking liquid;
s3: adding an enzymolysis agent and an extraction solvent into the primary wall-breaking liquid, and then performing secondary wall-breaking to obtain secondary wall-breaking liquid;
s4: filtering the secondary wall-breaking liquid, standing for layering, and collecting supernatant;
s5: and (4) performing supercritical extraction and purification on the supernatant to obtain the astaxanthin.
2. The method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the acid stabilizer in the S1 is acetic acid with the concentration of 25-35%, and the feeding mass ratio of the haematococcus pluvialis powder to the acid stabilizer is 1: 15-20.
3. The method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: zirconium bead grinding is adopted in the primary wall breaking treatment in S2; zirconium bead grinding is carried out by adopting zirconium beads with three sizes simultaneously, wherein the zirconium beads are respectively 0.04-0.06mm, 0.08-0.10mm and 0.14-0.16mm, and the mass ratio of haematococcus pluvialis powder to zirconium beads with three sizes is 18-26: 1: 2: 3.
4. the method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the addition amount of the enzymolysis agent in S3 is 3000-4500U/ml, the enzymolysis agent comprises pectinase and cellulase, the activity ratio of the pectinase to the cellulase is 1.2-1.8:1 (U: U), the enzymolysis time is 2-3h, the enzymolysis temperature is 35-45 ℃, and the enzymolysis pH is controlled at 5.0-5.5 through acetic acid.
5. The method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the extraction solvent in the S3 comprises absolute ethyl alcohol and dichloromethane, and the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the dichloromethane is 6-8: 3, the adding amount of the extraction solvent is 20-25 times of the mass of the haematococcus erythropolis powder.
6. The method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the secondary wall breaking treatment in S3 is ultrasonic treatment.
7. The method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the ultrasonic treatment power is 150-200W, and the ultrasonic time is 5.5-6.5 min.
8. The method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supercritical extraction in S5 has the extraction temperature of 40-50 ℃ and the pressure of 35-36 MPa; the separation temperature is 30-40 deg.C and the pressure is 7-8 MPa.
9. The method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the supercritical extraction in S5 needs to add acetic acid with the weight of 10-15 times of that of the haematococcus pluvialis powder.
10. The method of extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the operations in S1-S5 are all dark operations, and the whole operation process is carried out below 50 ℃.
CN201910986548.0A 2019-10-17 2019-10-17 Astaxanthin extraction method based on haematococcus pluvialis Pending CN110713450A (en)

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Application publication date: 20200121