CN110711251B - 聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂及其合成方法 - Google Patents
聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂及其合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110711251B CN110711251B CN201911288869.XA CN201911288869A CN110711251B CN 110711251 B CN110711251 B CN 110711251B CN 201911288869 A CN201911288869 A CN 201911288869A CN 110711251 B CN110711251 B CN 110711251B
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- bola
- polyoxyethylene
- acid
- nonionic surfactant
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂及其合成方法,其是由双烯酸二元醇二酯环氧化产物与聚乙二醇反应得到,这种表面活性剂结合了聚氧乙烯基表面活性剂的温和无刺激、易生物降解、环境友好的优点,还具备了Bola表面活性剂的优异性能,实验证明相比于现有的注射用增溶辅料,本发明的致溶血作用明显减弱,具有更高的安全性,而增溶活性还有所提高,是一种生物相容性良好表面活性剂,可广泛应用于药用注射剂的增溶辅料,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种注射用药用增溶辅料的制备,确切地说是一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子型表面活性剂及其合成方法。
背景技术
表面活性剂能在水溶液中形成胶束,并能定向吸附于两相界面上,降低界面(表面)张力,可起增溶、乳化、湿润、浸透和分散等多种作用,并且表面活性剂用量少(一般为百分之几到千分之几),被称为“工业味精”。广泛应用于医药、食品、化妆品等诸多领域。
在医药行业中,对于液体制剂特别是注射剂,为了增加难溶性药物成分的溶解度,必须加入以聚山梨酯80(Tween 80)为代表的表面活性剂作为增溶辅料,以改善主药的成药性、注射剂的澄明度及稳定性。一般认为这类非离子表面活性剂相对于阳离子、阴离子和两性表面活性剂是安全的,被广泛用于中药制剂、化学药物和生物制品的注射剂,在制药工业中具有重要的价值,各国药典对其均有收载。但随着各国对药品不良反应监测及报告制度的完善,近年来,临床上出现了大量严重的中药注射剂不良事件,国外也有由于Tween 80引起不良反应的报道,使得Tween 80质量及安全性的研究受到广泛关注。随着研究的不断深入,实验证明以Tween 80为代表的非离子表面活性剂并非完全惰性,仍有一定的毒性和药理作用,最主要的是对红细胞的稳定性的影响,可引发溶血、类过敏和休克等严重不良反应。而毒性的来源并非由于过氧化物、有机溶剂残留、油酸纯度等微量杂质所引发,而是来自于其自身主成份的结构特性。不同于化学药物可以通过成盐、结构改造等手段改善其水溶性,中药注射剂成分复杂,添加增溶辅料是保证其成药性的唯一手段,不解决增溶辅料的安全性问题,就不能解决中药注射剂的安全性问题。因此,设计合成安全性及增溶性优于Tween 80的新型表面活性剂是目前制药工业的急切需求。
1951年,Fuoss把疏水链两端各连一个离子基团的分子称为Bolaformelectrolyte,从此,“Bola”成为这种特殊结构两亲分子的代称。与传统的表面活性剂相比,Bola型表面活性剂降低水表面张力的能力不是很强。这可能是因为Bola型表面活性剂具有两个亲水基,表面吸附分子在溶液表面将采取U型构象,即两个亲水基伸入水中,弯曲的疏水链伸向气相。于是构成溶液表面吸附层的最外层是亚甲基;而亚甲基降低水的表面张力的能力弱于甲基,所以,Bola型表明活性剂降低水的表面张力的能力较差。而发明人在对比研究了现表面活性剂的表面张力与溶血性的关系中发现,表面张力与溶血性呈负相关,提示发明人可通过设计合成一类Bola型表面活性剂,其表面张力较大不易导致溶血而又能在水中形成胶束可起到增溶作用,这是一条解决目前增溶辅料所引发的严重不良反应问题的可行途径。
目前,报道的Bola型表面活性剂主要有以下几类:
(1)阳离子型Bola表面活性剂
公开号CN102240521A公开了烷基二元醇与环氧氯丙烷反应制备烷基二元醇二缩水甘油醚中间体,再由该中间体与三甲胺盐酸盐反应制备得到阳离子型Bola表面活性剂,结构如下:
公开号CN104492341A公开了一种α,ω-二氯丙基聚硅氧烷或α,ω-二氯甲基聚硅氧烷与N-甲基咪唑、N-甲基吡咯烷或吡啶等反应制备的Bola离子液体型有机硅表面活性剂,结构如下:
公开号CN105688741A公开了一种以烷基二胺为亲酯链,氨基酸为亲水端的氨基酸型Bola表面活性剂。合成过程历经Boc保护、酰胺化、脱Boc保护三个步骤,结构如下:
(2)阴离子型Bola表面活性剂
公开号CN102389747A公开了以烷基二元醇与环氧丙烷聚合后,再与环氧乙烷聚合后用一氯乙酸对端羟基进行阴离子化改性,获得一种阴离子型Bola表面活性剂,结构如下:
公开号CN107597019A公开了一个有机硅的阴离子型Bola表面活性剂,结构如下:
(3)两性Bola表面活性剂
公开号CN104447380A公开了一种Bola型甜菜碱表面活性剂的制备方法,通过制备N,N-双(N,N-二甲基氨基丙基)烷基酰胺和Bola型甜菜碱的季铵化得到,这是一种两性的Bola型表面活性剂。
(4)非离子型Bola表面活性剂
公开号CN101058063公开了以聚氧丙烯醚为亲酯链、端单羟基聚氧乙烯醚为亲水链、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为连接臂,在二月桂酸二丁基锡催化下生成非离子型Bola表面活性剂。
公开号CN104645877A公开了一种Bola型有机硅表面活性剂,结构如下:
公开号CN105384899A公开了一种Y型三嵌段非离子型聚氨酯Bola表面活性剂,由单硬脂酸甘油酯与二异氰酸酯共聚,然后与聚氧乙烯单甲醚经嵌段聚合生成。
公开号CN107057802A公开了一种由环糊精和双硫键相连的双端偶氮苯分子构筑的、光响应与还原响应的超分子表面活性剂。本发明利用双硫键将偶氮苯连接,β-环糊精包结在偶氮苯两端作为亲水端,构筑成一种新型的Bola型超分子表面活性剂,结构式如下:
本发明是为了解决注射剂增溶辅料的安全性问题而设计的Bola型表面活性剂,为了减少表面活性剂与体内生物大分子间的静电亲和作用,所以表面活性剂的类型必须为非离子型表面活性剂。其次,所设计的表面活性剂必须可降解,分子量过大的,如公开号CN101058063聚醚型表面活性剂不易被肾脏排泄,不适合注射剂的应用,同时分子片段及合成过程不能有如氰酸酯类的有毒试剂及催化剂。而在增溶方面,如以聚氧丙烯为亲酯链,在相同碳原子数的情况下,亲酯性又不及烷烃,要达成一定的增溶效果势必分子量会过大,而已公开专利中二元醇及二元胺为亲酯链,其碳数有一定的上限,增溶效果有限。基于以上的安全性及增溶性的考虑,本发明设计了以二元醇和烯酸酯化,以达到增长亲酯链的目的,同时酯键在体内可以水解,以达到生物相容性满足注射剂使用的要求,合成中间体的端基双键经过双键活化后与亲水端(聚乙二醇)连接制备得到一种新型的聚氧乙烯基非离子型Bola表面活性剂。经过纯度、物性、增溶性及安全性测试,优选出相比Tween 80增溶性及安全性更好的表面活性剂,用于医药工业的使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂及其合成方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,其特征在于,其结构式如下所示:
其中,a为2~18的自然数,b,c为0~15的自然数;n为6~50的自然数。
所述的a优选12,b,c优选8,所述的n优选16~20。
所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下三个步骤:
步骤一、二-烯酸烷基二醇二酯的合成:在加装有分水器的三颈烧瓶加入烯酸、烷基二醇和酸性催化剂,以苯/甲苯/二甲苯为带水剂,在氮气保护下,回流反应2~10h。冷却至室温后,减压抽滤,滤液在旋转蒸发仪上减压除去溶剂甲苯得到粗产物,反应方程式如下,其中a为2~18的自然数,b,c为0~15的自然数;
步骤二、将二-烯酸烷基二醇二酯溶于二氯甲烷中,分步添加2~2.3倍摩尔量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温搅拌24~72h,过滤,滤液添加适量亚硫酸钠和碳酸氢钠还原中和未反应的间氯过氧苯甲酸,过滤,滤液经旋转蒸发仪减压除去二氯甲烷,得到粗品,上硅胶柱,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯洗脱后后得二-环氧烷酸烷基二酯,反应方程式如下,其中a为2~18的自然数,b,c为0~15的自然数;
步骤三、在步骤二制得的二-环氧烷酸烷基二酯中加入2~4倍摩尔量的不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)和催化剂,80℃反应2~10h,柱层析纯化除去未反应的PEG得后得产物,反应方程式如下,其中a为2~18的自然数,b,c为0~15的自然数;n为6~50的自然数。
所述步骤一中的酸性催化剂为对甲苯磺酸或硫酸,形态为固体或液体;步骤三所述的催化剂为三氟化硼乙醚。
所述的烷基二醇为1,2-乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、1,14-十四烷二醇、1,16-十六烷二醇、1,18-十八烷二醇。
所述的烯酸为3-丁烯酸、4-戊烯酸、7-辛烯酸、9-癸烯酸、10-十一烯酸、11-十二烯酸、17-十八烯酸。
所述的聚乙二醇为PEG300、PEG400、PEG600、PEG800、PEG1000、PEG1500、PEG2000。
所述步骤一中的烯醇、烷基二醇、酸性催化剂的摩尔比为(2~2.1)∶1∶(0.01~0.3),其反应温度为140~150℃,反应时间为2~10h。
所述步骤二中的二-烯酸烷基二醇二酯、间氯过氧苯甲酸的摩尔比为1∶(2~2.3),其反应温度为室温,反应时间为24~72h。
所述步骤三中的二-环氧烷酸烷基二醇二酯、聚乙二醇、催化剂的摩尔比为1∶(2~4)∶(0.01~0.3),其反应温度为80℃,反应时间为2~10h。
所述的烯酸优选10-十一烯酸;烷基二醇优选十二烷基二醇;聚乙二醇优选PEG800。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明聚氧乙烯基Bola非表面活性剂结合了非离子表面活性剂的温和无刺激、易生物降解、环境友好的优点,还具备了Bola表面活性剂的优异性能,如进一步提高表面活性剂临界胶束浓度时的表面张力,进而提高了其作为注射剂增溶辅料的安全性,可广泛应用于医药工业中的液体制剂使用,具有广阔的应用前景。
作为新型高安全性表面活性剂,聚氧乙烯基Bola非表面活性剂还有许多突出特点:生物相容性良好,刺激性较小、不易引发溶血,相比Tween 80安全使用浓度提高了10倍以上,增溶作用较好;亲酯链由烷基二醇与烯酸酯化得到,即增长了碳链提高了增溶性能,在体内又可降解,提高了安全性。亲水端的聚氧乙烯链中具有多个乙氧基,与生物膜的亲和性低,生物相容性好,并且长度适中,易通过肾脏排泄。此外,整个反应过程不涉及有毒有害的过渡金属催化剂,无繁琐、复杂的保护脱保护过程,操作简单,适于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,其结构式如下:
该聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、合成二-10-十一烯酸十二烷基二醇酯:1,12-十二烷二醇20.34g(0.1mol)和10-十一烯酸36.86g(0.2mol)加入干燥的三颈烧瓶中,加入150ml甲苯和0.57g对甲苯磺酸。在三颈烧瓶口分别装上分水器和温度计,在氮气保护下进行反应。油浴加热至反应体系回流,回流反应3h,停止反应。自然冷却至室温后,将烧瓶中的反应液倾倒入布氏漏斗中进行减压抽滤,滤液转移至梨形瓶中在旋转蒸发仪上减压除去甲苯得到粗产物53.67g。IR KBr(cm-1):3048.7,2918.16,2851.26,1738.86,1471.60,1411.83,1261.07,1181.63,967.86,912.07,841.86,856.85,748.73。1H-NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:5.82(m,2H),5.01(m,2H),4.99(m,2H),4.07(t,4H),2.30(t,4H),2.06(m,4H),1.63(m,8H),1.44~1.28(m,36H)。13C-NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:174.01,139.17,114.14,64.40,34.40,33.80,29.56,29.53,29.30,29.27,29.22,29.14,29.07,28.90,28.66,25.95,25.02。
反应路线如下:
步骤二、合成二-10-环氧十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯:将步骤一合成得到的二-10-十一烯酸十二烷基二醇酯53.67g(0.1mol)溶于500ml二氯甲烷中,分步添加2.2倍摩尔量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温搅拌反应72h,过滤,滤液添加适量亚硫酸钠和碳酸氢钠还原中和未反应的间氯过氧苯甲酸,过滤,滤液经旋转蒸发仪减压除去二氯甲烷,得到粗品,上硅胶柱,用石油醚:乙酸乙酯=9:1洗脱后,得二-10-环氧十一烷酸十二烷基二醇纯品51.68g,收率91.16%。反应方程式如下,;IR KBr(cm-1):3524.04,2928.61,2855.89,1734.67,1574.87,1465.72,1390.68,1354.39,1257.24,1174.32,1109.63,915.19,833.81,750.91。1H-NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:4.06(t,4H),2.92(m,2H),2.76(m,2H),2.47(m,2H),2.30(m,4H),1.62(m,8H),1.52(m,4H),1.45(m,4H),1.27~1.36(m,32H);13C-NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:174.02,64.43,52.41,47.15,34.38,32.47,29.55,29.52,29.37,29.35,29.26,29.16,29.11,28.65,25.95,25.93,24.99.。反应路线如下:
步骤三、合成二-11(10)PEG1000,二-10(11)-羟基-十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯:在步骤二制得的二-10-环氧十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯5.669g(0.01mol)中加入4倍摩尔量的聚乙二醇1000(PEG1000)和催化剂1.5%原料质量的三氟化硼乙醚,80℃反应5h,上ODS柱层析,50%甲醇洗脱除去未反应的PEG1000,再甲醇洗脱后,得18.58g产物,产率73.94%。反应方程式如下,IR KBr(cm-1):3331.04,2919.3,2866.6,1734.99,1456.53,1350.54,1298.8,1250.12,1108.30,951.31,851.53;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:4.06(t,4H),3.79(m,4H),3.74(m,2H),3.63~3.69(m,164H),3.52(m,4H),3.31(m,2H),2.31(t,4H),1.61(m,8H),1.28~1.34(m,40H)。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:174.03,81.62,75.89,72.62,70.19~70.97(m),64.42,61.65,34.39,32.95,29.15~29.73(m),28.65,28.64,26.91,25.93,25.57,25.01,24.99。反应路线如下:
实施例2
一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,其结构式如下:
该聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、步骤二同实施例1的步骤一和步骤二
步骤三、合成二-11(10)PEG800,二-10(11)-羟基-十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯:在步骤二制得的二-10-环氧十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯5.669g(0.01mol)中加入3倍摩尔量的聚乙二醇800(PEG800)和和催化剂1.5%原料质量的三氟化硼乙醚,80℃反应4h,上ODS柱层析,50%甲醇洗脱除去未反应的PEG800,再甲醇洗脱后,得16.25g产物,产率75.20%。IR KBr(cm-1):3344.68,2930,2864.32,1734.01,1644.54,1456.08,1350.81,1298.88,1249.89,1108.03,952.11,850.81。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:4.05(t,4H),3.79(m,3H),3.73(m,3H),3.60~3.68(m,132H),3.48(m,4H),3.30(m,1H),2.28(t,4H),1.62(m,8H),1.27~1.43(m,40H)。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:174.02,81.59,75.83,72.55,70.19~70.97(m),64.42,61.64,34.39,32.97,31.27,29.12~29.73(m),28.64,25.92,25.63,25.57,25.00,24.99。反应路线如下:
实施例3
一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,其结构式如下:
该聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、步骤二同实施例1的步骤一和步骤二
步骤三、合成二-11(10)PEG600,二-10(11)-羟基-十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯:在步骤二制得的二-10-环氧十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯5.669g(0.01mol)中加入3倍摩尔量的聚乙二醇600(PEG600)和和催化剂1.5%原料质量的三氟化硼乙醚,80℃反应4h,上ODS柱层析,50%甲醇洗脱除去未反应的PEG600,再甲醇洗脱后,得12.51g产物,产率72.73%。IR KBr(cm-1):3334.75,2929.63,2860.39,1735.35,1457.52,1350.99,1249.50,1109.18,950.98。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:4.05(t,4H),3.78(m,3H),3.73(m,4H),3.60~3.68(m,94H),3.51(m,10H),3.30(m,2H),2.28(t,4H),1.60(m,8H),1.29~1.44(m,40H)。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ174.01,81.59,75.88,72.61,70.19~70.96(m),64.41,61.64,34.38,32.95,31.28,29.14~29.72(m),28.64,25.92,25.56,24.98,24.98。反应路线如下:
实施例4
一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,其结构式如下:
该聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、步骤二同实施例1的步骤一和步骤二
步骤三、合成二-11(10)PEG400,二-10(11)-羟基-十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯:在步骤二制得的二-10-环氧十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯5.669g(0.01mol)中加入3倍摩尔量的聚乙二醇400(PEG400)和和催化剂1.5%原料质量的三氟化硼乙醚,80℃反应3h,上ODS柱层析,50%甲醇洗脱除去未反应的PEG400,再甲醇洗脱后,得10.62g产物,产率77.63%。IRKBr(cm-1):3366.46,2924.41,2855.53,1732.41,1644.62,1464.93,1351.72,1297.98,1107.93,951.33,845.82,727.45。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:4.05(t,4H),3.79(m,3H),3.74(m,3H),3.61~3.70(m,54H),3.48(m,3H),3.30(m,1H),2.29(t,4H),1.62(m,8H),1.28~1.45(m,40H)。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:174.03,81.67,75.96,72.71,70.13~70.96(m),64.42,61.64,34.39,32.97,31.27,29.12~29.73(m),28.64,25.92,25.63,25.57,25.00,24.99。反应路线如下:
实施例5
一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,其结构式如下:
该聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、步骤二同实施例1的步骤一和步骤二
步骤三、合成二-11(10)PEG300,二-10(11)-羟基-十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯:在步骤二制得的二-10-环氧十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯5.669g(0.01mol)中加入3倍摩尔量的聚乙二醇300(PEG300)和和催化剂1.5%原料质量的三氟化硼乙醚,80℃反应2h,上ODS柱层析,50%甲醇洗脱除去未反应的PEG300,再甲醇洗脱后,得8.21g产物,产率74.43%。IR KBr(cm-1):3338.25,2922.87,2852.76,1731.13,1464.76,1352.35,1250.65,1107.78,948.35,845.58,728.73。1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:4.06(m,4H),3.78(m,3H),3.73(m,4H),3.60~3.69(m,46H),3.49(m,2H),3.31(m,1H),2.29(t,4H),1.62(m,8H),1.27~1.34(m,40H)。13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3,ppm)δ:174.05,81.68,77.26,72.78,70.11~70.97(m),64.42,61.61,53.45,34.39,32.98,32.77,29.14~29.73(m),28.64,25.60,25.00,24.99。反应路线如下:
实施例6
将制得的不同种类的聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂采用HPLC/ELSD法进行纯度测试,色谱条件:Agilent 1200高效液相色谱仪,Alltech C18色谱柱(4.6×250mm,5μm),流动相为100%甲醇,流速1mL/min。Grace Alltech ELSD 6000蒸发光散射检测器,ELSD漂移管温度60℃,氮气流速1.6L/min。采用面积归一化法定量合成产物纯度(含量)。结果见下表。
实施例7
将制得的不同种类的聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂采用Dataphysics DCAT21表面张力仪吊片法对其进行表面活性测试,在20℃测定不同浓度的产品水溶液的表面张力(γ),通过γ-lgC的关系曲线,在拐点处对应的浓度即为临界胶束浓度CMC,并且使用最广泛的注射用增溶辅料Tween 80进行对比,经测定临界胶束浓度(mol/L)及对应浓度的水溶液的表面张力(mN/m)见下表。
实施例8
将制得的不同种类的聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,以紫杉醇为模型药,采用摇瓶法对其进行增溶性评价,在37℃测定不同浓度的产品水溶液中紫杉醇的饱和溶解度,采用最小二乘法对增溶剂浓度(X)-紫杉醇溶解度(Y)的关系进行线性回归,通过斜率评价不同产品的增溶能力,并且使用最广泛的注射用增溶辅料Tween80进行对比,结果见下表。
实施例9
将制得的不同种类的聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,参照中华人民共和国药典2015年版四部1148溶血与凝聚检查法,采用兔红细胞对其进行安全性评价,配制不同浓度的表面活性剂的水溶液,在37℃观察其导致红细胞的溶血率,以5%溶血率为限,确定增溶剂的安全使用浓度。并且使用最广泛的注射用增溶辅料Tween 80进行对比,结果见下表。并结合实施例8的数据,计算安全有效指数,综合考虑二-11(10)PEG800,二-10(11)-羟基-十一烷酸十二烷基二醇酯为最佳的选择。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (11)
2.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂,其特征在于,所述的a优选12,b,c优选8,所述的n优选16~20。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下三个步骤:
步骤一、二-烯酸烷基二醇二酯的合成:在加装有分水器的三颈烧瓶加入烯酸、烷基二醇和酸性催化剂,以及带水剂,在氮气保护下,回流反应2~10h,冷却至室温后,减压抽滤,滤液在旋转蒸发仪上减压除去带水剂得到粗产物;
步骤二、将二-烯酸烷基二醇二酯溶于二氯甲烷中,分步添加2~2.3倍摩尔量的间氯过氧苯甲酸,室温搅拌24~72h,过滤,滤液添加适量亚硫酸钠和碳酸氢钠还原及中和未反应的间氯过氧苯甲酸,过滤,滤液经旋转蒸发仪减压除去二氯甲烷,得到粗品,上硅胶柱,用石油醚-乙酸乙酯洗脱后,得二-环氧烷酸烷基二醇二酯纯品;
步骤三、在步骤二制得的二-环氧烷酸烷基二醇二酯中加入2~4倍摩尔量的不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)和催化剂,80℃反应2~10h,柱层析纯化除去未反应的PEG得后得产物。
4.如权利要求3所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤一中所述的酸性催化剂为对甲苯磺酸或硫酸,形态为固体或液体,带水剂为苯、甲苯或二甲苯;步骤三所述的催化剂为三氟化硼乙醚。
5.如权利要求3所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的烷基二醇为1,2-乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,8-辛二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,12-十二烷二醇、1,14-十四烷二醇、1,16-十六烷二醇、1,18-十八烷二醇。
6.如权利要求3所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的烯酸为10-十一烯酸、11-十二烯酸、17-十八烯酸。
7.如权利要求3所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的聚乙二醇为PEG 600、PEG 800、PEG 1000、PEG 1500、PEG 2000。
8.如权利要求3所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中的烯酸、烷基二醇、酸性催化剂的摩尔比为(2~2.1)∶1∶(0.01~0.3),其反应温度为140~180℃,反应时间为2~10h。
9.如权利要求3所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中的二-烯酸烷基二醇二酯、间氯过氧苯甲酸的摩尔比为1∶(2~2.3),其反应温度为室温,反应时间为24~72h。
10.如权利要求3所述的一种聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂的合成方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三中的二-环氧烷酸烷基二醇二酯、聚乙二醇、催化剂的摩尔比为1∶(2~4)∶(0.01~0.3),其反应温度为80℃,反应时间为2~10h。
11.如权利要求1中所述的聚氧乙烯基Bola非离子表面活性剂作为药用辅料在制备药物中应用。
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